Mohammed I may refer to:
- Muhammad I of Cordoba, Umayyad Emir of Cordoba in 9th century Islamic Iberia
- Mehmed I of Great Seljuk, Sultan of the Seljuk dynasty (1105–1118)
- Muhammad I of Alamut (1138–1162), see History of the Shī‘a Imāmī Ismā'īlī Ṭarīqah
- Muhammad I of Granada (1195-1273), the founder of the Emirate of Granada
- Mohammed I of Kanem, of the Sayfawa dynasty
- Mehmed I (1389–1421), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
- Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), King of the Songhai Empire in West Africa
- Mohammed I Saadi (1554–1557), Moroccan sultan, see Askia Ishaq I
- Sultan Muhammad I of Kelantan, first Sultan of Kelantan
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