Mildred Dresselhaus - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from Millie Dresselhaus) American physicist and nanotechnologist (1930–2017)

Mildred Dresselhaus
Dresselhaus at the White House in 2012
Born	Mildred Spiewak (1930-11-11)November 11, 1930 Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Died	February 20, 2017(2017-02-20) (aged 86) Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
Alma mater	Hunter College Cambridge University Radcliffe College University of Chicago
Known for	Carbon nanotubes
Spouses	Frederick Reif (divorced) Gene Dresselhaus (m. 1958)
Awards	National Medal of Science (1990) IEEE Founders Medal (2004) Heinz Award in Technology, Economy, and Employment (2005) Harold Pender Award (2006) Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize (2008) Oersted Medal (2008) Vannevar Bush Award (2009) Enrico Fermi Award (2012) Kavli Prize in Nanoscience (2012) Presidential Medal of Freedom (2014)
Scientific career
Fields	Applied physics
Institutions	Cornell MIT
Doctoral advisor	Enrico Fermi
Doctoral students	Greg Timp Nai-Chang Yeh Deborah Chung

Mildred Dresselhaus (née Spiewak; November 11, 1930 – February 20, 2017), known as the "Queen of Carbon Science", was an American physicist, materials scientist, and nanotechnologist. She was an institute professor and professor of both physics and electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She also served as the president of the American Physical Society, the chair of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as well as the director of science in the US Department of Energy under the Bill Clinton Government. Dresselhaus won numerous awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, the Enrico Fermi Award, the Kavli Prize and the Vannevar Bush Award.

Early life and education

Dresselhaus was born on November 11, 1930, in Brooklyn, New York City, the daughter of Ethel (Teichtheil) and Meyer Spiewak, who were Polish Jewish immigrants. Her family was heavily affected by the Great Depression so from a young age Dresselhaus helped provide income for the family by doing piecework assembly tasks at home and by working in a zipper factory during the summer. As a grade school student, Dresselhaus' first 'teaching job' was tutoring a special-needs student for fifty cents a week, and she learned how to be a good teacher.

Dresselhaus credited New York's free museums, including the American Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, with sparking her interest in science. She and her brother, Irving Spiewak, were scholarship students at the Greenwich House Music School which introduced her to a different world of musical, artistic and intellectual leanings.

Dresselhaus was raised and attended grade school in the Bronx. Her older brother informed her of the opportunity to apply to Hunter College High School, where she excelled and gained practice as a teacher by tutoring fellow students.

Experience at Hunter College

Dresselhaus attended Hunter College in New York. Traditionally a women's college, during Dresselhaus's time as a student there, Hunter College's Bronx campus opened itself to a flood of male G.I. Bill beneficiaries. Dresselhaus later explained:

The boys in the science classes were toward the bottom of the class... They always used to come to me for help.... That might be somewhat significant in my story, because I never got the idea in college that science was a man's profession.

While attending Hunter, one of her professors, and future Nobel-Prize-winner Rosalyn Yalow took interest in Dresselhaus and encouraged her to apply for graduate fellowships and pursue a career in physics. Dresselhaus graduated with her undergraduate degree in liberal arts in 1951.

After college

She carried out postgraduate study at the University of Cambridge on a Fulbright Fellowship and received her MA from Radcliffe College. She received a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1958 where she studied under Nobel laureate Enrico Fermi. She then spent two years at Cornell University as a postdoc before moving to Lincoln Lab as a staff member.

Career and legacy

Dresselhaus had a 57-year career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She became the Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Visiting Professor of electrical engineering at MIT in 1967, became a tenured faculty member in 1968, and became a professor of physics in 1983. In 1985, she was appointed the first female institute professor at MIT. In 1994, Dresselhaus was one of 16 women faculty in the School of Science at MIT who drafted and co-signed a letter to the then-Dean of Science (now Chancellor of Berkeley) Robert Birgeneau, which started a campaign to highlight and challenge gender discrimination at MIT.

As the exotic compounds she studied became increasingly relevant to modern science and engineering, she was uniquely positioned to become a world-leading expert and write one of the standard textbooks. Her groundwork in the field led to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov isolating and characterizing graphene, for which they were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize.

Dresselhaus was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1990 in recognition of her work on electronic properties of materials as well as expanding the opportunities of women in science and engineering. In 2005 she was awarded the 11th Annual Heinz Award in the category of Technology, the Economy and Employment. In 2008, she was awarded the Oersted Medal. In 2012, she was co-recipient of the Enrico Fermi Award, along with Burton Richter, and was awarded the Kavli Prize "for her pioneering contributions to the study of phonons, electron-phonon interactions, and thermal transport in nanostructures." In 2014, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and was inducted into the US National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2014. In 2015, she received the IEEE Medal of Honor.

In 2000–2001, she was the director of the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy. From 2003 to 2008, she was the chair of the governing board of the American Institute of Physics. She also has served as president of the American Physical Society (APS), the first female president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and treasurer of the National Academy of Sciences.

Her former students include such notable materials scientists as Deborah Chung, and physicists as Nai-Chang Yeh and Greg Timp.

There are several physical theories named after Dresselhaus. The Hicks-Dresselhaus Model (L. D. Hicks and Dresselhaus) is the first basic model for low-dimensional thermoelectrics, which initiated the whole band field. The Saito-Fujita-Dresselhaus Model (Riichiro Saito, Mitsutaka Fujita, Gene Dresselhaus, and Mildred Dresselhaus) first predicted the band structures of carbon nanotubes. The Dresselhaus effect refers, however, to the spin–orbit interaction effect modeled by Gene Dresselhaus, Mildred Dresselhaus's husband.

Dresselhaus devoted a great deal of time to supporting efforts to promote increased participation of women in physics. In 1971, Dresselhaus and a colleague organized the first Women's Forum at MIT as a seminar exploring the roles of women in science and engineering. In honor of her legacy, the APS created the Millie Dresselhaus Fund to support women in physics. Dresselhaus was the face of a 2017 General Electric television advertisement which asked the question "What if female scientists were celebrities?" aimed to increase the number of women in STEM roles in its ranks.

In 2019, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Board of Directors created the IEEE Mildred Dresselhaus Medal, awarded annually "for outstanding technical contributions in science and engineering, of great impact to IEEE fields of interest."

Oral history interview with Mildred Dresselhaus on the occasion of her winning the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor bestowed by the U.S. government, in 2014

Contributions to scientific knowledge

Dresselhaus was particularly noted for her work on graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and low-dimensional thermoelectrics. Her group made frequent use of electronic band structure, Raman scattering and the photophysics of carbon nanostructures. Her research helped develop technology based on thin graphite which allow electronics to be "everywhere", including clothing and smartphones.

With the appearance of lasers in the 1960s, Dresselhaus started to use lasers for magneto-optics experiments, which later led to the creation of a new model for the electronic structure of graphite. A great part of her research dedicates to the study of 'buckyballs' and graphene focusing a great deal in the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes and enhancing thermoelectric properties of nanowires.

Personal life

Her first husband was physicist Frederick Reif. She remarried in 1958 to Gene Dresselhaus who became a well known theoretician and discoverer of the Dresselhaus effect. They had four children – Marianne, Carl, Paul, and Eliot – and five grandchildren.

Honors and awards

Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science from the ETH Zurich, 2015
IEEE Medal of Honor, 2015 (first female recipient)
National Inventors Hall of Fame induction 2014
Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2014
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 2013
Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society, 2013
Kavli Prize in Nanoscience, 2012
Enrico Fermi Award (second female recipient), 2012
Vannevar Bush Award (second female recipient), 2009
ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences, 2009
Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize, American Physical Society, 2008
Oersted Medal, 2007
L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science, 2007
Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment, 2005
IEEE Founders Medal Recipients, 2004
Karl Taylor Compton Medal for Leadership in Physics, American Institute of Physics, 2001
Medal of Achievement in Carbon Science and Technology, American Carbon Society, 2001
Honorary member of the Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2000
National Materials Advancement Award of the Federation of Materials Societies, 2000
Honorary doctorate from the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, February 2000
Nicholson Medal, American Physical Society, March 2000
Weizmann Institute's Millennial Lifetime Achievement Award, June 2000
SGL Carbon Award, American Carbon Society, 1997
Member of the American Philosophical Society, 1995
Honorary Doctorate of Science, Princeton University, 1992
National Medal of Science, 1990
Member of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), 1985
Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1974
Society of Women Engineers Achievement Award, 1977
Fellow, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters

Selected publications

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Steinbeck, J.; Braunstein, G.; Speck, J.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Huang, C. Y.; Malvezzi, A. M.; Bloembergen, N. (1986). "Analysis of Picosecond Pulsed Laser Melted Graphite". MRS Proceedings. 74. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1557/proc-74-263. ISSN 0272-9172.
di Vittorio, S.L.; Dresselhaus, M.S.; Endo, M.; Issi, J-P.; Piraux, L. (July 1, 1990). The transport properties of activated carbon fibers (Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). doi:10.2172/6882792.
Kuriyama, K.; Dresselhaus, M.S. (1991). "Photoconductivity of activated carbon fibers". Journal of Materials Research. 6 (5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1040–1047. Bibcode:1991JMatR...6.1040K. doi:10.1557/jmr.1991.1040. ISSN 0884-2914. S2CID 94864974.
Farmer, J.C.; Barbee, T.W. Jr.; Chapline, G.C. Jr.; Olsen, M.L.; Foreman, R.J.; Summers, L.J.; Dresselhaus, M.S.; Hicks, L.D. (January 20, 1995). Synthesis and evaluation of single layer, bilayer, and multilayer thermoelectric thin films (Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). doi:10.2172/93595.
M. S. Dresselhaus & P. C. Eklund (2000). "Phonons in carbon nanotubes" (PDF). Advances in Physics. 49 (6): 705. Bibcode:2000AdPhy..49..705D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.170.631. doi:10.1080/000187300413184. S2CID 122447852. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
Dresselhaus, M.S.; Samsonidze, Ge.G.; Chou, S.G.; Dresselhaus, G.; Jiang, J.; Saito, R.; Jorio, A. (2005). "Recent advances in carbon nanotube photophysics". Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. 29 (3–4): 443–446. Bibcode:2005PhyE...29..443D. doi:10.1016/j.physe.2005.06.007.
M. S. Dresselhaus & G. Dresselhaus (2002). "Intercalation Compounds of Graphite" (PDF). Advances in Physics. 51 (1): 1. Bibcode:2002AdPhy..51....1D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.170.2655. doi:10.1080/00018730110113644. S2CID 123597602. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Big Opportunities for Small Objects". Materials Today. 5 (11): 48. doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(02)01164-1.
M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus and A. Jorio (2004). "Unusual Properties and Structures of Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). Annual Review of Materials Research. 34 (1): 247. Bibcode:2004AnRMS..34..247D. doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.34.040203.114607. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2006.
M. S. Dresselhaus; G. Dresselhaus; R. Saito; A. Jorio (2005). "Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). Physics Reports. 409 (2): 47. Bibcode:2005PhR...409...47D. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.10.006. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
M. S. Dresselhaus & H. Dai (2004). "Carbon Nanotubes: Continued Innovations and Challenges". MRS Bulletin. 29 (4): 237. doi:10.1557/mrs2004.74.
J. Heremans & M. S. Dresselhaus (2005). "Low Dimensional Thermoelectricity" (PDF). CRC Handbook - Molecular and Nano-electronics: Concepts, Challenges, and Designs. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
M. S. Dresselhaus, R. Saito and A. Jorio (2004). "Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). Proceedings of ICPS-27. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
S. G. Chou; F. Plentz-Filho; J. Jiang; R. Saito; D. Nezich; H. B. Ribeiro; A. Jorio; M. A. Pimenta; G. Samsonidze; A. P. Santos; M. Zheng; G. B. Onoa; E. D. Semke; G. Dresselhaus; M. S. Dresselhaus (2005). "Photo-excited Electron Relaxation Process Observed in Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of DNA-wrapped Carbon Nanotube". Physical Review Letters. 94 (12): 127402. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..94l7402C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.127402. PMID 15903960.
M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Nanotubes: a step in synthesis". Nature Materials. 3 (10): 665–6. Bibcode:2004NatMa...3..665D. doi:10.1038/nmat1232. PMID 15467687. S2CID 29431916.
M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Applied Physics: Nanotube Antennas". Nature Materials. 432 (7020): 959–60. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..959D. doi:10.1038/432959a. PMID 15616541. S2CID 37208770.
S. B. Fagan; A. G. Souza-Filho; J. Mendes-Filho; P. Corio; M. S. Dresselhaus (2005). "Electronic Properties of Ag- and CrO3-filled Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). Chemical Physics Letters. 406 (1–3): 54. Bibcode:2005CPL...406...54F. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2005.02.091. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
Y. A. Kim; H. Muramatsu; T. Hayashi; M. Endo; M. Terrones; M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Thermal Stability and Structural Changes of Double-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Heat Treatment" (PDF). Chemical Physics Letters. 398 (1–3): 87. Bibcode:2004CPL...398...87K. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.024. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
G. Samsonidze; R. Saito; N. Kobayashi; A. Gruneis; J. Jiang; A. Jorio; S. G. Chou; G. Dresselhaus; M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Family Behavior of the Optical Transition Energies in Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes of Smaller Diameters" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 85 (23): 5703. Bibcode:2004ApPhL..85.5703S. doi:10.1063/1.1829160. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2006.
S. G. Chou; H. B. Ribeiro; E. Barros; A. P. Santos; D. Nezich; G. Samsonidze; C. Fantini; M. A. Pimenta; A. Jorio; F. Pletz-Filho; M. S. Dresselhaus; G. Dresselhaus; R. Saito; M. Zheng; G. B. Onoa; E. D. Semke; A. K. Swan; B. B. Goldberg; M. S. Unlu (2004). "Optical Characterization of DNA-wrapped Carbon Nanotube Hybrids" (PDF). Chemical Physics Letters. 397 (4–6): 296. Bibcode:2004CPL...397..296C. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.117. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2006.
E. I. Rogacheva; O. N. Nashchekina; A. V. Meriuts; S. G. Lyubchenko; O. Vekhov; M. S. Dresselhaus; G. Dresselhaus (2005). "Quantum Size Effects in PbTe/SnTe/PbTe Heterostructures". Applied Physics Letters. 86 (6): 063103. Bibcode:2005ApPhL..86f3103R. doi:10.1063/1.1862338.
H. Son; Y. Hori; S. G. Chou; D. Nezich; G. Samsonidze; E. Barros; G. Dresselhaus; M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Environment Effects on the Raman Spectra of Individual Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes: Suspended and Grown on Polycrystalline Silicon" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 85 (20): 4744. Bibcode:2004ApPhL..85.4744S. doi:10.1063/1.1818739. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
C. Fantini; A. Jorio; M. Souza; A. J. Mai Jr.; M. S. Strano; M. A. Pimenta; M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Optical Transition Energies and Radial Breathing Modes for HiPco Carbon Nanotubes from Raman Spectroscopy" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 93 (14): 147406. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..93n7406F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.147406. PMID 15524844. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
S. B. Cronin; A. K. Swan; M. S. Unlu; B. B. Goldberg; M. S. Dresselhaus; M. Tinkham (2004). "Measuring Uniaxial Strain in Individual Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes: Resonance Raman Spectra of AFM Modified SWNTs" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 93 (16): 167401. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..93p7401C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.167401. PMID 15525030. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2006.

References

Mildred Dresselhaus was elected in 1974 as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering and Materials Engineering for contributions to the experimental studies of metals and semimetals, and to education.
^ MIT News Office (February 21, 2017). "Institute Professor Emerita Mildred Dresselhaus, a pioneer in the electronic properties of materials, dies at 86". MIT News. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
^ Queen of Carbon Science, U.S. News & World Report. By Marlene Cimons, National Science Foundation. July 27, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
^ Natalie Angier (July 2, 2012). "Carbon Catalyst for Half a Century". New York Times. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
Who's who in Frontier Science and Technology. Marquis Who's Who. 1984. ISBN 9780837957012.
^ Martin, Joseph D. (October 2019). "Mildred Dresselhaus and Solid State Pedagogy at MIT". Annalen der Physik. 531 (10): 1900274. Bibcode:2019AnP...53100274M. doi:10.1002/andp.201900274. ISSN 0003-3804. S2CID 202945998.
^ Weinstock, Maia (2022). Carbon Queen: The Remarkable Life of Nanoscience Pioneer Mildred Dresselhaus. The MIT Press. ISBN 9780262046435.
"History of Lehman College". lehman.smartcatalogiq.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
M. S. Dresselhaus, interview with S. Sherkow, 7 and 15 June, 11 and 19 August, 13, 20, 22, 24, and 30 September, and 15 October 1976. MIT Archives and Special Collections, Cambridge, MA, USA 18.
Hagerty, James R. (March 4, 2017). "Millie Dresselhaus Burst Out of the 1940s Mold for Smart Young Women". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
^ "Mildred Dresselhaus: Physicist Burst out of 1940s Mold for Smart Women". Wall Street Journal. March 4, 2017. p. A9. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
Zernike, Kate (2023). The Exceptions: Nancy Hopkins, MIT, and the Fight for Women in Science. New York, NY: Scribner. ISBN 978-1-9821-3183-8.
"80th Birthday Celebration for Mildred Dresselhaus". web.mit.edu. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
"SENATE CONFIRMS DRESSELHAUS AS DIRECTOR OF DOE OFFICE OF SCIENCE". U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. July 27, 2000. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
"NSF and NSB Pay Tribute to Three Top American Scientists and Public Service Awardees at Annual Ceremony". US National Science Foundation (NSF). Retrieved April 18, 2015.
Dresselhaus, M. S. (1996). Science of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Dresselhaus, G.,, Eklund, P. C. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-221820-0. OCLC 162571937.
"Dresselhaus Wins Medal of Science" (Press release). MIT News Office. November 14, 1990. Archived from the original on May 2, 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2007.
"National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science". Retrieved November 24, 2014.
"The Heinz Awards :: Mildred Dresselhaus". heinzawards.net. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
"President Obama Names Scientists Mildred Dresselhaus and Burton Richter as the Enrico Fermi Award Winners". Energy.gov. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
2012 Kavli Prizes/Mildred S. Dresselhaus/2012 Nanoscience Citation Archived October 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Kavli Foundation. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
"Obama awards Presidential Medal of Freedom to 18". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
"Search for Famous Inventors | National Inventors Hall of Fame". www.invent.org. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
Chung, D. D. L. (March 15, 2017). "Mildred S. Dresselhaus (1930–2017)". Nature. 543 (7645): 316. Bibcode:2017Natur.543..316C. doi:10.1038/543316a. PMID 28300109.
Hicks, L. D.; Dresselhaus, M. S. (1993). "Effect of quantum-well structures on the thermoelectric figure of merit". Physical Review B. 47 (19): 12727–12731. Bibcode:1993PhRvB..4712727H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.47.12727. PMID 10005469.
Saito, Riichiro; Fujita, Mitsutaka; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. (July 15, 1992). "Electronic structure of graphene tubules based onC60". Physical Review B. 46 (3). American Physical Society (APS): 1804–1811. Bibcode:1992PhRvB..46.1804S. doi:10.1103/physrevb.46.1804. ISSN 0163-1829. PMID 10003828.
"Millie Dresselhaus Fund for Science & Society". www.aps.org. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
Weil, Martin (February 22, 2017). "Mildred Dresselhaus, physicist dubbed 'queen of carbon science,' dies at 86". Retrieved March 4, 2017.
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Halpern, Jane (November 9, 2021). "Gene Dresselhaus, influential research scientist in solid-state physics, dies at 91". MIT News. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
"Doing the right things". ETH Zurich. November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
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"Group 2: Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics". Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.

External links

Freeview video interview with Mildred Dresslhaus by the Vega Science Trust
Millie Dresselhaus Fund
Homepage
"Mildred Dresselhaus: 1930-2017". American Physical Society. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Archive of Dresselhaus's MIT page
Schatz, George C.; Scholes, Greg D.; Stang, Peter J.; Burrows, Cindy J.; Winnick, Francoise M.; Alivisatos, A. Paul; Lieber, Charles M.; Weiss, Paul S.; Buriak, Jillian M. (June 27, 2017). "Virtual Issue Celebrating the Life and Career of Mildred Dresselhaus". Chemistry of Materials. 29 (12): 5017–5018. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02398. ISSN 0897-4756.
Mildred Dresselhaus Archived December 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America

v t e Presidents of the American Physical Society
1899–1925	Henry Augustus Rowland (1899) Albert A. Michelson (1901) Arthur Gordon Webster (1903) Carl Barus (1905) Edward Leamington Nichols (1907) Henry Crew (1909) William Francis Magie (1911) Benjamin Osgood Peirce (1913) Ernest Merritt (1914) Robert Andrews Millikan (1916) Henry A. Bumstead (1918) Joseph Sweetman Ames (1919) Theodore Lyman (1921) Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (1923) Dayton Miller (1925)
1926–1950	Karl Taylor Compton (1927) Henry Gale (1929) William Francis Gray Swann (1931) Paul D. Foote (1933) Arthur Compton (1934) Robert W. Wood (1935) Floyd K. Richtmyer (1936) Harrison M. Randall (1937) Lyman James Briggs (1938) John Torrence Tate Sr. (1939) John Zeleny (1940) George B. Pegram (1941) George Stewart (1941) Percy Williams Bridgman (1942) Albert W. Hull (1943) Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (1944) Harvey Fletcher (1945) Edward Condon (1946) Lee Alvin DuBridge (1947) J. Robert Oppenheimer (1948) Francis Wheeler Loomis (1949) Isidor Isaac Rabi (1950)
1951–1975	Charles Christian Lauritsen (1951) John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (1952) Enrico Fermi (1953) H. Bethe (1954) Raymond Thayer Birge (1955) E. Wigner (1956) Henry DeWolf Smyth (1957) Jesse Beams (1958) George Uhlenbeck (1959) Victor Weisskopf (1960) Frederick Seitz (1961) William V. Houston (1962) John Harry Williams (1963) Robert Bacher (1964) Felix Bloch (1965) John Archibald Wheeler (1966) Charles H. Townes (1967) John Bardeen (1968) Luis Walter Alvarez (1969) Edward Mills Purcell (1970) Robert Serber (1971) Philip M. Morse (1972) Joseph Edward Mayer (1973) Pief Panofsky (1974) Chien-Shiung Wu (1975)
1976–2000	William A. Fowler (1976) George Pake (1977) Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (1978) Lewis M. Branscomb (1979) Herman Feshbach (1980) Arthur Leonard Schawlow (1981) Maurice Goldhaber (1982) Robert Marshak (1983) Mildred Dresselhaus (1984) Robert R. Wilson (1985) Sidney Drell (1986) Val Logsdon Fitch (1987) James A. Krumhansl (1989) Eugen Merzbacher (1990) Nicolaas Bloembergen (1991) Ernest M. Henley (1992) Donald N. Langenberg (1993) Burton Richter (1994) C. Kumar Patel (1995) J.R. Schrieffer (1996) D. Allan Bromley (1997) Andrew Sessler (1998) Jerome Isaac Friedman (1999) James S. Langer (2000)
2001–	George Trilling (2001) William F. Brinkman (2002) Myriam Sarachik (2003) Helen Quinn (2004) Marvin L. Cohen (2005) John Hopfield (2006) Leo Kadanoff (2007) Arthur Bienenstock (2008) Cherry A. Murray (2009) Curtis Callan (2010) Barry Barish (2011) Robert L. Byer (2012) Michael S. Turner (2013) Malcolm R. Beasley (2014) Sam Aronson (2015) Homer Neal (2016) Laura Greene (2017) Roger Falcone (2018) David Gross (2019) Philip H. Bucksbaum (2020) Sylvester James Gates Jr. (2021) Frances Hellman (2022) Robert Rosner (2023)

Awards and honors for Mildred Dresselhaus

United States National Medal of Science laureates

Behavioral and social science

1960s	1964 Neal Elgar Miller
1980s	1986 Herbert A. Simon 1987 Anne Anastasi George J. Stigler 1988 Milton Friedman
1990s	1990 Leonid Hurwicz Patrick Suppes 1991 George A. Miller 1992 Eleanor J. Gibson 1994 Robert K. Merton 1995 Roger N. Shepard 1996 Paul Samuelson 1997 William K. Estes 1998 William Julius Wilson 1999 Robert M. Solow
2000s	2000 Gary Becker 2003 R. Duncan Luce 2004 Kenneth Arrow 2005 Gordon H. Bower 2008 Michael I. Posner 2009 Mortimer Mishkin
2010s	2011 Anne Treisman 2014 Robert Axelrod 2015 Albert Bandura

Biological sciences

1960s	1963 C. B. van Niel 1964 Theodosius Dobzhansky Marshall W. Nirenberg 1965 Francis P. Rous George G. Simpson Donald D. Van Slyke 1966 Edward F. Knipling Fritz Albert Lipmann William C. Rose Sewall Wright 1967 Kenneth S. Cole Harry F. Harlow Michael Heidelberger Alfred H. Sturtevant 1968 Horace Barker Bernard B. Brodie Detlev W. Bronk Jay Lush Burrhus Frederic Skinner 1969 Robert Huebner Ernst Mayr
1970s	1970 Barbara McClintock Albert B. Sabin 1973 Daniel I. Arnon Earl W. Sutherland Jr. 1974 Britton Chance Erwin Chargaff James V. Neel James Augustine Shannon 1975 Hallowell Davis Paul Gyorgy Sterling B. Hendricks Orville Alvin Vogel 1976 Roger Guillemin Keith Roberts Porter Efraim Racker E. O. Wilson 1979 Robert H. Burris Elizabeth C. Crosby Arthur Kornberg Severo Ochoa Earl Reece Stadtman George Ledyard Stebbins Paul Alfred Weiss
1980s	1981 Philip Handler 1982 Seymour Benzer Glenn W. Burton Mildred Cohn 1983 Howard L. Bachrach Paul Berg Wendell L. Roelofs Berta Scharrer 1986 Stanley Cohen Donald A. Henderson Vernon B. Mountcastle George Emil Palade Joan A. Steitz 1987 Michael E. DeBakey Theodor O. Diener Harry Eagle Har Gobind Khorana Rita Levi-Montalcini 1988 Michael S. Brown Stanley Norman Cohen Joseph L. Goldstein Maurice R. Hilleman Eric R. Kandel Rosalyn Sussman Yalow 1989 Katherine Esau Viktor Hamburger Philip Leder Joshua Lederberg Roger W. Sperry Harland G. Wood
1990s	1990 Baruj Benacerraf Herbert W. Boyer Daniel E. Koshland Jr. Edward B. Lewis David G. Nathan E. Donnall Thomas 1991 Mary Ellen Avery G. Evelyn Hutchinson Elvin A. Kabat Robert W. Kates Salvador Luria Paul A. Marks Folke K. Skoog Paul C. Zamecnik 1992 Maxine Singer Howard Martin Temin 1993 Daniel Nathans Salome G. Waelsch 1994 Thomas Eisner Elizabeth F. Neufeld 1995 Alexander Rich 1996 Ruth Patrick 1997 James Watson Robert A. Weinberg 1998 Bruce Ames Janet Rowley 1999 David Baltimore Jared Diamond Lynn Margulis
2000s	2000 Nancy C. Andreasen Peter H. Raven Carl Woese 2001 Francisco J. Ayala George F. Bass Mario R. Capecchi Ann Graybiel Gene E. Likens Victor A. McKusick Harold Varmus 2002 James E. Darnell Evelyn M. Witkin 2003 J. Michael Bishop Solomon H. Snyder Charles Yanofsky 2004 Norman E. Borlaug Phillip A. Sharp Thomas E. Starzl 2005 Anthony Fauci Torsten N. Wiesel 2006 Rita R. Colwell Nina Fedoroff Lubert Stryer 2007 Robert J. Lefkowitz Bert W. O'Malley 2008 Francis S. Collins Elaine Fuchs J. Craig Venter 2009 Susan L. Lindquist Stanley B. Prusiner
2010s	2010 Ralph L. Brinster Rudolf Jaenisch 2011 Lucy Shapiro Leroy Hood Sallie Chisholm 2012 May Berenbaum Bruce Alberts 2013 Rakesh K. Jain 2014 Stanley Falkow Mary-Claire King Simon Levin

Chemistry

1960s	1964 Roger Adams
1980s	1982 F. Albert Cotton Gilbert Stork 1983 Roald Hoffmann George C. Pimentel Richard N. Zare 1986 Harry B. Gray Yuan Tseh Lee Carl S. Marvel Frank H. Westheimer 1987 William S. Johnson Walter H. Stockmayer Max Tishler 1988 William O. Baker Konrad E. Bloch Elias J. Corey 1989 Richard B. Bernstein Melvin Calvin Rudolph A. Marcus Harden M. McConnell
1990s	1990 Elkan Blout Karl Folkers John D. Roberts 1991 Ronald Breslow Gertrude B. Elion Dudley R. Herschbach Glenn T. Seaborg 1992 Howard E. Simmons Jr. 1993 Donald J. Cram Norman Hackerman 1994 George S. Hammond 1995 Thomas Cech Isabella L. Karle 1996 Norman Davidson 1997 Darleane C. Hoffman Harold S. Johnston 1998 John W. Cahn George M. Whitesides 1999 Stuart A. Rice John Ross Susan Solomon
2000s	2000 John D. Baldeschwieler Ralph F. Hirschmann 2001 Ernest R. Davidson Gábor A. Somorjai 2002 John I. Brauman 2004 Stephen J. Lippard 2005 Tobin J. Marks 2006 Marvin H. Caruthers Peter B. Dervan 2007 Mostafa A. El-Sayed 2008 Joanna Fowler JoAnne Stubbe 2009 Stephen J. Benkovic Marye Anne Fox
2010s	2010 Jacqueline K. Barton Peter J. Stang 2011 Allen J. Bard M. Frederick Hawthorne 2012 Judith P. Klinman Jerrold Meinwald 2013 Geraldine L. Richmond 2014 A. Paul Alivisatos

Engineering sciences

1960s	1962 Theodore von Kármán 1963 Vannevar Bush John Robinson Pierce 1964 Charles S. Draper Othmar H. Ammann 1965 Hugh L. Dryden Clarence L. Johnson Warren K. Lewis 1966 Claude E. Shannon 1967 Edwin H. Land Igor I. Sikorsky 1968 J. Presper Eckert Nathan M. Newmark 1969 Jack St. Clair Kilby
1970s	1970 George E. Mueller 1973 Harold E. Edgerton Richard T. Whitcomb 1974 Rudolf Kompfner Ralph Brazelton Peck Abel Wolman 1975 Manson Benedict William Hayward Pickering Frederick E. Terman Wernher von Braun 1976 Morris Cohen Peter C. Goldmark Erwin Wilhelm Müller 1979 Emmett N. Leith Raymond D. Mindlin Robert N. Noyce Earl R. Parker Simon Ramo
1980s	1982 Edward H. Heinemann Donald L. Katz 1983 Bill Hewlett George Low John G. Trump 1986 Hans Wolfgang Liepmann Tung-Yen Lin Bernard M. Oliver 1987 Robert Byron Bird H. Bolton Seed Ernst Weber 1988 Daniel C. Drucker Willis M. Hawkins George W. Housner 1989 Harry George Drickamer Herbert E. Grier
1990s	1990 Mildred Dresselhaus Nick Holonyak Jr. 1991 George H. Heilmeier Luna B. Leopold H. Guyford Stever 1992 Calvin F. Quate John Roy Whinnery 1993 Alfred Y. Cho 1994 Ray W. Clough 1995 Hermann A. Haus 1996 James L. Flanagan C. Kumar N. Patel 1998 Eli Ruckenstein 1999 Kenneth N. Stevens
2000s	2000 Yuan-Cheng B. Fung 2001 Andreas Acrivos 2002 Leo Beranek 2003 John M. Prausnitz 2004 Edwin N. Lightfoot 2005 Jan D. Achenbach 2006 Robert S. Langer 2007 David J. Wineland 2008 Rudolf E. Kálmán 2009 Amnon Yariv
2010s	2010 Shu Chien 2011 John B. Goodenough 2012 Thomas Kailath

Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences

1960s	1963 Norbert Wiener 1964 Solomon Lefschetz H. Marston Morse 1965 Oscar Zariski 1966 John Milnor 1967 Paul Cohen 1968 Jerzy Neyman 1969 William Feller
1970s	1970 Richard Brauer 1973 John Tukey 1974 Kurt Gödel 1975 John W. Backus Shiing-Shen Chern George Dantzig 1976 Kurt Otto Friedrichs Hassler Whitney 1979 Joseph L. Doob Donald E. Knuth
1980s	1982 Marshall H. Stone 1983 Herman Goldstine Isadore Singer 1986 Peter Lax Antoni Zygmund 1987 Raoul Bott Michael Freedman 1988 Ralph E. Gomory Joseph B. Keller 1989 Samuel Karlin Saunders Mac Lane Donald C. Spencer
1990s	1990 George F. Carrier Stephen Cole Kleene John McCarthy 1991 Alberto Calderón 1992 Allen Newell 1993 Martin David Kruskal 1994 John Cocke 1995 Louis Nirenberg 1996 Richard Karp Stephen Smale 1997 Shing-Tung Yau 1998 Cathleen Synge Morawetz 1999 Felix Browder Ronald R. Coifman
2000s	2000 John Griggs Thompson Karen Uhlenbeck 2001 Calyampudi R. Rao Elias M. Stein 2002 James G. Glimm 2003 Carl R. de Boor 2004 Dennis P. Sullivan 2005 Bradley Efron 2006 Hyman Bass 2007 Leonard Kleinrock Andrew J. Viterbi 2009 David B. Mumford
2010s	2010 Richard A. Tapia S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan 2011 Solomon W. Golomb Barry Mazur 2012 Alexandre Chorin David Blackwell 2013 Michael Artin

Physical sciences

1960s	1963 Luis W. Alvarez 1964 Julian Schwinger Harold Urey Robert Burns Woodward 1965 John Bardeen Peter Debye Leon M. Lederman William Rubey 1966 Jacob Bjerknes Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Henry Eyring John H. Van Vleck Vladimir K. Zworykin 1967 Jesse Beams Francis Birch Gregory Breit Louis Hammett George Kistiakowsky 1968 Paul Bartlett Herbert Friedman Lars Onsager Eugene Wigner 1969 Herbert C. Brown Wolfgang Panofsky
1970s	1970 Robert H. Dicke Allan R. Sandage John C. Slater John A. Wheeler Saul Winstein 1973 Carl Djerassi Maurice Ewing Arie Jan Haagen-Smit Vladimir Haensel Frederick Seitz Robert Rathbun Wilson 1974 Nicolaas Bloembergen Paul Flory William Alfred Fowler Linus Carl Pauling Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer 1975 Hans A. Bethe Joseph O. Hirschfelder Lewis Sarett Edgar Bright Wilson Chien-Shiung Wu 1976 Samuel Goudsmit Herbert S. Gutowsky Frederick Rossini Verner Suomi Henry Taube George Uhlenbeck 1979 Richard P. Feynman Herman Mark Edward M. Purcell John Sinfelt Lyman Spitzer Victor F. Weisskopf
1980s	1982 Philip W. Anderson Yoichiro Nambu Edward Teller Charles H. Townes 1983 E. Margaret Burbidge Maurice Goldhaber Helmut Landsberg Walter Munk Frederick Reines Bruno B. Rossi J. Robert Schrieffer 1986 Solomon J. Buchsbaum H. Richard Crane Herman Feshbach Robert Hofstadter Chen-Ning Yang 1987 Philip Abelson Walter Elsasser Paul C. Lauterbur George Pake James A. Van Allen 1988 D. Allan Bromley Paul Ching-Wu Chu Walter Kohn Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. Jack Steinberger 1989 Arnold O. Beckman Eugene Parker Robert Sharp Henry Stommel
1990s	1990 Allan M. Cormack Edwin M. McMillan Robert Pound Roger Revelle 1991 Arthur L. Schawlow Ed Stone Steven Weinberg 1992 Eugene M. Shoemaker 1993 Val Fitch Vera Rubin 1994 Albert Overhauser Frank Press 1995 Hans Dehmelt Peter Goldreich 1996 Wallace S. Broecker 1997 Marshall Rosenbluth Martin Schwarzschild George Wetherill 1998 Don L. Anderson John N. Bahcall 1999 James Cronin Leo Kadanoff
2000s	2000 Willis E. Lamb Jeremiah P. Ostriker Gilbert F. White 2001 Marvin L. Cohen Raymond Davis Jr. Charles Keeling 2002 Richard Garwin W. Jason Morgan Edward Witten 2003 G. Brent Dalrymple Riccardo Giacconi 2004 Robert N. Clayton 2005 Ralph A. Alpher Lonnie Thompson 2006 Daniel Kleppner 2007 Fay Ajzenberg-Selove Charles P. Slichter 2008 Berni Alder James E. Gunn 2009 Yakir Aharonov Esther M. Conwell Warren M. Washington
2010s	2011 Sidney Drell Sandra Faber Sylvester James Gates 2012 Burton Richter Sean C. Solomon 2014 Shirley Ann Jackson

v t e IEEE Founders Medal
1953–1975	David Sarnoff (1953) Alfred Norton Goldsmith (1954) No award (1955) No award (1956) Raymond A. Heising (1957) Walter Ransom Gail Baker (1958) No award (1959) Haraden Pratt (1960) Ralph Bown (1961) No award (1962) Frederick Terman (1963) Andrew McNaughton (1964) No award (1965) Elmer William Engstrom (1966) Harvey Fletcher (1967) Patrick E. Haggerty (1968) E. Finley Carter (1969) Morris D. Hooven (1970) Ernst Weber (1971) Masaru Ibuka (1972) Bill Hewlett and David Packard (1973) Lawrence A. Hyland (1974) John G. Brainerd (1975)
1976–2000	Edward W. Herold (1976) Jerome Wiesner (1977) Donald G. Fink (1978) Hanzo Omi (1979) Simon Ramo (1980) James Hillier (1981) Shigeru Yonezawa (1982) Joseph M. Pettit (1983) Koji Kobayashi (1984) William Norris (1985) George H. Heilmeier (1986) James B. Owens (1987) Ian Munro Ross (1988) Ivan A. Getting (1989) Erich Bloch (1990) Irwin Dorros (1991) Roland W. Schmitt (1992) Ken Olsen (1993) Akio Morita (1994) Malcolm R. Currie (1995) Norman R. Augustine (1996) Gordon Moore (1997) Alan W. Rudge (1998) Benjamin M. Rosen (1999) Bob Galvin (2000)
2001–present	Robert A. Frosch (2001) Thomas Eugene Everhart (2002) Ray Stata (2003) Mildred Dresselhaus (2004) Eugene Wong (2005) Toshiharu Aoki (2006) Anita K. Jones (2007) Steven Sample (2008) Craig Barrett (2009) Paul E. Gray (2010) James F. Gibbons (2011) F. C. Kohli (2012) Leo Beranek (2013) Eric Schmidt (2014) James Plummer (2015) No award (2016) Takeo Kanade (2017) N. R. Narayana Murthy (2018) Robin Saxby (2019) Jen-Hsun Huang (2020) Henry Samueli (2021) John Brooks Slaughter (2022) Rodney Brooks (2023) Tsu-Jae King Liu (2024) Mung Chiang (2025)

v t e IEEE Medal of Honor
1917–1925	Edwin H. Armstrong (1917) Ernst Alexanderson (1919) Guglielmo Marconi (1920) Reginald A. Fessenden (1921) Lee De Forest (1922) John Stone Stone (1923) Michael I. Pupin (1924)
1926–1950	Greenleaf W. Pickard (1926) Louis W. Austin (1927) Jonathan Zenneck (1928) George W. Pierce (1929) Peder Oluf Pedersen (1930) Gustave A. Ferrie (1931) Arthur Edwin Kennelly (1932) John Ambrose Fleming (1933) Stanford C. Hooper (1934) Balthasar van der Pol (1935) George Ashley Campbell (1936) Melville Eastham (1937) John H. Dellinger (1938) Albert G. Lee (1939) Lloyd Espenschied (1940) Alfred N. Goldsmith (1941) Albert H. Taylor (1942) William Wilson (1943) Haraden Pratt (1944) Harold H. Beverage (1945) Ralph Hartley (1946) Lawrence C. F. Horle (1948) Ralph Bown (1949) Frederick Terman (1950)
1951–1975	Vladimir Zworykin (1951) Walter Ransom Gail Baker (1952) John Milton Miller (1953) William Littell Everitt (1954) Harald T. Friis (1955) John V. L. Hogan (1956) Julius Adams Stratton (1957) Albert Hull (1958) Emory Leon Chaffee (1959) Harry Nyquist (1960) Ernst Guillemin (1961) Edward Victor Appleton (1962) George C. Southworth and John Hays Hammond Jr. (1963) Harold A. Wheeler (1964) No award (1965) Claude Elwood Shannon (1966) Charles H. Townes (1967) Gordon K. Teal (1968) Edward Ginzton (1969) Dennis Gabor (1970) John Bardeen (1971) Jay W. Forester (1972) Rudolf Kompfner (1973) Rudolf Kalman (1974) John Robinson Pierce (1975)
1976–2000	No award (1976) H. Earle Vaughan (1977) Robert Noyce (1978) Richard Bellman (1979) William Shockley (1980) Sidney Darlington (1981) John Tukey (1982) Nicolaas Bloembergen (1983) Norman F. Ramsey (1984) John Roy Whinnery (1985) Jack Kilby (1986) Paul Lauterbur (1987) Calvin Quate (1988) C. Kumar Patel (1989) Robert G. Gallager (1990) Leo Esaki (1991) Amos E. Joel, Jr. (1992) Karl Johan Åström (1993) Alfred Y. Cho (1994) Lotfi A. Zadeh (1995) Robert Metcalfe (1996) George H. Heilmeier (1997) Donald Pederson (1998) Charles Concordia (1999) Andrew Grove (2000)
2001–present	Herwig Kogelnik (2001) Herbert Kroemer (2002) Nick Holonyak (2003) Tadahiro Sekimoto (2004) James Flanagan (2005) James D. Meindl (2006) Thomas Kailath (2007) Gordon Moore (2008) Robert H. Dennard (2009) Andrew Viterbi (2010) Morris Chang (2011) John L. Hennessy (2012) Irwin M. Jacobs (2013) B. Jayant Baliga (2014) Mildred Dresselhaus (2015) G. David Forney, Jr. (2016) Kornelis (Kees) A. Schouhamer Immink (2017) Bradford W. Parkinson (2018) Kurt E. Petersen (2019) Chenming Hu (2020) Jacob Ziv (2021)

v t e Kavli Prize laureates
Astrophysics	Maarten Schmidt, Donald Lynden-Bell (2008) Jerry E. Nelson, Raymond N. Wilson, Roger Angel (2010) David C. Jewitt, Jane Luu, Michael E. Brown (2012) Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, Alexei Starobinsky (2014) Ronald Drever, Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss (2016) Ewine van Dishoeck (2018) Andrew Fabian (2020) Roger Ulrich, Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard, Conny Aerts (2022) Sara Seager, David Charbonneau (2024)
Nanoscience	Louis E. Brus, Sumio Iijima (2008) Donald Eigler, Nadrian Seeman (2010) Mildred Dresselhaus (2012) Thomas Ebbesen, Stefan Hell, John Pendry (2014) Gerd Binnig, Christoph Gerber, Calvin Quate (2016) Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna, Virginijus Šikšnys (2018) Harald Rose, Maximilian Haider, Knut Urban, Ondrej Krivanek (2020) Jacob Sagiv, Ralph G. Nuzzo, David L. Allara, George M. Whitesides (2022) Robert S. Langer, Armand Paul Alivisatos, Chad A. Mirkin (2024)
Neuroscience	Sten Grillner, Thomas Jessell, Pasko Rakic (2008) Richard Scheller, Thomas C. Südhof, James Rothman (2010) Cornelia Bargmann, Winfried Denk, Ann Graybiel (2012) Brenda Milner, John O'Keefe, Marcus Raichle (2014) Eve Marder, Michael Merzenich, Carla J. Shatz (2016) A. James Hudspeth, Robert Fettiplace, Christine Petit (2018) David Julius, Ardem Patapoutian (2020) Jean-Louis Mandel, Harry T. Orr, Christopher A. Walsh, Huda Zoghbi (2022) Nancy Kanwisher, Winrich Freiwald, Doris Ying Tsao (2024)

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