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Glossary of ant terms

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This is a glossary of terms used in the descriptions of ants.

Contents

A

alate
winged reproductive male or female ant

B

Berlese funnel

see also Winkler extraction

device used to extract ants and other living organism from soil and leaf-litter samples; a sample is placed on a screen with a funnel beneath, and a heat source above; the drying forces the animals downwards, where they fall into a collecting jar, usually filled with alcohol
bivouac
in army and driver ants, nest formed by the bodies of the ants themselves to protect the queen and larvae

D

dulosis
see slave-making
dichthadiiform
wingless queen with enlarged gaster, having a broadened head, very small eyes and worker-like alitrunk
domatium

see also myrmecodomatium

in plants, tiny chamber produced by plants to house arthropods

E

epigaeic

see also hypogaeic

living or foraging above the ground
ergate
a member of the non-reproductive, laboring caste.
ergatogyne

see also ergatoid

denotes any intercaste female morphologically intermediate between workers and (winged) queens, not restricted to the reproductive caste; formerly often used interchangeably to refer to ergatoid queens
ergatoid

see also ergatogyne

a wingless (dealate) reproductive adult ant, anatomically intermediate in form between workers and winged queens or males

F

fungivorous
feeding on fungi

G

gamergate
a mated, egg-laying, female worker in species lacking a queen
granivorous
seed herbivory, feeding on grain
gyne
a member of the female reproductive caste

H

haplometrosis

see also pleometrosis

colony founding by a single queen
hypogaeic

see also epigaeic

subterranean, living below the ground, or at least beneath the leaf litter, stones or dead bark

M

mermithergate

see also mermithogyne

"parasitogenic" phenotype of worker ants, caused by mermithid nematodes
mermithogyne

see also mermithergate

"parasitogenic" phenotype of gynes, caused by mermithid nematodes
monandry

see also polyandry

queen mating with a single male
monodomy

see also polydomy

colony housing arrangement in a single nest
monogyny

see also polygyny, primary monogyny, secondary monogyny

nest arrangement containing a single queen
multicoloniality

see also unicoloniality

nest arrangement of a population of ants consisting of multiple independent colonies (monodomous or polydomous)
myrmecochory
seed dispersal by ants
myrmecodomatium

see also domatium

domatium housed by ants
myrmecologist
a student of ants
myrmecology
the study of ants
myrmecophily
association of various organisms with ants
myrmecophyte
plant that lives in a mutualistic association with ants

N

nanitic
a worker of the first generation, usually smaller in size than subsequent generations

O

oligogyny
nest arrangement with multiple queens, defined by worker tolerance towards all queens in the colony and antagonism among the queens

P

pheromone trail

see also domatium

trail of chemical compounds secreted by ants to guide nestmates to a target (usually food)
pilosity
quality of being covered with hair
pleometrosis

see also haplometrosis

colony founding by multiple queens
plerergate
see replete
polyandry

see also monandry

queen mating with multiple males
polydomy

see also monodomy

colony arrangement housed in multiple separate nests
polyethism
division of labor, the development of different roles
polygyny

see also monogyny, primary polygyny, secondary polygyny

nest arrangement containing multiple queens
polymorphism
in social insects, having more than one caste within the same sex
primary monogyny

see also monogyny

single queen founding a colony (haplometrosis), with no additional queens incorporated into the colony
primary polygyny

see also polygyny

colony founding by multiple queens (pleometrosis), with more than one queen surviving

Q

queen
see gyne

R

replete
worker ant that functions as a living larder, having an enlarged abdomen filled with liquid food
secondary monogyny

see also monogyny

colony founding by multiple queens (pleometrosis), a single queen survive

S

secondary polygyny

see also polygyny

colony founding by a single queen (haplometrosis), with additional queens incorporated into the colony at a later stage, usually by adoption or fusion with other colonies
slave-making
the capture of brood of other ant species that is then reared as slaves

T

tandem running

see also pheromone trail

recruitment method used by some species of ants, where one ant leads a single, closely following nestmate to a target (usually food)
trail pheromone
see pheromone trail
trophallaxis
transfer of liquid food among family members or guest organisms
trophic egg
non-viable egg laid by the queen to be used as a source of nutrition
trophobiosis
mutualistic relationships between ants and other insects

U

unicoloniality

see also multicoloniality

a population of ants inhabiting a single large polydomous colony

W

Winkler extraction

see also Berlese funnel

device used to extract ants and other living organism from soil and leaf-litter samples; a sample is placed inside an inner bag constructed from cloth mesh, which is suspended in a second bag containing a funnel leading to a collecting jar, usually filled with alcohol; the device is hung up in the air and passively extracts escaping animals

See also

References

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  2. Schmidt, C. A; Shattuck, S. O. (2014). "The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior". Zootaxa. 3817 (1): 1–242. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1. PMID 24943802.
  3. Brown, W. L. Jr. (1960). "Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. III Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 122: 143–230.
  4. ^ Michael Allaby (2012). A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. OUP Oxford. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-19-960057-1.
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  6. ^ Wilson, Edward O.; Hölldobler, Bert (1977). "The number of queens: An important trait in ant evolution". Naturwissenschaften. 64 (1): 8–15. Bibcode:1977NW.....64....8H. doi:10.1007/bf00439886. S2CID 13004419.
  7. ^ Csősz, S.; Majoros, G. (2009). "Ontogenetic origin of mermithogenic Myrmica phenotypes (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)". Insectes Sociaux. 56 (1): 70–76. doi:10.1007/s00040-008-1040-3. S2CID 24435877.
  8. ^ Heinze, Jürgen; Tsuji, Kazuki (1995). "Ant reproductive strategies". Researches on Population Ecology. 37 (2): 135–149. Bibcode:1995PopEc..37..135H. doi:10.1007/BF02515814. S2CID 21948488.
  9. ^ Robinson, Elva JH (2014). "Polydomy: the organisation and adaptive function of complex nest systems in ants". Current Opinion in Insect Science. 5: 37–43. Bibcode:2014COIS....5...37R. doi:10.1016/j.cois.2014.09.002. PMID 32846740.
  10. Pfeiffer, Martin; Huttenlocher, Heiko; Ayasse, Manfred (2010). "Myrmecochorous plants use chemical mimicry to cheat seed-dispersing ants". Functional Ecology. 24 (3): 545–555. Bibcode:2010FuEco..24..545P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01661.x.
  11. Mynhardt, Glené (2013). "Declassifying Myrmecophily in the Coleoptera to Promote the Study of Ant-Beetle Symbioses". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 2013 (7): 1–8. doi:10.1155/2013/696401.
  12. Ouagoussounon, I; Offenberg, J; Sinzogan, A; Adandonon, A; Kossou, D; Vayssières, JF (2015). "Founding weaver ant queens (Oecophylla longinoda) increase production and nanitic worker size when adopting non-nestmate pupae". SpringerPlus. 4 (6): 6. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-4-6. PMC 4429428. PMID 25995983.
  13. Hölldobler, Bert; Carlin, Norman F. (1985). "Colony founding, queen dominance and oligogyny in the Australian meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 18 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1007/BF00299237. ISSN 1432-0762. JSTOR 4599861. S2CID 20847952.
  14. ^ Planqué, Robert; van den Berg, Jan Bouwe; Franks, Nigel R. (2010). "Recruitment Strategies and Colony Size in Ants". PLOS ONE. 5 (8): e11664. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...511664P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011664. PMC 2915909. PMID 20694195.
  15. Wheeler, W. M. (1907). "On certain modified hairs peculiar to the ants of arid regions". Biological Bulletin. 13 (4): 185–202. doi:10.2307/1535694. JSTOR 1535694.
  16. Corn, M. L. (1980). "Polymorphism and polyethism in the neotropical ant Cephalotes atratus (L.)". Insectes Sociaux. 27 (1): 29–42. doi:10.1007/bf02224519. S2CID 6813618.
  17. Delabie, Jacques H. C. (2001). "Trophobiosis Between Formicidae and Hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha): an Overview" (PDF). Neotropical Entomology. 30 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2001000400001.

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