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Miguel Ojopi
Official portrait, 2017
Member of the Chamber of Deputies from Pando
In office 18 January 2015 – 3 November 2020
Substitute	Yeimy Peña
Preceded by	Galo Silvestre
Succeeded by	Sergio Maniguary
Constituency	Party list
Constituent of the Constituent Assembly from Pando
In office 6 August 2006 – 14 December 2007
Constituency	Party list
Personal details
Born	Miguel Santa Lucía Ojopi Sosa (1967-12-14) 14 December 1967 (age 57) Cobija, Pando, Bolivia
Political party	Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
Alma mater	Technical University of Beni
Occupation	Businessman politician

Miguel Santa Lucía Ojopi Sosa (born 14 December 1967), often referred to as Yaco, is a Bolivian businessman and politician who served as a party-list member of the Chamber of Deputies from Pando from 2015 to 2020. A member of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, Ojopi entered politics as the party's departmental leader for Pando. In 2006, he was elected to serve as a party-list member of the Constituent Assembly for Pando from 2006 to 2007. After unsuccessfully contesting the Cobija mayoralty in 2010, Ojopi was elected to represent Pando in the Chamber of Deputies. As with other Revolutionary Nationalist Movement deputies elected as part of the Democratic Unity alliance, Ojopi split with the coalition shortly after assuming office, composing part of a quaternary opposition caucus in the lower chamber for the duration of his term.

Early life and career

Miguel Ojopi was born on 14 December 1967 in Cobija, Pando. He is a member of the Baure tribe, a small grouping of indigenous peoples native to the eastern Beni Department. Despite his primarily Amerindian roots, Ojopi considers himself, first and foremost, ethnically mestizo, maintaining that he and his parents had "modernized" themselves by adopting urban lifestyles and hence no longer pertained to antiquated tribal cultures. Ojopi attended the Technical University of Beni in Trinidad, during which time he became active in student leadership. Upon his return to Cobija, he dedicated himself to commerce, specializing in the almond industry, one of the lowland region's primary agribusiness sectors.

Early political career

Ojopi entered the political field as a member of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR), serving as the party's departmental leader for Pando. In contrast to other parties like Solidarity Civic Unity—with which Ojopi's brother, José Carlos, unsuccessfully contested Pando's circumscription 68 in 1997—the MNR had enjoyed a commanding electoral presence in the Pando Department since the country's transition to democracy. This dominance, however, was drastically reduced following the collapse of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada's government in 2003, which left the party permanently debilitated nationwide. It was in this context, and hot off the trail of a poor general election result the year prior, that the MNR contested the 2006 Constituent Assembly elections, with Ojopi topping its electoral list in the Pando Department. The party exited the race in a distant fourth place, a margin that, while small, still permitted it one constituent in the incoming assembly.

As a constituent, Ojopi pushed for the codification of departmental autonomy for Pando and the other eight departments, a primary policy priority articulated by most conservative currents opposed to the ruling Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP). Additionally, Ojopi was one of several opposition constituents who vocalized their rejection of the Constituent Assembly as a stage for "folkloric" representation. For figures like Ojopi, the assembly was "serious business", where slogans of constitutional representation for indigenous peoples, the peasantry, and "those carrying feathers, ponchos, and arrows" had no place. Even after the passage of the 2009 Constitution, Ojopi continued to qualify legislation such as that that required all public officials to speak two State recognized languages as "absurd": "Spanish is the language in which we all understand each other ... everyone speaks Spanish ... I cannot understand ... those who speak Aymara and Quechua ... if I speak Cavineño, who is going to understand me?".

Upon the conclusion of his term in the Constituent Assembly, Ojopi continued to operate in Pando politics. In 2010, he sought the Cobija mayoralty as part of an alliance between the MNR and Popular Consensus (CP). Although CP saw a wide array of victories in nine of Pando's fifteen municipalities, Ojopi narrowly failed to win the capital, being defeated by Ana Lucía Reis, a former MNR partisan who had switched allegiances to the MAS.

Chamber of Deputies

Election

Four years after his 2010 mayoral loss, Ojopi returned to the national scene, seeking a seat in the Chamber of Deputies on behalf of Democratic Unity (UD). The alliance was made up of the National Unity Front, the Social Democratic Movement, and regional factions of the MNR that, since 2003, had maintained a still-competitive partisan base in the lowland departments. He topped the alliance's party list in the department, winning the seat.

Tenure

No less than fifteen days after assuming office, Ojopi and the entire group of MNR deputies elected as part of UD broke away from the alliance, establishing their own quaternary caucus within the Chamber of Deputies. Spearheaded by Erik Morón, this caucus operated independently of the other opposition parties for the duration of its term, including presenting its own candidates for committees and commissions. With the support of the MAS, nearly all of its members were elected to leadership roles in parliamentary committees, including Ojopi, who headed the Community Economics Committee. The emergence of the MNR as a separate parliamentary bloc further fractured the already weak opposition, relegating many other deputies to minor roles in legislative administration. Although the MNR ran its own slate of candidates for the 2019 general election, Ojopi was not nominated for a second term. In fact, in the final stretch of the campaign, Ojopi aligned himself with a faction of the MNR in Pando that broke away from the party's presidential candidate Virginio Lema and endorsed the candidacy of Carlos Mesa, whom they viewed as better positioned to defeat the MAS.

Commission assignments

• Plural Economy, Production, and Industry Commission
  • Community Economics and Social Cooperatives Committee (Secretary; 2015–2016)
  • Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Committee (2019–2020)
• Planning, Economic Policy, and Finance Commission
  • Financial, Monetary, and Insurance Policy Committee (Secretary; 2016–2017, 2018–2019)
• Rural Native Indigenous Peoples and Nations, Cultures, and Interculturality Commission
  • Coca Leaf Committee (2017–2018)

Electoral history

References

Notes

1. Such assertions, according to sociologists Cecilia Quiroga and Moira Zuazo, were common among many affluent sectors of the lowland departments, reflecting their readiness to "escape the stigma of being Indian in a racist society" through the "mask of mestizaje", opening avenues for greater social mobility and career opportunity.
2. ^ Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.

Footnotes

1. ^ Zuazo Oblitas & Quiroga San Martín 2011, pp. 165, 213.
2. ^ Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 420.
3. Romero Ballivián 2018, pp. 342–343, 420.
4. Zuazo Oblitas & Quiroga San Martín 2011, pp. 241–242.
5. "Diputado Ojopi sugiere anular la ley que obliga a funcionarios públicos saber un idioma nativo". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 9 January 2019. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
6. Coca Suárez Arana 2018, p. 91.
7. Coca Suárez Arana 2018, p. 118.
8. Vacaflor, Nancy (4 February 2015). "El MNR divide a la oposición y se desmarca de Unidad Demócrata". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
9. Coca Suárez Arana 2018, pp. 120–121.
10. "El MNR en Pando anuncia su respaldo a Mesa". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 10 September 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
11. "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2015–2016". diputados.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Deputies. 29 January 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
12. "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2019–2020". diptuados.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Deputies. 24 January 2019. Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
13. Chamber of Deputies (27 January 2016). "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2016–2017" (Tweet) (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022 – via Twitter.
14. "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2018–2019". diputados.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Deputies. 1 February 2018. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
15. Chamber of Deputies (31 January 2017). "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2017–2018" (Tweet) (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022 – via Twitter.
16. "Elecciones Constituyentes 2006 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
17. "Elecciones Municipales 2010 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
18. "Elecciones Generales 2014 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 5 June 2022.

Bibliography

• Enciclopedia Histórica Documental del Proceso Constituyente Boliviano: Preámbulo (PDF) (in Spanish). La Paz: Vicepresidencia del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. 2011. p. 63. ISBN 978-99954-735-8-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
• Coca Suárez Arana, Paúl Antonio (2018). Manual Político para las Elecciones Generales 2019, y Elecciones Subnacionales 2020 (in Spanish). La Paz.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Zuazo Oblitas, Moira; Quiroga San Martín, Cecilia, eds. (2011). Lo que Unos No Quieren Recordar es lo que Otros No Pueden Olvidar: Asamblea Constituyente, Descolonización, e Interculturalidad (PDF) (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). La Paz: Fundación Friedrich Ebert. OCLC 824357874.
• Romero Ballivián, Salvador (2018). Quiroga Velasco, Camilo Sergio (ed.). Diccionario Biográfico de Parlamentarios 1979–2019 (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). La Paz: Fundación de Apoyo al Parlamento y la Participación Ciudadana; Fundación Konrad Adenauer. p. 420. ISBN 978-99974-0-021-5. OCLC 876429743 – via ResearchGate.

External links

• Parliamentary profile Office of the Vice President (in Spanish).
• Parliamentary profile Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 August 2020.

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