| Merawi massacre | |
|---|---|
| Part of the War in Amhara | |
| Location | Merawi, West Gojjam, Amhara Region, Ethiopia |
| Coordinates | 11°24′31″N 37°9′39″E / 11.40861°N 37.16083°E / 11.40861; 37.16083 |
| Date | 29–30 January 2024 |
| Attack type | Shootings, robbery, extrajudicial killings |
| Deaths | 50–100 |
| Perpetrator |  Ethiopian National Defense Force |
| Motive | Revenge for an attack by Fano |
The Merawi massacre was the extrajudicial killing and massacre of 50 to 100 residents in the town of Merawi in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia by the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), between 29–30 January 2024. The massacre occurred after an attack on an Ethiopian military garrison by the Fano militia. Four survivors attributed the motivation for the massacre as revenge for the Fano attack. An investigation was launched by the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC).
Prelude
On 29 January 2024 during the War in Amhara, Fano attacked an Ethiopian military encampment in Merawi. Fighting in the town between Fano and the ENDF lasted for six hours, in which Fano withdrew from the town, leaving it in full control of the ENDF.
According to four survivors interviewed by The Globe and Mail, the ENDF was "determined to take revenge" for Fano's attack.
Massacre
On the afternoon of 29 January 2024, when Merawi was back under ENDF control, the ENDF carried out door-to-door searches, interrogated residents and accused them of sheltering Fano militants, and executed 100 men, women and children, of ages from 14 to 96. A witness interviewed by BBC News saw 13 people executed on Merawi's main street. The sound of gunfire was "constant" for much of the day.
The heaviest killings took place in 02 Kebele. Residents were robbed by the Ethiopian military officers prior to being executed. A 30-second video clip that was distributed on online social media was geolocated to "a business district in Merawi along the A3 highway, the town". The film was consistent with the witnesses' statements.
A resident, whose brother was one of the victims, told Addis Standard of seeing 50 dead bodies in Merawi's streets after the massacre. A monk stated that he saw twelve ENDF soldiers take 18 young men out of a bar, beat them, line them up, force them to kneel, and execute them.
Three witnesses interviewed by The Guardian described the victims as having been shot by bullets to the head. Birhanu, a civil servant, stated that identifying the victims was difficult due to their being shot in the head, describing the event as "the sort of thing in horror movies".
The killings continued throughout the night and the morning of 30 January.
Aftermath
On 29 January, the ENDF forbade residents from burying the victims. About 50 victims of the massacre were buried in the cemetery of St Mary church. Four were buried in the Medhanialem Church cemetery; 20 were buried in cemeteries for Muslims; others were buried in rural areas.
Investigations
The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) stated on 6 February 2024 that 80 civilians, mostly men, had been killed in house-to-house searches. On 13 February 2024, the EHRC stated that it had identified 45 of the civilians extrajudicially killed by "government security forces" in the massacre, and that it expected the true number of victims to be higher.
Reactions
Domestic
On 9 February 2024, the Ethiopian Federal Parliamentary Assembly extended the state of emergency in relation to the War in Amhara. Daniel Bekele, head of the EHRC, criticised the extension, describing the EHRC as "gravely concerned" about the expected effect of the extension on human rights.
The State of Emergency Investigative Board for the War in Amhara stated that it would investigate the massacre.
Ethiopian government spokesperson Legesse Tulu stated that the massacre took place in self-defence and did not target civilians. Daniel Kibret, an advisor to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, described ENDF operations in Amhara Region as "amazing" and encouraged the Ethiopian military to continue. Tewodrose Tirfe, chair of the Amhara Association of America, described Daniel Kibret's statement as hate speech aiming to justify massacres in the Amhara Region.
International
The United States (US) ambassador to Ethiopia, Ervin Jose Massinga, described the US government as being "deeply concerned" at "targeted civilian killings" and called for "unfettered access by independent human rights monitors as well as an impartial investigation to ensure the perpetrators are brought to justice".
As of 23 February 2024, Mesfin Tegenu, executive chair of the American Ethiopian Public Affairs Committee, writing in The Hill, said that the massacre had received very little attention from the US media and political elites. He called for the US government to pressure the Ethiopian government to end the state of emergency and withdraw its forces, and for the international community to demand that an independent investigation be held.
See also
References
- ^ Zecharias Zelalem (28 February 2024). "Survivors share chilling details of army killings in Ethiopia's Amhara region". The Globe and Mail. ISSN 0319-0714. Wikidata Q124705901. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Residents in Merawi town, Amhara region in shock a week after at least 50 people killed in 'execution-style'". Addis Standard. 5 February 2024. Wikidata Q124705987. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024.
- ^ Ethiopian forces killed 'at least 45 citizens' in Amhara, rights body says, Al Jazeera English, 13 February 2024, Wikidata Q124705978, archived from the original on 14 February 2024
- ^ "Dozens of civilians killed by Ethiopian state troops in Amhara region, say reports". The Guardian. 12 February 2024. ISSN 0261-3077. Wikidata Q124705998. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024.
- ^ Preliminary Report on the Merawi Massacre, Amhara Association of America, 5 February 2024, Wikidata Q124726536, archived from the original on 1 March 2024
- ^ US calls for investigation into alleged civilian killings in Ethiopia's Amhara region, Associated Press, 9 February 2024, Wikidata Q124705883, archived from the original on 1 March 2024
- Dawit Endeshaw; Bhargav Acharya (2 February 2024), Ethiopia extends state of emergency in Amhara, Reuters, Wikidata Q124726145, archived from the original on 2 March 2024
- ^ Mesfin Tegenu (23 February 2024). "The world must respond to Ethiopia's Merawi Massacre". The Hill. ISSN 1521-1568. Wikidata Q124706006. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024.
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- Massacres of Amhara people
- War in Amhara
- Massacres in 2024
- Massacres committed by Ethiopia
- 21st-century mass murder in Ethiopia
- Massacres in Ethiopia
- January 2024 events in Ethiopia
- January 2024 crimes in Africa
- 2024 murders in Ethiopia
- Attacks on bars in Africa
- Attacks on buildings and structures in Ethiopia
- Attacks on buildings and structures in 2024
- Robberies in Africa