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Mixed-anion compounds

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(Redirected from Mixed anion compounds) Class of chemical compounds

Mixed-anion compounds, heteroanionic materials or mixed-anion materials are chemical compounds containing cations and more than one kind of anion. The compounds contain a single phase, rather than just a mixture.

Use in materials science

By having more than one anion, many more compounds can be made, and properties tuned to desirable values. In terms of optics, properties include phosphorescence, photocatalysis, laser damage threshold, refractive index, birefringence, absorption particularly in the ultraviolet or near infrared, non-linearity. Mechanical properties can include ability to grow a large crystal, ability to form a thin layer, strength, or brittleness.

Thermal properties can include melting point, thermal stability, phase transition temperatures, thermal expansion coefficient.

For electrical properties, electric conductivity, band gap, superconducting transition temperature piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, ferromagnetism, dielectric constant, charge-density wave transition can be adjusted.

Production

Many of the non-metals that could make mixed-anion compounds may have greatly varying volatilities. This makes it more difficult to combine the elements together. Compounds may be produced in a solid state reaction, by heating solids together, either in a vacuum or a gas. Common gases used include, oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia, chlorine, fluorine, hydrogen sulfide, or carbon disulfide. Soft chemical approaches to manufacture include solvothermal synthesis, or substituting atoms in a structure by others, including by water, oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen. Teflon pouches can be used to separate different formulations. Thin film deposits can yield strained layers. High pressures can be used to prevent evaporation of volatiles. High pressure can result in different crystal forms, perhaps with higher coordination number.

Kinds

Elemental

H
B BH B
C CH CB C
N NH NB NC N
O OH OB OC ON O
F FH FB FC FN FO F
Si SiH SiB SiC SiN SiO SiF Si
P PH PB PC PN PO PF PSi P
S SH SB SC SN SO SF SSi SP S
Cl ClH ClB ClC ClN ClO ClF ClSi ClP ClS Cl
Ge GeH GeB GeC GeN GeO GeF GeSi GeP GeS GeCl Ge
As AsH AsB AsC AsN AsO AsF AsSi AsP AsS AsCl AsGe As
Se SeH SeB SeC SeN SeO SeF SeSi SeP SeS SeCl SeGe SeAs Se
Br BrH BrB BrC BrN BrO BrF BrSi BrP BrS BrCl BrGe BrAs BrSe Br
Sb SbH SbB SbC SbN SbO SbF SbSi SbP SbS SbCl SbGe SbAs SbSe SbBr Sb
Te TeH TeB TeC TeN TeO TeF TeSi TeP TeS TeCl TeGe TeAs TeSe TeBr TeSb Te
I IH IB IC IN IO IF ISi IP IS ICl IGe IAs ISe IBr ISb ITe I
Bi BiH BiB BiC BiN BiO BiF BiSi BiP BiS BiCl BiGe BiAs BiSe BiBr BiSb BiTe BiI

Molecular anions

Oxyanions

Fluoroanions

Mixed valency and oligomers

Some elements can form several kinds of anions, and compounds may exist with more than one. Examples include the iodate periodates, sulfite sulfates, selenate selenites, tellurite tellurates, nitrate nitrites, phosphate phosphites, and arsenate arsenites.

These kinds also include different oligomeric forms such as phosphates or fluorotitanates, such as and .

Organic

References

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