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Mopeia mammarenavirus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Negarnaviricota
Class:	Ellioviricetes
Order:	Bunyavirales
Family:	Arenaviridae
Genus:	Mammarenavirus
Species:	Mopeia mammarenavirus
Strains
Mozambique Zimbabwe
Synonyms
Mopeia virus, MOPV, Mozambique virus, MV

Mopeia mammarenavirus (MOPV) is a species of virus in the genus Mammarenavirus. It was initially isolated from the Mastomys natalensis mouse in the East African country of Mozambique in 1977. It is of the "Old World" Arenavirus lineage and is closely related to Lassa mammarenavirus, sharing 75% of its amino acid sequence.

Mopeia virus disease

Mopeia virus has not been known to cause disease in humans, although it is capable of infecting human cell lines in vitro. Infection of primates with the virus was demonstrated to prevent clinical disease following Lassa virus infection, indicating potential for use as a prophylactic vaccine for Lassa Fever.

Geographic distribution

Although initially isolated in Mozambique, it has also been detected in rodents in Zimbabwe, and Tanzania. Although not identified outside of these regions, it is possible that M. natalensis rodents could carry Mopeia virus to other areas of Southeast Africa.

References

1. "Genus: Mammarenavirus - Arenaviridae - Negative-sense RNA Viruses - ICTV". talk.ictvonline.org. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
2. Wulff H, McIntosh BM, Hamner DB, Johnson KM (1977). "Isolation of an arenavirus closely related to Lassa virus from Mastomys natalensis in south-east Africa". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 55 (4): 441–444. PMC 2366678. PMID 304387.
3. Grobbelaar AA, Jardine J, Burt FJ, Shepherd AJ, Shepherd SP, Leman PA, et al. (December 2021). "Mammarenaviruses of Rodents, South Africa and Zimbabwe". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (12): 3092–3102. doi:10.3201/eid2712.211088. PMC 8632164. PMID 34808083.
4. ^ Borremans B, Leirs H, Gryseels S, Günther S, Makundi R, de Bellocq JG (August 2011). "Presence of Mopeia virus, an African arenavirus, related to biotope and individual rodent host characteristics: implications for virus transmission". Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 11 (8): 1125–1131. doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0010. PMID 21142956.
5. Gonzalez JP, Emonet S, de Lamballerie X, Charrel R (2007). Childs JE, Mackenzie JS, Richt JA (eds.). "Arenaviruses". Wildlife and Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: The Biology, Circumstances and Consequences of Cross-Species Transmission. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 315. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 253–88. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_11. ISBN 978-3-540-70961-9. PMC 7122678. PMID 17848068.
6. Pannetier D, Faure C, Georges-Courbot MC, Deubel V, Baize S (October 2004). "Human macrophages, but not dendritic cells, are activated and produce alpha/beta interferons in response to Mopeia virus infection". Journal of Virology. 78 (19): 10516–10524. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.19.10516-10524.2004. PMC 516411. PMID 15367618.
7. Borremans B, Leirs H, Gryseels S, Günther S, Makundi R, de Bellocq JG (August 2011). "Presence of Mopeia virus, an African arenavirus, related to biotope and individual rodent host characteristics: implications for virus transmission". Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 11 (8): 1125–1131. doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0010. PMID 21142956.
8. Kiley MP, Lange JV, Johnson KM (October 1979). "Protection of rhesus monkeys from Lassa virus by immunisation with closely related Arenavirus". Lancet. 2 (8145): 738. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90659-7. PMID 90819. S2CID 37185713.
9. Johnson KM, Taylor P, Elliott LH, Tomori O (November 1981). "Recovery of a Lassa-related arenavirus in Zimbabwe". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 30 (6): 1291–1293. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.1291. PMID 7034562.

• Arenaviridae