Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response. It was patented in 2020 by Novavax and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids. It is an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM), which are nanospheres formed when saponin is mixed with two types of fats.
Adjuvants increase the body's immune response to a vaccine by creating higher levels of antibodies. They can either enhance, modulate, and/or prolong the body's immune response, reducing the number of vaccinations needed for immunization.
The Matrix-M adjuvant is used in a number of vaccine candidates, including the malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M, influenza vaccines, and in the approved Novavax COVID-19 vaccine. In 2021, the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine candidate showed a 72% in sites with seasonal implementation and 67% in sites with age-based implementation in the modified per-protocol analysis. /> In influenza vaccine candidates, Matrix-M was shown to offer cross-protection against multiple strains of influenza.
Novavax is also testing a combined flu and COVID-19 vaccine candidate with Matrix-M.
References
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- ^ Magnusson, Sofia E.; Reimer, Jenny M.; Karlsson, Karin H.; Lilja, Lena; Bengtsson, Karin Lövgren; Stertman, Linda (2013-03-25). "Immune enhancing properties of the novel Matrix-M adjuvant leads to potentiated immune responses to an influenza vaccine in mice". Vaccine. 31 (13): 1725–1733. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.039. ISSN 0264-410X. PMID 23384754.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Milicic, Anita (24 March 2021). "Adjuvants: the unsung heroes of vaccines". The Conversation. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
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