Misplaced Pages

Ratko Mladić
Ратко Младић
Mladić at his trial in November 2017
Born	(1942-03-12) 12 March 1942 (age 82) Božanovići, Grand county of Vrhbosna, Independent State of Croatia
Political party	Serb Democratic League of Communists (formerly)
Children	2
Conviction(s)	Genocide War crimes (4 counts) Crimes against humanity (5 counts)
Criminal penalty	Life imprisonment
Details
Country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Military career
Allegiance	Yugoslavia  Serbian Krajina  Republika Srpska
Service / branch	Yugoslav People's Army (until 1992) Army of Republika Srpska (1992–1996)
Years of service	1965–1996
Rank	Colonel-general
Unit	Armored divisions, artillery, special forces
Commands	9th Corps (JNA) 2nd Military District Headquarters (JNA) Chief of the VRS General Staff
Battles / wars	Croatian War of Independence 1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia Siege of Kijevo Operation Coast-91 Battle of Škabrnja Operation Tiger (1992) Operation Storm Bosnian War 1992 Yugoslav campaign in Bosnia Battle of Kupres (1992) Operation Vrbas '92 Operation Corridor Operation Bosanska Krajina Treskavica Front Majevica front (1992–1995) Kalesija and Kamenica offensive Operation Cerska [sr] Brčko offensive Operation Lukavac '93 Operation Star '94 1994 Goražde air strikes Battle of Kupres (1994) Operation "Breza '94" Operation Shield 94 Operation Spider Operation Winter '94 Siege of Sarajevo Siege of Goražde Siege of Srebrenica Siege of Žepa Operation Krivaja '95 Operation Summer '95 Operation Stupčanica '95 Siege of Bihać Operation Majevica Operation Tekbir '95 Operation Deliberate Force 1995 Pale air strikes Operation Sana Operation Prijedor 95
Awards	Order of Brotherhood and Unity (II) Order of Military Merits (III) Order of Military Merits (II) Order of the People's Army (II)

Ratko Mladić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ратко Младић, pronounced [râtko mlǎːdit͡ɕ]; born 12 March 1942) is a Bosnian Serb former military officer and convicted war criminal who led the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) during the Yugoslav Wars. In 2017, he was found guilty of committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). He is serving a life sentence for these crimes in The Hague.

A long-time member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Mladić began his career in the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in 1965. He came to prominence in the Yugoslav Wars, initially as a high-ranking officer of the Yugoslav People's Army and subsequently as the Chief of the General Staff of the Army of Republika Srpska in the Bosnian War of 1992–1995. In July 1996 the Trial Chamber of the ICTY, proceeding in the absence of Mladić under the ICTY's Rule 61, confirmed all counts of the original indictments, finding there were reasonable grounds to believe he had committed the alleged crimes, and issued an international arrest warrant. The Serbian and United States' governments offered €5 million for information leading to Mladić's capture and arrest. Mladić nevertheless managed to remain at large for nearly sixteen years, initially sheltered by Serbian and Bosnian Serb security forces and later by family. On 26 May 2011, he was arrested in Lazarevo, Serbia. His capture was considered to be one of the pre-conditions for Serbia being awarded candidate status for European Union membership.

On 31 May 2011, Mladić was extradited to The Hague, where he was processed at the detention center that holds suspects for the ICTY. His trial formally began in The Hague on 16 May 2012. On 22 November 2017, Mladić was sentenced to life in prison by the ICTY after being found guilty of 10 charges, one of genocide, five of crimes against humanity and four of violations of the laws or customs of war. He was cleared of one count of genocide. As the top military officer with command responsibility, Mladić was deemed by the ICTY to be responsible for both the siege of Sarajevo and the Srebrenica massacre.

Early life and military career

Mladić was born in Božanovići, at the time part of the Independent State of Croatia, on 12 March 1943.

His father, Neđa (1909–1945), was a member of the Yugoslav Partisans. His mother, Stana (née Lalović; 1919–2003), raised her three children; daughter Milica (born 1940), sons Ratko and Milivoje (1944–2001), by herself after the death of her husband in 1945 during World War II. Bosnia and Herzegovina was at the time part of the Independent State of Croatia, a fascist puppet state led by the Croatian Ustaše between 1941 and 1945, installed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy after having invaded and partitioned the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941. Mladić's father Neđa was killed in action (on Mladić's third birthday) while leading a Partisan attack on the home village of Ustaše leader Ante Pavelić in 1945.

Upon finishing elementary school, Mladić worked in Sarajevo as a whitesmith for the Tito Company. He entered the Military Industry School in Zemun in 1961. He then went on to the KOV Military Academy and the Officers Academy thereafter. Upon graduating on 27 September 1965, Mladić began his career in the Yugoslav People's Army. In the same year he joined the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, remaining a member until the party disintegrated in 1990.

Mladić began his first post as an officer in Skopje on 4 November 1965, where he was the commander of and youngest soldier in his unit. Beginning with the rank of second lieutenant in April 1968, he proved himself to be a capable officer, first commanding a platoon (May 1970), then a battalion (27 November 1974), and then a brigade. In September 1976, Mladić began his higher military education at the "Komandno-štabne akademije" in Belgrade, finishing in first place with a grade of 9.57 (out of 10).

On 25 December 1980, Mladić became a lieutenant colonel. Then, on 18 August 1986, he became a colonel, based in Štip. He finished an additional year of military education in September 1986. On 31 January 1989, he was promoted to the head of the Education Department of the Third Military District of Skopje. On 14 January 1991, he was promoted again, to Deputy Commander in Priština.

Role in the Yugoslav Wars

In June 1991, Mladić was promoted to Deputy Commander of the Priština Corps in the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo at a time of high tension between Kosovo Serbs and Kosovo's majority Albanian population. That year, Mladić was given command of the 9th Corps, and led this formation against Croatian forces in Knin, the capital of the self-declared Republic of Serbian Krajina.

On 4 October 1991, Mladić was promoted to major general. The JNA forces under his command participated in the Croatian War, notably during Operation Coast-91 in an attempt to cut off Dalmatia from the rest of Croatia, which resulted in a stalemate (the Croats held the entire coastline near Zadar and Šibenik, and Serb Krajina expanded its territory in the hinterland). Among other early operations, Mladić aided Milan Martić's militia in the 1991 siege of Kijevo and the battle of Zadar.

On 24 April 1992, Mladić was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel general. On 2 May 1992, one month after Bosnia and Hercegovina's declaration of independence, Mladić and his generals blockaded the city of Sarajevo, shutting off all traffic in and out of the city, as well as water and electricity. This began the four-year Siege of Sarajevo, the longest siege of a city in the history of modern warfare. The city was bombarded with shells and sniper shooting. On 9 May 1992, he assumed the post of Chief of Staff/Deputy Commander of the Second Military District Headquarters of the JNA in Sarajevo. The next day, Mladić assumed the command of the Second Military District Headquarters of the JNA. On 12 May 1992, in response to Bosnia's secession from Yugoslavia, the Bosnian Serb Parliament voted to create the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS, in short). At the same time, Mladić was appointed Commander of the Main Staff of the VRS, a position he held until December 1996. During the 16th session of the Bosnian-Serb Assembly on 12 May 1992, Radovan Karadžić announced his "six strategic objectives", including "Demarcation of the state as separate from the other two national communities", "A corridor between Semberija and Krajina" and "Establishment of a corridor in the Drina river valley, and the eradication of the Drina river as a border between the Serbian states." Mladić then said:

There we cannot cleanse nor can we have a sieve to sift so that only Serbs would stay, or that the Serbs would fall through and the rest leave. Well that is, that will not, I do not know how Mr Krajišnik and Mr Karadžić would explain this to the world. People, that would be genocide. We have to call upon any man who has bowed his forehead to the ground to embrace these areas and the territory of the state we plan to make.

In May 1992, after the withdrawal of JNA forces from Bosnia, the JNA Second Military District became the nucleus of the Main Staff of the VRS. On 24 June 1994, he was promoted to the rank of colonel general over approximately 80,000 troops stationed in the area.

In July 1995, troops commanded by Mladić, harried by NATO air strikes intended to force compliance with a UN ultimatum to remove heavy weapons from the Sarajevo area, overran and occupied the UN "safe areas" of Srebrenica and Žepa. At Srebrenica over 40,000 Bosniaks who had sought safety there were expelled. An estimated 8,300 were murdered, on Mladić's order. On 4 August 1995, with a huge Croatian military force poised to attack the Serb-held region in central Croatia, Radovan Karadžić announced he was removing Mladić from his post and assuming personal command of the VRS himself. Karadžić blamed Mladić for the loss of two key Serb towns in western Bosnia that had recently fallen to the Croatian army, and he used the loss of the towns as an excuse to announce his surprising changes in the command structure. Mladić was demoted to an "adviser". He refused to go quietly, claiming the support of both the Bosnian Serb military as well as the people. Karadžić countered by denouncing Mladić as a "madman" and attempting to remove his political rank, but Mladić's obvious popular support forced Karadžić to rescind his order on 11 August. His actions during the war led to many dubbing him "The Butcher of Bosnia".

Several of Mladić's conversations were recorded during the war:

In an intercepted conversation on 23 May 1992, Mladić told Fikret Abdić that he was ‘here for peace’, but threatened reprisal attacks if his demands were not met and stated that he would ‘order the shelling of entire Bihać and it will burn too’. Mladić warned Abdić that ‘he whole of Bosnia will burn if I start to ‘speak’’. Mladić then threatened that the Bosnian leadership, which included Abdić, caused ‘all of this’ and stated that if his demands to Abdić were not met, he would ‘not leave Sarajevo alone as long as anyone’s breathing in it’... Mladić said ‘So, we went slowly to capture these valleys and clean up that Turkish rubble’. Mladić added that he was afraid ‘the guys from down there’ would allow the refugees – whom he described as ‘Turks’ and Croats – to return, stating this was why they ‘should see what we need to do and how to do it’. In another recorded conversation between Mladić and Karadžić on the same day, Mladić stated that he had earlier said to Professor Koljević, ‘fuck the Turks in Žepa, in Srebrenica, in Goražde.

On 8 November 1996, Biljana Plavšić, the president of the Bosnian Serb Republic, dismissed Mladić from his post. He continued to receive a pension until November 2005.

Indictment by the ICTY

On 24 July 1995, Mladić was indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for genocide, crimes against humanity, and numerous war crimes (including crimes relating to the alleged sniping campaign against civilians in Sarajevo). On 16 November 1995, the charges were expanded to include charges of war crimes for the attack on the UN-declared safe area of Srebrenica in July 1995.

A fugitive from the ICTY, he was suspected to be hiding either in Serbia or in Republika Srpska. Mladić was reportedly seen attending a football match between China and Yugoslavia in Belgrade in March 2000. He entered through a VIP entrance and sat in a private box surrounded by eight armed bodyguards. There were claims that he had been seen in a suburb of Moscow, and that he "regularly" visited Thessaloniki and Athens, which raised suspicions that numerous fake reports were sent to cover his trail. Some reports said that he took refuge in his wartime bunker in Han Pijesak, not far from Sarajevo, or in Montenegro.

In early February 2006, portions of a Serbian military intelligence report were leaked to Serbian newspaper Politika which stated that Mladić had been hidden in Army of Republika Srpska and Yugoslav army facilities up until 1 June 2002, when the National Assembly of Serbia passed a law mandating cooperation with the ICTY in The Hague. The then-Chief General of the Yugoslav Army Nebojša Pavković requested that Mladić vacate the facility where he was staying on mountain Povlen, near Valjevo, after which the Serb military agencies claim to have lost all trace of him.

Initially, Mladić lived freely in Belgrade. After the arrest of Slobodan Milošević in 2001, Mladić went into hiding, but he was still protected by Serb security services and the army. Serbia's failure to bring Mladić to justice seriously harmed its relationship with the European Union.

In 2004, Paddy Ashdown, then-United Nations High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, removed 58 officials from their posts due to suspicions that they helped war crimes suspects including Mladić and Karadžić to evade capture. Some officials were subjected to travel bans and had their bank accounts frozen. The ban was later lifted after the capture of Mladić.

In November 2004, British defense officials conceded that military action was unlikely to be successful in bringing Mladić and other suspects to trial. One winter's day British UN troops carrying sidearms were confronted by the general skiing down the piste at Sarajevo's former Olympic skiing resort but made no move for their guns; skiing behind Mladić were four bodyguards. Despite his Hague warrant, the British soldiers decided to carry on skiing. NATO later sent commandos to arrest various war crimes suspects, but Mladić simply went underground. No amount of NATO action or UN demands, or even a $5 million bounty announced by Washington, could bring him in.

It was revealed in December 2004 that the Army of Republika Srpska had been harboring and protecting Mladić until the summer of 2004, despite repeated and public pleas to collaborate with the ICTY and apprehend war criminals. On 6 December, NATO said that Mladić visited his wartime bunker during the summer in order to celebrate Army of Republika Srpska Day.

In June 2005, The Times newspaper alleged that Mladić had demanded a $5 million (£2.75 million) "compensation" to be given to his family and bodyguards if he gave himself up to the ICTY in the Hague. In January 2006, a Belgrade court indicted 10 people for aiding Mladić in hiding from 2002 to January 2006. An investigation showed Mladić spent his time in New Belgrade, a suburb of the capital.

It was erroneously reported on 21 February 2006 that Mladić had been arrested in Belgrade and was being transferred via Tuzla to the ICTY war tribunal. The arrest was denied by the Serbian government. The government did not deny rumors of a planned negotiated surrender between Mladić and Serbian special forces. Romanian government and Serbian sources claimed on 22 February 2006 that Mladić was arrested in Romania, near Drobeta-Turnu Severin, close to the Serbian border by a joint Romanian-British special operation carried out by troops of those respective countries. However, ICTY Prosecutor Carla Del Ponte denied the rumors that Mladić had been arrested, saying that they had "absolutely no basis whatsoever". Del Ponte urged the Serbian government to locate him without further delay, saying Mladić was in reach of the Serbian authorities and had been in Serbia since 1998. She said a failure to capture him would harm Serbia's bid to join the European Union (EU). 1 May 2006 deadline established by Del Ponte for Serbia to hand over Mladić passed, resulting in talks between Serbia and the EU being suspended. The EU considered Mladić's arrest, along with full cooperation with the ICTY, pre-conditions that had to be met before Serbia could join the organization.

In July 2008, Serbian officials voiced concern that Mladić would order or had ordered his bodyguards to kill him to prevent him from being captured to face trial.

Based on a March 2009 poll of the NGO Strategic Marketing for the television station B92, which involved 1,050 respondents, 14% of Serbia's citizens would reveal information that would lead to his arrest in exchange for €1 million, 21% did not have a determined attitude, and 65% would not divulge information for €1 million (the poll was conducted when the United States embassy issued a reward of €1.3 million for any information on Mladić). However, it was noted that the formulation of the question might have been a problem, as the polling samples which opted "No" included also those who would immediately report Mladić without payment, believing that payment in this case is immoral. Although preceding reports indicated that 47% supported the extradition, it was apparent that most of the population was against it. According to a poll conducted by the National Committee for Cooperation with the ICTY, 78% of those polled would not report Mladić to the authorities, with 40% believing that he is a hero. Only 34% said they would approve of Mladić's arrest.

On 11 June 2009, a Bosnian television station broadcast videos of Mladić, filmed over the previous decade. The last video that was featured in the show 60 Minuta showed Mladić with two women, allegedly filmed in the winter of 2008. However, no evidence for this was given by television presenters. Serbia stated that it was "impossible" for the videos to have been filmed in 2008. Rasim Ljajić, Serbia's minister in charge of co-operation with the UN tribunal, confirmed that the footage was old and had already been handed over to the ICTY in March 2009. Ljajić claimed "the last known footage was taken eight years ago. The last time Mladić was in military premises was at the Krcmari army barracks near Valjevo on 1 June 2002." The previously unseen images show Mladić in various restaurants and apartments and at what appears to be military barracks in Serbia, almost always accompanied by his wife Bosa and son Darko.

On 16 June 2010, Mladić's family filed a request to declare him dead, claiming he had been in poor health and absent for seven years. If the declaration had been approved Mladić's wife would have been able to collect a state pension and sell his property. At this time, Mladić was hiding in a house owned by his family.

In October 2010, Serbia intensified the hunt by increasing the reward for Mladić's capture from €5 million to €10 million.

Arrest, trial and conviction

Mladić was arrested on 26 May 2011 in Lazarevo, northern Serbia. His arrest was carried out by two dozen Serbian special police officers wearing black uniforms and masks, and not wearing any insignia. The police were accompanied by Security Information Agency and War Crimes Prosecutor's Office agents. The officers entered the village in four SUVs in the early morning hours while most residents were still asleep. They pulled up to four houses simultaneously, each owned by Mladić's relatives. Mladić was about to venture into the yard for a walk after being awakened by pain, when four officers jumped over the fence and broke into the house just as he moved toward the door, grabbing Mladić, forcing him to the floor, and demanding he identify himself. Mladić identified himself correctly, and surrendered two pistols he had been carrying. He was then taken to Belgrade. Mladić was arrested in the house of his cousin Branislav Mladić, at the Vuka Karadžića st. 2.

Branislav had been identified as a possible suspect at least two months before, and had been under surveillance right up to his arrest. After some initial doubt as to the identity of the arrested, Serbian President Boris Tadić confirmed it was Mladić at a press conference and announced that the process of extraditing him to the ICTY was underway. Mladić had been using the pseudonym "Milorad Komadić" while in hiding. Mladić was not wearing a beard or any disguise. His appearance reportedly showed he had "aged considerably", and one of his arms was paralyzed due to a series of strokes.

Following his arrest, Mladić appeared before the Belgrade Higher Court for a hearing on whether he was fit to be extradited to The Hague. Judge Milan Dilparić suspended interrogation due to his poor health. Mladić's lawyer Miloš Šaljić said that his poor health prevented him from properly communicating. He was allegedly unable to confirm his personal data, but attempted to talk to the prosecutors on several occasions, especially to Deputy War Crimes Prosecutor Bruno Vekarić.

However, the court ruled that he was fit to be extradited on 27 May. According to the Serbian Health Ministry, a team of prison doctors described his health as stable following checkups. Mladić was also visited in prison by Health Minister Zoran Stanković, a former friend. Mladić was extradited to The Hague on 31 May 2011, and his trial formally opened in The Hague on 16 May 2012. Mladić also survived a heart attack he had when in his detention unit on 23 December 2013.

Mladić was arrested on the same day that the EU's representative, Catherine Ashton, visited Belgrade. His arrest improved relations with the EU, which had been concerned that Serbia was sheltering Mladić. In July 2015 media said that he is "trying to find one Norwegian officer to have him come to The Hague to witness" in the trial.

In 2017, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) convicted Mladić on 10 charges: one of genocide, five of crimes against humanity and four of violations of the laws or customs of war. He was cleared of one count of genocide. As a top military officer with command responsibility, Mladić was deemed, by the ICTY, to be responsible for both the siege of Sarajevo and the Srebrenica massacre. The ICTY sentenced Mladić to life imprisonment.

In 2018, during the appeals process, three out of the five judges on the appeals court were removed by the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (MITC), because they "appear biased", considering that they had previously rendered certain conclusions linked to Mladić in other cases in The Hague.

In January 2019, the pre-appeals chamber partially granted a prosecution request and struck three of five motions which Mladić filed to submit new evidence. On 7 June 2019, Mladić requested to have an extension in his appeals motions, which was granted. On 13 June 2019, it was announced at a status conference that Mladić was diagnosed with "harmless arrhythmia" and scheduling for the potential appeals hearings still had not started either. On 10 July 2019, Mladić was hospitalized following a health scare, but was then discharged and transferred back to The Hague detention unit on 12 July after the illness was determined to be non-life-threatening and not a sign of increased heart problems.

The first appeal hearing was held on 25 and 26 August 2020. On 3 September 2020, the five judge panel representing the MITC's Appeals Chamber voted 4–1 to reject Mladić's request for future hospitalization outside his Hague detention center. On 8 June 2021, Mladić's final appeal was rejected, and his life imprisonment sentence confirmed. He is serving his prison sentence in The Hague.

Personal life

Mladić and his wife Bosiljka had two children; a son named Darko and a daughter named Ana. Ana died on 24 March 1994, aged 23, in an apparent suicide. She was not married and had no children.

There were conflicting reports in various Serbian publications regarding Ana Mladić's death and the discovery of her body. Some media said that her body was found in her blood-splattered bedroom, and others claim it was found in a nearby park or in the woods near the Topčider cemetery. However, it was concluded that she had used her father's handgun, which he had been awarded at military school in his youth. There are also conflicting opinions on the reason for her suicide, with one of the more common theories being that she was under immense pressure from the general public as her father was frequently chided and scrutinized in the Serbian newspapers for his actions against civilians in Bosnia. There was another theory that stated that the reason for her suicide was the death of her boyfriend Dragan, who had been killed in the Bosnian War. Historian Jože Pirjevec supports this theory, writing that she killed herself to punish her father for sending her boyfriend to fight on the front line, where he was killed, and for failing to tell her about the boy's death.

References

1. Borger, Julian (22 November 2017). "Bosnian Serb warlord Ratko Mladić disrupts genocide verdict hearing". The Guardian. London.
2. "Ratko Mladić". The Guardian. London.
3. Cluskey, Peter. "Mladic convicted of genocide and war crimes by UN tribunal". The Irish Times.
4. "Financial Sanctions: International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
5. "Генерал РАТКО МЛАДИЋ Биографија". RTRS Public Enterprise Radio and Television of the Republic of Serbia. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
6. Bulatovic, Ljiljana (2001). General Mladic. Evro. p. 181. Висок, снажан професионални војник и официр армије рођен је у селу Калиновику у југоисточној Босни 12. марта 1943.
7. Janjić, Jovan (1996). Srpski general Ratko Mladić. Matica srpska. p. 15. Ратко Младић рођен је 12. марта 1943. године, у селу Божиновићи код Калиновика.
8. Adam Lebor, "Milosevic: A Biography", p. 4.
9. ^ Block, Robert. "The Madness of General Mladic by Robert Block". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
10. "Mladic now Balkan's most wanted". CNN. 22 July 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
11. "International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia". UN. Archived from the original on 6 April 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
12. ^ "Profile: Ratko Mladic". BBC News. 31 July 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
13. ICTY 2017, p. 1883.
14. "Hague court jails ex-Yugoslav army general". Al Jazeera. 6 September 2011. Perisic had kept General Mladic on the Yugoslav Army payroll list, and personally signed Mladic's promotion to the rank of colonel general in 1994.
15. "UN peacekeeping in civil wars",p. 49. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
16. "The suitcase: refugee voices from..."p. 12. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
17. Pomfret, John (1 September 1995). "In War or Peace, Serbs Perplex the West; Rift Between Leaders Adds to Confusion – and Offers Opening". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Earlier this month, Karadzic tried to remove Mladic from his post after his forces lost two important towns in southwest Bosnia to the Croatian army.
18. The Hague's Most Wanted – timeline of events. Southeast European Times. (21 July 2008). Retrieved 13 November 2010.
19. "Dutch court rules state liable for 300 Srebrenica massacre victims". 16 July 2014 – via Japan Times.
20. "Mladic war crimes trial halted over 'irregularities' | Pakistan Today". www.pakistantoday.com.pk.
21. "Serbia Arrests 'Butcher of Bosnia' Ratko Mladic for Alleged War Crimes". Fox News. 26 May 2011.
22. "'Butcher of Bosnia' Arrested in Serbia". Christian Broadcast News.
23. "Career soldier Mladic became 'butcher of Bosnia'". Reuters. 26 May 2011.
24. "Yahoo". Archived from the original on 13 August 2013.
25. Walker, Jamie (23 July 2008). "Radovan Karadzic: Bosnia's butcher poet". The Australian.
26. Kavran, Olga (23 July 2008). "Bosnian Serb Leader Radovan Karadzic Arrested: What Lies Ahead". The Washington Post.
27. "The Trial of Ratko Mladić". FRONTLINE.
28. ICTY 2017, pp. 2251–2253.
29. "Serbia confirms that Mladic received pension until November". Balkan Times. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
30. ^ "Ratko Mladic arrested: timeline of war criminal hunt". The Telegraph. London. 26 May 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
31. "Ratko Mladic arrested: Bosnia war crimes suspect held". BBC News. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
32. "Ratko Mladic: Caught at last". The Economist. 28 May 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
33. ^ "Family wants Ratko Mladic declared 'legally dead'". BBC News. 25 May 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
34. Mark Lowen (26 May 2011). "Ratko Mladic hunt: Serbian police arrest suspect". BBC News. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
35. "OHR BiH Media Round-up, 5/11/2005". Office of the High Representative in Bosnia & Herzegovina. 11 May 2005. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
36. Sito-Sucic, Daria (10 June 2011). "Bosnia envoy lifts ban against Mladić supporters". Trust. Reuters.
37. "IT-09-92 case information sheet" (PDF). Communications Service of the ICTY.
38. "Lure of EU membership led to arrest of Mladic", The Irish Times, 27 May 2011.
39. Naughton, Philippe (21 February 2006). "Mladic arrest claim is denied". The Times. London. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
40. "FOCUS Information Agency". Focus. 22 May 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
41. Wardrop, Murray (26 May 2011). "Ratko Mladic: war crimes fugitive 'arrested in Serbia'". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
42. Rayner, Gordon; Todorovic, Alex (24 July 2008). "Radovan Karadzic ally General Ratko Mladic will 'commit suicide rather than face justice'". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
43. Search – EU-Serbia-Mladic-Poll. International Herald Tribune (29 March 2009). Retrieved 13 November 2010.
44. "EUR 1 mn on Mladić's head". B92. 12 October 2007. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008.
45. Press Online, "Ratka Mladića Ne Damo Ni Za Milion!", 25 January 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2010.(in Serbian)
46. "Poll: Most Serbs Support General Accused Of War Crimes". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 16 May 2011.
47. "Bosnian TV airs 'Mladic pictures'". BBC News. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
48. New footage of Ratko Mladic's life on the run The Australian, 11 June 2009.
49. "Family of Ratko Mladic seek to have him declared dead". The Daily Telegraph. UK. 26 May 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
50. "Ratko Mladic: What's next?". The Economist. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
51. "Serbia raises reward for Mladic to 10 million euros". Reuters. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
52. Interpol. "Interpol: Wanted MLADIC, Ratko". Interpol.int. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
53. "Mladic could be extradited as early as Monday". Yahoo!. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
54. Bosnian Serb fugitive Mladic arrested: family friend Reuters, 26 May 2011
55. "Ratko Mladić uhapšen u Lazarevu!". Zrenjanin. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
56. Spiegel, Peter (26 May 2011). "Serbia confirms arrest of Ratko Mladic". Financial Times. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
57. "Ratko Mladić arrested – details emerging". B92. 26 May 2011. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
58. "Judge suspends interrogation due to Mladić's ill health". B92. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
59. "Ratko Mladic Fit for Hague War Crimes Trial: Serbian Court", ABC News (US)
60. Cendrowicz, Leo (16 May 2012). "Bosnia's Butcher in Court: Ratko Mladic Stands Trial for War Crimes". Time. Archived from the original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
61. "Mladic jailed at The Hague after extradition from Serbia". CNN. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
62. ^ "View Document | United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals | Judicial Records and Archives Database". jrad.irmct.org.
63. "Ratko Mladic, Serbia and the EU: Nicked in the nick of time". The Economist. 28 May 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
64. "Lure of EU membership led to arrest of Mladic". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
65. "Ratko Mladic leter etter norsk offiser". 14 July 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
66. "Mladic guilty of genocide over Bosnia". BBC News. 22 November 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
67. ^ Bowcott, Owen; Borger, Julian (22 November 2017). "Ratko Mladic found guilty". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
68. Ratko Mladic – Amended Indictment, from the UN's ICTY website, 10 October 2002.
69. "ICTY/Bosnia: Life Sentence for Ratko Mladic". Human Rights Watch. 22 November 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
70. "EU Statement on the verdict in the case of Ratko Mladić of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia". OSCE. 22 November 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
71. "Hague Tribunal Replaces 'Biased' Judges in Mladic Case". 5 September 2018.
72. "View Document | United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals | Judicial Records and Archives Database". jrad.irmct.org.
73. "View Document | United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals | Judicial Records and Archives Database". jrad.irmct.org.
74. "General Ratko Mladic transferred from hospital to the detention unit in Scheveningen". B92.net.
75. Case Information Sheet: Ratko Mladic Archived 26 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine United Nation International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, Accessded October 3, 2020
76. "The Mechanism rejected Ratko Mladic's Request for Hospitalization". Sarajevo Times. 3 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
77. "Srebrenica massacre: UN court rejects Mladic genocide appeal". BBC News. 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
78. "Ratko Mladić: Convicted Bosnian Serb war criminal is in poor health, says his son". Euronews. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
79. Thomas, Robert (1999). "19. The Belgrade—Pale Schism (July—August 1994)". The politics of Serbia in the 1990s. Columbia University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-231-11381-6. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
80. Wilson, Peter (28 February 2006). "The graveside bench that could snare most wanted war criminal". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
81. "Google Translate". translate.google.com. 19 October 2013.
82. Pirjevec, Jože (2001). "5. 1994". Le guerre jugoslave. Einaudi. ISBN 9788858426791.

ICTY

• ICTY (2017). "The Prosecutor vs Ratko Mladić - Trial Judgement - Volume 4" (PDF). The Hague.

Further reading

• BOŽOVIĆ, MARIJETA, BOGDAN TRIFUNOVIĆ, and ALEKSANDAR BOŠKOVIĆ. "The arrest of Ratko Mladić online: Tracing memory models across digital genres." Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media 12 (2014): 77–104. online
• Dojčinović, Predrag. "In the mind of the crime: Proving the mens rea of genocidal intent in the words of Ratko Mladić and other members of the joint criminal enterprise." Propaganda and International Criminal Law ( Routledge, 2019) pp. 179–198.
• Flanery, Brady. "An Analysis of the Ratko Mladic Trial and the Struggle to Reach a Guilty Verdict for Perpetrators of Genocide." Indonesian journal of international & comparative law. 7 (2020): 75+.
• Fournet, Caroline. "‘Face to face with horror’: The Tomašica mass grave and the trial of Ratko Mladić." Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal 6.2 (2020): 23–41. online
• Mulaj, Klejda. "Genocide and the ending of war: Meaning, remembrance and denial in Srebrenica, Bosnia." Crime, Law and Social Change 68.1–2 (2017): 123–143. online
• Trahan, Jennifer. "An Overview Of Justice In The Former Yugoslavia And Reflections For Accountability In Syria." ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law 23.2 (2017): 4+. online
• "Srebrenica: Genocide in Eight Acts". SENSE Transitional Justice Center. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2021.

External links

• Mladić (IT-09-92) at icty.org
• The Trial of Ratko Mladić Daily reports at SENSE Transitional Justice Center
• The Madness of General Mladic
• Ratko Mladić collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
• Ratko Mladić collected news and commentary at The Guardian
• Ratko Mladić collected news and commentary at Balkan Insight
• Ratko Mladić collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• "Ratko Mladić". JURIST.

v t e Chiefs of General Staff of the Army of Republika Srpska
Ratko Mladić (1992–96) Pero Čolić [sr] (1996–98) Momir Talić (1998–99) Novica Simić (1999–2002) Cvjetko Savić [sr] (2003–04) Novak Đukić [sr] (2004–05)

v t e Yugoslav Wars
Wars and conflicts	Log Revolution (1990) Slovenian War of Independence (1991) Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995) Bosnian War (1992–1995) Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994) Kosovo War (1998–99) Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001) 2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia (2001)
Background	SFR Yugoslavia Breakup of Yugoslavia
Anti-war protests	Belgrade Sarajevo YUTEL for Peace
Successor states	Republic of Croatia Republic of Slovenia Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Macedonia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY/SRJ)
Unrecognized entities	Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (HRHB) Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (APZB) Republic of Kosova Serb Autonomous Regions Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK) SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia SAO Krajina SAO Western Slavonia Republika Srpska (RS) SAO Bosanska Krajina SAO Herzegovina SAO North-Eastern Bosnia SAO Romanija Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia Dubrovnik Republic
United Nations protectorate	UNTAES UNMIK
Armies	Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Yugoslav Territorial Defence (TO) Slovenian Territorial Defence (TORS) Yugoslav Army (VJ) Croatian Army (HV) BiH Territorial Defence (TORBIH) Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina (SVK) Croatian Defence Council (HVO) Kosovo Liberation Army (UÇK in R. Serbia) National Liberation Army (UÇK in R. Macedonia) Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac (UÇPMB)
Military formations and volunteers	Croatian National Guard (ZNG) Croatian Defence Forces (HOS) White Eagles Serb Guard (SG) Serb Volunteer Guard (SDG) Scorpions Yellow Wasps Garda Panteri Dušan the Mighty Kninjas Serb Falcons [sr] Tobutski sokolovi Jackals Greek Volunteer Guard Wolves of Vučjak AKSH Green Berets (GB) Patriotic League (PL) Black Swans Bosnian mujahideen People's Defence of Western Bosnia (NOZB)
External factors	NATO IFOR SFOR KFOR EU (EUMM) United Nations (UN) UNPROFOR UNCRO
Politicians	Fikret Abdić Milan Babić Mate Boban Momir Bulatović Milo Đukanović Nijaz Duraković Vuk Drašković Goran Hadžić Alija Izetbegović Janez Janša Borisav Jović Mirko Jović Radovan Karadžić Vojislav Koštunica Momčilo Krajišnik Milan Kučan Ante Marković Milan Martić Stjepan Mesić Slobodan Milošević Ante Paradžik  X Dobroslav Paraga Lojze Peterle Biljana Plavšić Jadranko Prlić Jovan Rašković  † Ibrahim Rugova Vojislav Šešelj Haris Silajdžić Franjo Tuđman Krešimir Zubak
Top military commanders	Rahim Ademi Janko Bobetko Agim Çeku Wesley Clark Rasim Delić Sefer Halilović Veljko Kadijević Ratko Mladić Mile Novaković Dragoljub Ojdanić Života Panić Nebojša Pavković Momčilo Perišić Milivoj Petković Ridvan Qazimi  † Martin Špegelj Gojko Šušak
Other notable commanders	Mehmed Alagić Tihomir Blaškić Đorđe Božović  † Valentin Ćorić Jovan Divjak Atif Dudaković Ante Gotovina Zaim Imamović Adem Jashari  † Blaž Kraljević  X Vladimir Lazarević Veljko Milanković  (DOW) Mile Mrkšić Naser Orić Arif Pašalić Slobodan Praljak Ivica Rajić Željko Ražnatović Ljubiša Savić Stjepan Šiber Veselin Šljivančanin Vukašin Šoškoćanin  † Milan Tepić  † Milorad Ulemek Dragan Vasiljković Blago Zadro  †
Key foreign figures	Robert Badinter Lord Carrington Jimmy Carter Willy Claes Pieter Feith Richard Holbrooke Lord Owen Cyrus Vance Jacques Paul Klein Peter Galbraith Javier Solana Manfred Wörner
v t e Croatian War of Independence Part of the Yugoslav Wars Prelude Log Revolution SAO Krajina 1991 Pakrac clash Plitvice Lakes incident Siege of Kijevo Battle of Borovo Selo 1991 riot in Zadar 1991 protest in Split SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia Killings of Serbs in Vukovar Sisak killings Tenja killings Operation Stinger Dalj massacre Operation Labrador SAO Western Slavonia Banija villages killings Battle of Vukovar Battle of Osijek Battle of Gospić Petrinja killings Berak killings Battle of Kusonje Četekovac massacre Battle of the Barracks Siege of Varaždin Barracks Siege of Bjelovar Barracks Battle of Zadar Battle of Šibenik 1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia Korana bridge killings Tovarnik massacre Siege of Dubrovnik Novo Selo Glinsko massacre Bombing of Banski dvori Široka Kula massacre Lovas killings Gospić massacre Baćin massacre Saborsko massacre Požega villages massacre Operation Otkos 10 Battle of Logorište Poljanak and Vukovići massacres Erdut killings Pula incident Battle of the Dalmatian channels Kostrići massacre Škabrnja massacre Vukovar massacre Novska murders Vance plan Murder of the Zec family Operation Whirlwind Paulin Dvor massacre Gornje Jame massacre Operation Orkan 91 Voćin massacre Joševica massacre Operation Devil's Beam Bruška massacre Vrsar airport bombing 1992 Sarajevo Agreement 1992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing Operation Baranja Operation Jackal Battle of the Miljevci Plateau Operation Tiger (1992) Operation Liberated Land Battle of Konavle Operation Vlaštica 1993–94 Operation Maslenica Daruvar Agreement Operation Backstop Operation Medak Pocket Z-4 Plan Operation Winter '94 1995 Operation Leap 1 Operation Flash Medari massacre Zagreb rocket attack Operation Leap 2 Operation Summer '95 Operation Storm Kijani killings Golubić killings Uzdolje killings Bosanski Petrovac refugee column bombing Dvor massacre Komić killings Gošić killings Varivode massacre Operation Maestral 2 Timeline of the Croatian War of Independence Internment camps Begejci camp Bučje camp Kerestinec camp Knin camp Kuline prison camp Lora prison camp Marino Selo camp Ovčara camp Pakračka Poljana camp Sremska Mitrovica prison camp Stajićevo camp Velepromet camp Other Independence of Croatia Persecution of Croats in Serbia during the war in Croatia Erdut Agreement (UNTAES) Category Commons
v t e Bosnian War Part of the Yugoslav Wars Belligerents Bosniak side Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1st Corps 2nd Corps 3rd Corps 4th Corps 5th Corps 6th Corps 7th Corps Paramilitary Patriotic League Green Berets Croatian Defence Forces Bosnian mujahideen Croat side Croatian Defence Council 1OZ 2OZ 3OZ 4OZ Paramilitary Croatian Defence Forces Knights Serb side Army of Republika Srpska 1st Krajina Corps 2nd Krajina Corps 3rd Corps East Bosnia Corps Herzegovina Corps Sarajevo-Romanija Corps Drina Corps Paramilitary Wolves of Vučjak White Eagles Serb Volunteer Guard Scorpions Yellow Wasps Western Bosnian side National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia Prelude Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement RAM Plan Serb Autonomous Regions Bosanska Krajina Herzegovina North-East Bosnia Romanija Establishment of the Croatian Community of Herzeg Bosnia Establishment of Republika Srpska Bosnia and Herzegovina independence referendum Sarajevo wedding attack Declaration of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Battle of Bosanski Brod Sijekovac killings Bijeljina massacre 1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo 1992 Battle of Kupres Siege of Sarajevo Kazani pit killings Foča ethnic cleansing Bosanski Šamac ethnic cleansing Siege of Srebrenica Zvornik massacre Doboj Snagovo massacre Prijedor ethnic cleansing Sarajevo column incident Siege of Goražde Graz agreement Glogova massacre Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing Tuzla column incident Zaklopača massacre Siege of Doboj Bradina massacre Sarajevo bread line massacre Bijeli Potok massacre Pionirska Street fire Operation Jackal Višegrad massacres Bosanska Jagodina Paklenik Barimo Sjeverin Čemerno massacre Siege of Bihać Ahatovići massacre Croat–Bosniak War Operation Vrbas '92 Operation Corridor 92 Bikavac fire Killings in Bratunac and Srebrenica Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia Korićani Cliffs massacre Mičivode massacre Novoseoci massacre Gornja Jošanica massacre 1993 Kravica attack Duša killings Skelani massacre Štrpci Siege of Mostar Srebrenica shelling Ahmići massacre Trusina massacre Sovići and Doljani killings Zenica massacre Vranica case Dobrinja mortar attack Battle of Žepče Battle of Travnik (1993) Battle of Bugojno Operation Irma Operation Neretva '93 Grabovica massacre Mokronoge massacre Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia Inter-Bosniak conflict in Bosanska Krajina Stupni Do massacre Operation Deny Flight Križančevo Selo killings 1994 Operation Tvigi 94 First Markale massacre Banja Luka incident Washington Agreement Establishment of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Operation Bøllebank Attack on Spin magazine journalists Operation Tiger Operation "Breza '94" Battle of Kupres Operation Amanda Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347 Operation Spider Operation Winter '94 1995 Operation Vlašić Operation Leap 1 Battle of Orašje Operation Leap 2 Split Agreement Operation Summer '95 Pale air strikes Tuzla shelling Battle of Vrbanja Bridge Srebrenica massacre Kravica Battle of Vozuća Operation Miracle Operation Storm Second Markale massacre NATO bombing campaign Operation Mistral 2 Operation Sana Operation Una Operation Southern Move Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs Dayton Agreement Establishment of Bosnia and Herzegovina Internment camps Silos Manjača Liplje Luka Vilina Vlas Omarska Keraterm Trnopolje Sušica Čelebići Musala Batković Dretelj Uzamnica Heliodrom Gabela Vojno Kamenica camp Aspects Ethnic cleansing and massacres Bosnian genocide Bosnian genocide denial Internment camps Rape Peace plans NATO intervention Foreign support Foreign fighters Timeline of the Bosnian War (Timeline of the Croat–Bosniak War) Category Commons
v t e Breakup of Yugoslavia Overview Breakup of Yugoslavia (1991–1992) Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia (1980–2008) Background Josip Broz Tito (until 1980) Brotherhood and unity (until 1990) League of Communists of Yugoslavia (until 1990) Croatian Spring (1967–1971) 1981 protests in Kosovo Islamic Declaration (1983) SANU Memorandum (1986) Contributions to the Slovene National Program (1987) Slovene Spring (1987–1988) Agrokomerc Affair (1987) 8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia (1987) JBTZ trial (1988) Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1980s) Events and actors Anti-bureaucratic revolution (1988–1989) Gazimestan speech (1989) 14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1990) Independence of Croatia (1989–1992) Log Revolution (1990–1991) Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting (1991) RAM Plan (1991) Brioni Agreement (1991) Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia (1991–1993) v t e Independence referendums in Yugoslavia Republics and provinces Slovenia (1990) Croatia (1991) Macedonia (1991) Kosovo (1991) Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992) Montenegro (1992) Montenegro (2006) Autonomy SAO Krajina (1990) Sandžak (1991) Srpska (1991) Ilirida (1992) Eastern Slavonia (1997) Macedonia (2004) Consequences Yugoslav Wars (1991-2001) Ethnic cleansing Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995) Ten-Day War (1991) Bosnian War (1992–1995) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–) Graz agreement (1992) Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2001) Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–1994) Dayton Agreement (1996) Joint Criminal Enterprise Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control (1996) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (1993–2017) Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević (2000) Nationalism Greater Albania Greater Croatia United Macedonia Greater Serbia United Slovenia Anti-Serbian sentiment Islamophobia Albanian nationalism Bosniak nationalism Croatian nationalism Macedonian nationalism Montenegrin nationalism Serbian nationalism Serbian–Montenegrin unionism Slovenian nationalism Yugoslavism Category
Category Commons

• 1943 births
• Army of Republika Srpska soldiers
• People from Kalinovik
• People convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
• Military personnel of the Bosnian War
• Military personnel of the Croatian War of Independence
• Serbian generals
• Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Generals of the Yugoslav People's Army
• Living people
• People extradited from Serbia
• Serbian nationalists
• Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicted of genocide
• Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicted of crimes against humanity
• Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicted of war crimes
• Bosnia and Herzegovina prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
• Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by international courts and tribunals