Haul trucks are off-road, heavy-duty dump trucks specifically engineered for use in high-production mining and exceptionally demanding construction environments. Most are dual axle; at least two examples of tri-axles were made in the 1970s. Haul trucks are denominated by their payload capacity, by weight (variously in tons, tonnes, and kg).
Description
Most haul trucks have a two-axle design, but two well-known models from the 1970s, the 350T Terex Titan and 235T WABCO 3200/B, had three axles. Haul truck capacities range from 40 short tons (36.3 t; 35.7 long tons) to nearly 500 short tons (454 t; 446 long tons).
An example on the smaller end is the Caterpillar 775 (rated at 70 short tons ). Quarry operations (which produce payloads that have value) are typically employ smaller trucks than mining operations (such as removing undesirable overburden, an expense).
Haul trucks can generally be distinguished from standard dump trucks by:
- Being far too large to travel legally on public roads
- Having a dump body made of exceptionally strong steel plate that extends over the cab to protect it, angled upright at its end (or entirely) to aid in dumping; some are heated by exhaust gases to prevent loads from sticking or freezing to the bed;
- Having a driver's cab narrower than its body;
- No axle suspension;
- Limited speed and operating range;
- Special off-road only tires;
- A ratio of dead weight to payload not exceeding 1:1.6
Most large haul trucks use some form of traction motors coupled to regenerative brakings for power, braking, or both.
Haul trucks are classified by:
- Type of unloading (dump or rear-eject);
- Direction of discharge (side, rear);
- Type of body (hopper, platform, sliding hopper, sliding platform).
Ultra class
The largest, highest-payload-capacity haul trucks are referred to as ultra class trucks. The ultra class includes all haul trucks with a payload capacity of 300 short tons (270 long tons) or greater. As of October 2013, the BelAZ 75710 has the highest payload capacity, 450 metric tons (440 long tons; 500 short tons).
Notable examples
| image | model | manufacturer | first model |
number built |
capacity | propulsion type | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
BelAZ 75710 | BelAZ | 2013 | 496 short tons (443 long tons) | diesel-electric |
Employs 8 tires, on two axles, with all-wheel drive, and all-wheel steering. | |
|
Liebherr T 282B | Liebherr | 2004 | 400 short tons (360 long tons) | diesel-electric | ||
| Bucyrus MT6300AC | Bucyrus International | 2008 | 400 short tons (360 long tons) | diesel-electric |
Firm was acquired by Caterpillar in 2010. | ||
 |
Caterpillar 797 | Caterpillar | 1997 | 360 short tons (320 long tons) | diesel-mechanical | The 797F model has an increased capacity of 400 short tons. | |
| Komatsu 960E-1 | Komatsu America Corp. | 2008 | 360 short tons (320 long tons) | diesel-electric | |||
 |
Belaz 75600 | BelAZ | 2005 | 350 short tons (310 long tons) | diesel-electric | ||
 |
Terex 33-19 "Titan" | General Motors Diesel Division | 1973 | 1 | 350 short tons (310 long tons) | diesel-electric | Prototype, only 1 built |
 |
Komatsu 930E | Komatsu America Corp. | 1995 | 2,100 | 320 short tons (290 long tons) | diesel-electric | Number built as of September, 2018 |
See also
Notes
- Mining Trucks 789D, cat.com
- Off-Highway Trucks from Caterpillar 2009.
- "CATERPILLAR 775G OFF-HIGHWAY TRUCK". ConstructionEquipment.com. May 16, 2011. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
- Orleman 2000, p. 15.
- Rogan, Alexander (5 March 2013). "BelAZ to build 450-tonne dump truck in 2013". Archived from the original on 28 September 2013.
References
- Orleman, Eric C. (2000-11-10). Johnson, Paul (ed.). Building Giant Earthmovers. Motorbooks Colortech. United States of America: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7603-0640-6. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
The ultra-hauler class includes trucks with a capacity rating of 300 tons and above.
- "Off-Highway Trucks from Caterpillar". Caterpillar Website. Caterpillar Inc. 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-09-24. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
Developed specifically for high production mining and heavy-duty construction applications ...
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