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Vaccine adjuvant

Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response. It was patented in 2020 by Novavax and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids. It is an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM), which are nanospheres formed when saponin is mixed with two types of fats.

Adjuvants increase the body's immune response to a vaccine by creating higher levels of antibodies. They can either enhance, modulate, and/or prolong the body's immune response, reducing the number of vaccinations needed for immunization.

The Matrix-M adjuvant is used in a number of vaccine candidates, including the malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M, influenza vaccines, and in the approved Novavax COVID-19 vaccine. In 2021, the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine candidate showed a 72% in sites with seasonal implementation and 67% in sites with age-based implementation in the modified per-protocol analysis. /> In influenza vaccine candidates, Matrix-M was shown to offer cross-protection against multiple strains of influenza.

Novavax is also testing a combined flu and COVID-19 vaccine candidate with Matrix-M.

References

  1. ^ Datoo, Mehreen S.; Natama, Magloire H.; Somé, Athanase; Traoré, Ousmane; Rouamba, Toussaint; Bellamy, Duncan; Yameogo, Prisca; Valia, Daniel; Tegneri, Moubarak; Ouedraogo, Florence; Soma, Rachidatou (2021-05-15). "Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial". The Lancet. 397 (10287): 1809–1818. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00943-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 8121760. PMID 33964223.
  2. ^ Magnusson, Sofia E.; Reimer, Jenny M.; Karlsson, Karin H.; Lilja, Lena; Bengtsson, Karin Lövgren; Stertman, Linda (2013-03-25). "Immune enhancing properties of the novel Matrix-M adjuvant leads to potentiated immune responses to an influenza vaccine in mice". Vaccine. 31 (13): 1725–1733. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.039. ISSN 0264-410X. PMID 23384754.
  3. ^ "NanoFlu is on the FDA's Vaccine Fast-Track". www.precisionvaccinations.com. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  4. "US Patent for Highly efficient influenza matrix (M1) proteins Patent (Patent # 10,544,399 issued January 28, 2020) - Justia Patents Search". patents.justia.com. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
  5. ^ Satyanarayana, Megha (2021-08-17). "A new, powerful malaria vaccine may be on the horizon". cen.acs.org. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  6. "Is Old Vaccine Technology the Key to Hesitancy?". www.medpagetoday.com. 2021-06-17. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  7. King2021-02-04T14:10:00+00:00, Anthony. "Covid vaccination efforts bolstered by trial results from J&J and Novavax". Chemistry World. Retrieved 2021-10-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. Milicic, Anita (24 March 2021). "Adjuvants: the unsung heroes of vaccines". The Conversation. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  9. "Moths and tree bark: How the Novavax vaccine works". www.nebraskamed.com. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  10. Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy; Partidos, Charalambos D.; Halmuthur, Sampath Kumar M.; Muller, Sylviane (September 2017). "An Overview of Novel Adjuvants Designed for Improving Vaccine Efficacy". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 38 (9): 771–793. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2017.06.002. ISSN 1873-3735. PMID 28668223. S2CID 205409092.
  11. "Malaria vaccine becomes first to achieve WHO-specified 75 percent efficacy goal". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  12. ^ Borrell, Brendan (2020-10-21). "The Tree That Could Help Stop the Pandemic". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  13. Tribble, Sarah Jane (2021-07-20). "Novavax's effort to vaccinate the world, from zero to not quite warp speed". Quartz. Retrieved 2023-04-13.


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