Misplaced Pages

Mary Bagot Stack
"Seal" posture, now called Salabhasana or Locust Pose
Born	(1883-06-12)12 June 1883 Dublin
Died	26 January 1935(1935-01-26) (aged 51) London
Nationality	British
Alma mater	Alexandra College, Dublin
Known for	Mass market keep-fit system in 1930s Britain
Notable work	Building the Body Beautiful, the Bagot Stack Stretch-and-Swing System, 1931
Spouse(s)	Albert Thomas James McCreery (divorced) Edward Hugh Bagot Stack (d. 1914)
Children	Prunella Stack (28 July 1914 – 30 December 2010)

Mary Bagot Stack (12 June 1883 – 26 January 1935), known as Mollie Bagot Stack, founded the Women's League of Health & Beauty in 1930, the first and most significant mass keep-fit system of the 1930s in the UK. This has continued as an exercise system into the 21st century.

Education

After an education at Alexandra School and Alexandra College, Dublin, she enrolled in 1907 as a trainee teacher at Mrs Josef Conn's Institute of Physical Training in London. She had met Mrs Conn in Paris and was inspired by her specialisation in exercises to promote health. By 1910 she had moved to Manchester and set up her own fitness centre with private classes, large classes for women factory workers and also treated private patients.

Development of the Bagot Stack Exercise System

In the 1920s she again began to hold classes, initially for children in her own home, and by 1926 was training teachers in her own system at the Bagot Stack Health School in Holland Park, London. This initially involved 12 sequences of exercise designed to train the body in accordance with the seven principles of the Bagot Stack System. There were classes for women and children in dance as well as exercises. Her inspiration for developing her own exercise system came from a short time in India, where she observed the differences in movement between women wearing constricting Europeans clothes and those with looser Indian clothing. She had also studied hatha yoga on her travels in India. She developed a series of exercises based around her belief that movement was essential in life. This also fitted with ideas developing across Europe at the time of the benefits to women of exercise and changes in clothing fashions. As well as involving vigorous group exercises, the classes were designed to be sociable, which benefited the many recently bereaved women.

Mass market

Her big innovation was to move from small, private classes to a mass-market movement. In 1930 this grew into a commercial enterprise, the Women's League of Health and Beauty, using the YMCA's Regent Street premises. Public displays in London garnered publicity, and more centres started in 1932 in Bromley, Southend, Slough, Bournemouth, Croydon, Birmingham, Glasgow followed by Ayr, Paisley and Edinburgh and finally franchised centres all over the UK. The Women's League of Health and Beauty classes included elements from dance, callisthenics, and remedial, slimming, and rhythmical exercise to music. The League published its own magazine, Mother and Daughter, from 1933 to 1935 with content on pacifism and feminist political discussion as well as general self-improvement. Her book Building the Body Beautiful - The Bagot Stack stretch-and-swing system was published in 1931.

The organisation has been described as the most popular female physical culture organization in Britain. The league adapted eugenicist terms and saw women as "natural race builders". Their aim was to promote "racial health" through physical exercise. The organisation grew rapidly so that by 1934 there were 47,000 members but this had grown to 166,000 in 1937. Her daughter Prunella, along with others, continued promoting this exercise system so that what is now called the "Flexercise" movement continues as a national fitness programme in the UK.

Personal life

Mary Meta (Mollie) Bagot Stack was born 12 June 1883 in Dublin to parents from the Irish Protestant professional class. Her father was a dentist, Richard Theodore Stack (d. 1909). She contracted rheumatic fever at the age of 17. She married in 1909 (Albert Thomas James McCreery, a doctor) but this was short-lived ending in divorce. She married again on 10 March 1912 to a third cousin, Edward Hugh Bagot Stack (1884 - 1914), a captain in the Gurkha Rifles, who was killed in the First World War. She travelled with him to India, living in Lansdowne, a hill station near the Himalayas, but returned to the UK at the outbreak of war with her newborn daughter. She died in London 26 January 1935, aged 50 after suffering from thyroid cancer.

Her first child died at birth in 1913. The second, Ann Prunella, was born in India on 28 July 1914.

See also

• Marguerite Agniel
• Genevieve Stebbins
• Yoga in Britain

References

1. Singleton 2010, p. 143.
2. ^ Matthews, Jill Julius (2014) . "Stack, Mary Meta". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/45797. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
3. Matthews, Jill Julius (1990). "They Had Such a Lot of Fun: The Women's League of Health and Beauty between the Wars" (PDF). History Workshop. 30 (30): 22–54. doi:10.1093/hwj/30.1.22. JSTOR 4289005.
4. Ashburner, Lynn (2005). In a League of Their Own. The Story of the Women's League of Health and Beauty. Heritage Books. ISBN 0-9549963-0-5.
5. "OUR FITNESS JOURNEY". FLexercise. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
6. ^ "Student Teacher/Trainer Contract" (PDF). EMDP Training together. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
7. Horwell, Veronica (2 January 2011). "Prunella Stack obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
8. "The Fitness League History". Fitness League. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
9. Bagot Stack, Mary (1931). Building the body beautiful: The Bagot Stack stretch-and-swing system (1 ed.). Chapman and Hall. p. 71.
10. Zweiniger‐Bargielowska, Ina. (2005). The Culture of the Abdomen: Obesity and Reducing in Britain, circa 1900–1939. Journal of British Studies 44 (2): 239-273.
11. Garrity, Jane. (2003). Step-daughters of England: British Women Modernists and the National Imaginary. Manchester University Press. p. 67.
12. Childs, Martin (1 March 2011). "Prunella Stack". The Independent. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
13. "The Fitness League". Retrieved 3 July 2020.

Sources

• Singleton, Mark (2010). Yoga body : the origins of modern posture practice. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539534-1. OCLC 318191988.

v t e Yoga as exercise
Topics	Asanas List of asanas Standing asanas Downward dog Lotus position Meditation seats Sun Salutation Tree pose Warrior Accompaniments Drishti Pranayama Vinyāsa Hasta Vinyasas Teacher training Standards British Wheel of Yoga European Union of Yoga André Van Lysebeth Yoga Alliance Therapy Yoga using props 1979 Accessible yoga 2002 Trauma-sensitive yoga 2007 Restorative Yoga 2008 Yoga nidra International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller Janice Gates Events Competitive yoga International Day of Yoga Journals Asana Journal Yoga Journal Props Yoga brick Yoga mat Angela Farmer Hugger Mugger Yoga pants Lululemon
History	Early Early modern yoga Vivekananda 1896 Raja Yoga Pierre Bernard Harmonial gymnastics/yoga Marguerite Agniel Mary Bagot Stack Genevieve Stebbins Physical culture B. C. Ghosh K. V. Iyer Seetharaman Sundaram Paramahansa Yogananda Autobiography of a Yogi Aspects Hot yoga Science of yoga Sexual abuse by yoga gurus Matthew Remski Yoga and cultural appropriation In advertising For children For women Geeta Iyengar Yoga tourism Hybrids 1938 Naked yoga 1990 Mindful Yoga Frank Jude Boccio Anne Cushman Janice Gates Jon Kabat-Zinn Cyndi Lee Phillip Moffitt 2003 Acroyoga Doga 2013 Paddleboard Yoga 2014 Aerial yoga Beer yoga By country America 1961 Yoga for Health 1970 Lilias, Yoga and You Britain 1976 Lyn Marshall France Germany India Italy Russia Sweden 2015 Rachel Brathen Switzerland 1941 Selvarajan Yesudian Books 1996 Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace 2004 Yoga in Modern India A History of Modern Yoga 2005 Positioning Yoga 2010 Yoga Body The Subtle Body 2015 Selling Yoga 2016 The Path of Modern Yoga 2017 Roots of Yoga 2019 Yoga in Britain 2020 The Story of Yoga Films 2006 Guru 2009 Enlighten Up! 2012 Breath of the Gods
Schools (Gurus)	1918 The Yoga Institute Shri Yogendra Hansa Yogendra 1924 Kaivalyadhama Swami Kuvalayananda 1934 Viniyoga Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Yoga Makaranda T. K. V. Desikachar A. G. Mohan Indra Devi Srivatsa Ramaswami Vanda Scaravelli c. 1948 Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga K. Pattabhi Jois Mysore style Tim Miller Kino MacGregor Larry Schultz 1959 Sivananda Yoga Vishnudevananda Saraswati Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga 1963 Bihar School of Yoga Satyananda Saraswati 1965 Ananda Yoga Kriyananda 1966 Integral Yoga Satchidananda Saraswati 1966 Kripalu Yoga Amrit Desai Stephen Cope 1971 Himalayan Institute Swami Rama 1973 Bikram Yoga Bikram Choudhury 1975 Iyengar Yoga B. K. S. Iyengar Light on Yoga Yoga the Iyengar Way 1975 Dharma Mittra c. 1975 Yin Yoga Paulie Zink Paul Grilley Sarah Powers 1982 Forrest Yoga 1984 Jivamukti Yoga Sharon Gannon 1995 Power Yoga Beryl Bender Birch Bryan Kest 1997 Anusara Yoga John Friend 2006 Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)
Related	Yoga Hatha yoga Modern yoga Post-lineage yoga Asanas (template) List of yoga schools Yoga scholars (template) Yoga teachers (category) Modern Yoginis (template)

• 20th-century Irish women
• Exercise instructors
• 1883 births
• 1935 deaths
• 19th-century Irish women
• 19th-century Irish people
• 20th-century Irish educators
• People associated with physical culture
• People educated at Alexandra College