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| Mary, the Mediatrix of All Grace | |
|---|---|
 The original image based on the 1948 Marian apparition, enshrined today in Lipa, Batangas. | |
| Location | Carmelite Monastery, Lipa City, Batangas |
| Date | November 12, 1948 |
| Witness | Ms. Teresita Castillo |
| Type | Marian apparition |
| Approval | Dismissed — 11 December 2015 Approved (Local) — 12 September 2015 Re-investigated — 1991 Suppressed — 11 April 1951 |
| Shrine | Our Lady, Mary Mediatrix of All Grace Parish |
Mary, the Mediatrix of All Grace (Spanish: María, Mediadora de Toda-Gracia; Tagalog: María, Tagapamagitan ng Lahat ng Biyaya), also known as the Our Lady of Lipa, is an alleged Marian apparition that occurred within the Carmelite Monastery of Lipa, Batangas, Philippines. The event occurred to a former Carmelite postulant, Teresita Castillo. The original statue associated with the apparition is currently enshrined at the monastery.
The apparitions were declared as Non-supernatural after an investigation by six Filipino bishops headed by the former Archbishop of Manila, Cardinal Rufino Santos on 11 April 1951. The case was reopened again in 1991 by the local bishop. Pope Pius XII declared the apparitions as fraudulent in 1951.
On 12 September 2015, the Archbishop of Lipa, Ramon Arguelles, against explicit direction from the Holy See and the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, formally declared approval of the apparitions, citing them as "supernatural and worthy of belief". On 11 December 2015, the Vatican re-affirmed the earlier verdict of the apparition as Non-Supernatural. A finalized copy of the verdict was received on May 31. Ultimately, Archbishop Arguelles retracted his declaration of supernaturality on 1 June 2016, citing to the original decision by the Holy Office as Non-Supernatural.
Name
The Blessed Virgin Mary is honored under the title Mediatrix of all graces. It has its mystical origins in Belgium where devotion under this title began.
Claims of Marian apparitions
Prior to the Marian apparitions, Teresita Castillo claimed to have encountered the Devil on several occasions under demonic torture. On 18 August 1948, Castillo, then a postulant at the monastery, noticed a heavenly odour, and upon entering her room saw a beautiful lady in white who spoke to her: "Do not fear my daughter, He who loves above all things has sent me. I come with a message…"
According to the account, on 12 September 1948, Castillo was in the convent garden and noticed a vine shaking without any wind blowing. She then heard a woman's voice that instructed her to visit the garden for 15 consecutive days. The next day, September 13, Castillo came to the spot at 5:00 P.M., knelt down and intended to say the Hail Mary. In the middle of the prayer, wind came, the garden vine moved, and a beautiful lady appeared. Castillo described the lady as having her hands clasped in prayer and holding a golden rosary in her right hand. The lady asked her to pray for priests and nuns.
On September 14, rose petals began to shower within the monastery, and some of the nuns noticed rose petals outside their hallways.
The prioress, Mary Cecilia of Jesus, decided to consult with Alfredo Obviar, Auxiliary Bishop of Lipa and spiritual director of the nuns. The bishop instructed the prioress to demand proof from the lady that she is from heaven.
On November 12, 1948, Castillo claimed that the apparition told her she was "Mary, Mediatrix of All Grace".
In October 17, 1949 the apparition allegedly prophesied an "invasion" by China of the Philippines and the world, with money as the instrument "leading the people of the world to destruction." The apparition happened roughly three weeks after the Communist takeover of China. According to Cardinal Ricardo Vidal, in his 2014 letter to the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, it was one of the apparition's "secrets" revealed to Castillo. Vidal wrote the letter two years after the start of the Scarborough Shoal standoff.
Description of the apparition
According to Teresita Castillo, the Virgin Mary was slightly stooped and dressed in white, with a narrow cloth belt about her waist. Her face was radiant, and her statues often show her dark hair flowing down her back beneath a white veil. Her hands are clasped on her breast, and a golden rosary hangs from her right hand. She is shown barefoot on clouds about two feet above the ground.
Later events
Castillo herself in an interview said she had met the Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines Cardinal Egidio Vagnozzi in 1951, and told him that she had already left the monastery to seek medical treatment. Vagnozzi strongly disapproved, called Castillo the Devil, and asked her to leave his presence, even trying to shove her out the door. Castillo burst into tears and begged for his blessing, which he withheld.
The current archbishop of Lipa, Ramón Argüelles, noted that auxiliary bishop Obviar and Bishop of Lipa Verzosa, who were on the commission, were forced to leave the investigation due to their lack of jurisdiction over Lipa. In a televised interview with ABS-CBN, Argüelles said no documents were compiled or even reached the Holy See in 1951, causing its immediate rejection. In 1991, a petition to approve the apparition began once again.
Rejection by the Holy Office
On March 28, 1951 the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office (later known as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith) declared that the events in Lipa have no signs of supernatural character or origin. This was reportedly confirmed by Pope Pius XII.
On April 11, 1951, an initial investigation report was signed by six Roman Catholic bishops and declared the Lipa apparitions Non-supernatural. Bishop Cesar Guerrero reportedly later recanted on his deathbed.
Apostolic Administrator Rufino Santos directed that the statue of Mary as Mediatrix of All Grace be retired from public veneration. According to a later interview with the prioress, Mother Mary of the Sacred Heart and Sister Mary Balthazar were ordered to burn several boxes containing leaflets, novena booklets, rose petals, and other paraphernalia pertaining to the apparition, including Castillo's personal diary. The sisters were also ordered by the bishop to throw the image of the Virgin into a bonfire, but they instead hid it out of piety.
On 21 May 1990, then-Lipa Archbishop Mariano G. Gaviola, allowed the veneration of the namesake Marian image after forty years of being banned from the public.
On 17 April 2005, Archbishop Argüelles publicly declared that he found no objection to the devotion under this Marian title. In November 2009 he formed a commission to investigate the apparitions anew.
On 12 September 2015, Argüelles formally released the canonical results of the investigation launched by the archdiocese, declaring the Marian apparitions to be Supernatural in character and worthy of pious belief.
In 11 December 2015, the Holy Office decreed through Cardinal Gerhard Ludwig Müller overruled the Archbishop and rejected his 2012 decree declaring that the alleged Marian apparitions in Batangas in 1948 were supernatural. Arguelles himself disclosed the ruling through an archdiocesan communiqué on May 31. In its decree, the Congregation stated that Pope Pius XII had made a definitive confirmation in 1951 against the supposed apparitions declaring that they "were not of supernatural origin," which the local authority had no authority to overrule.
On March 19, 2024, in a circular, Archbishop Gilbert Garcera of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lipa stated that "the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith upon the fervent request of Bishop Pablo Virgilio David, revealed the 1951 decree rejecting ‘Lipa apparition’. In a letter to Bishop David, Cardinal Fernandez of the DDF said he was not only providing a copy of the 1951 Vatican decree on the Lipa apparition, but also furnishing them a copy of the letter “in which Sister Mother Mary Cecilia of Jesus, OCD, then the superior of the convent where the known events occurred, confessed guiltily to having deceived the faithful about the alleged apparitions in Lipa and consequently asked for forgiveness.”
“This fact definitively and directly confirms the non-supernatural nature of the events in Lipa,” Fernandez said.
Evidence of the existence of the decree has legal implications in the region. In December 2022 Harriet Demetriou, former justice of the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan, filed a perjury complaint against Dominican exorcist priest Father Winston Cabading for claiming under oath that the 1951 decree existed. The case is pending. ‘Give me the document, let me examine it. If it’s valid, if it’s really authentic, then I will submit myself. Who am I to fight the Pope?’ Demetriou told Rappler.
However, “The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines has deemed it necessary to ‘revisit the case’ (not reopen investigation) because, as admitted by the 2015 letter sent by Cardinal Müller, some lapses in the communication of Rome’s decision had been committed in the process,” in a surprise turnaround CBCP president Bishop Pablo Virgilio David told Rappler.
Veneration
Former Philippine Ambassador to the Holy See, Mercedes Arrastia Tuason, is a devotee of the apparitions, and displayed a large statue of Our Lady Mediatrix of All Grace in her consular office in Rome.
Emma de Guzman, purported visionary, stigmatist and foundress of the church-sanctioned "La Pietà" International Prayer Group, said that Mary had declared herself to be "the Mediatrix standing in front of the Mediator".
The Archdiocese of Lipa currently endorses Marian devotion to this title, which is not expressly prohibited as long as it does not counter church doctrine. In 17 January 2015, Pope Francis venerated a replica of the image at the residence of the Archbishop of Palo. In Batangas province, local bishops often tolerate the devotion in public.
See also
- Mediatrix of All Grace offending religious feelings case – legal case involving a devotee of the apparition and a Roman Catholic priest.
References
- ^ Zulueta, Lito (June 1, 2016). "Vatican overrules Batangas bishop; declares 1948 Marian apparitions not genuine". The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
- "Why an exorcist priest was arrested for 'offending religious feelings'". Rappler. May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
- Eugenio, Damiana L. (1996). Philippine folk literature: the legends. University of the Philippines. p. 109. ISBN 978-971-8729-05-2.
- "Vatican reverses ruling on Lipa Marian apparition". GMA News. June 3, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
- ^ Farrow, Mary. "The curious case of the Lipa Marian apparitions", Catholic News Agency, December 28, 2016
- ^ Malasig, Jeline. "Through the years: The Lipa Marian apparitions, controversies", PhilStar, May 30, 2023
- ^ Zulueta, Lito B. (May 10, 2020). "From Fatima to Lipa: What Marian apparitions say about China 'invasion'". Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
- Our Lady of Mediatrix Lipa Documentary - Interviews with Teresita Castillo and the Carmelite Nuns. Videotape 1990.
- Prior to 1991, there was no record of the apparitions in the archdiocesan chanceries of Manila and Batangas, and no papers were present in the Apostolic Nunciature nor were any sent to the Vatican. The only document discovered in the records was a typewritten account of the events by the late Sister Mary Alphonse.
- ABS-CBN News (November 18, 2009). "Archbishop lifts devotion ban on miraculous Virgin Mary image". Archived from the original on December 15, 2021 – via YouTube.
- Heintz, Peter (1995). A Guide to Apparitions of Our Blessed Virgin Mary. Gabriel Press. ISBN 0-9645506-0-1.
- "Mary, Mediatrix of All Grace Parish".
- "Vatican overrules Batangas bishop; declares 1948 Marian apparitions not genuine". June 2016.
- Esmaquiel II, Paterno (March 19, 2024). "Vatican reveals 1951 decree rejecting 'Lipa apparition'". Rappler. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
- Esmaquiel II, Paterno (March 20, 2024). "Not so fast, ex-justice warns exorcist on Lipa apparition decree". Rappler. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
- Esmaquel, Paterno (March 22, 2024). "CBCP plans to 'revisit,' not reopen, Lipa apparition case". Rappler. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
- Office of the Ambassador of the Philippines to the Vatican, Pope Paul VI residence - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4uNvPfw2lk
- "CBCP Endorsement of the Pilgrimage". August 1, 2007.
- June Keithley Castro, "Messages from Mama Mary" in Philippine Daily Inquirer, 16 September 2012
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