Maltby is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Brough Maltby (1826–1894), English archdeacon
- Christopher Maltby (1891–1980), British army officer
- David Maltby (1920–1943), British bomber pilot
- Edward Maltby (1770–1859), English bishop
- H. F. Maltby (1880–1963), British actor and writer
- Jasper A. Maltby (1826–1867), American army general
- John Maltby (1936–2020), British painter and ceramics maker
- Judith Maltby (born 1957), American priest and church historian
- Kirk Maltby (born 1972), Canadian ice hockey player
- Lauren Maltby (born 1984), American actress and psychologist
- Margaret Eliza Maltby (1860–1944), American physicist
- Peg Maltby (1899–1984), English-born Australian book illustrator and children's writer
- Richard Maltby, Sr. (1914–1991), American musician and bandleader
- Richard Maltby, Jr. (born 1937), American theatre director and lyricist
- Thomas Maltby (1890–1976), Australian politician
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