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Demographics of Morocco
Population pyramid of Morocco in 2020
Population37,02 million (2023 est.)
Growth rate1.31% (2022 est.)
Birth rate17.42 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy73.68 years
 • male71.98 years
 • female75.46 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate1.97 children born/woman (2024 census)
Infant mortality rate19.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years27.04%
65 and over7.11%
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Under 151.04 male(s)/female
65 and over0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityMoroccan
Major ethnicArabs (67%)
Minor ethnicBerbers (31%)
Sahrawis (2%)
Language
OfficialArabic, Berber
SpokenArabic, Berber

Demographic features of the population of Morocco include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The population of Morocco in 2021 is 37.271 million.

Foreign residents in Morocco by country of birth, in 1994

Moroccans are primarily of Arab and Berber origin. Socially, there are two contrasting groups of Moroccans: those living in the cities and those in the rural areas. Among the rural, several classes have formed such as landowners, peasants, and tenant farmers. Moroccans live mainly in the north and west portions of Morocco. However, they prefer living in the more fertile regions near the Mediterranean Sea.

Between the Nile and the Red Sea were living Arab tribes expelled from Arabia for their turbulence, Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, who often plundered farming areas in the Nile Valley. According to Ibn Khaldun, whole tribes set off with women, children, ancestors, animals and camping equipment. These tribes, along with others, who mass arrived in the region of Morocco in colossal numbers around the 12th-13th centuries, and later the Ma'qil in the 14th century, contributed to a more extensive ethnic, cultural, and linguistic Arabization of Morocco over time, especially beyond the major urban centres and the northern regions well into the countryside. The descendants of the original Arab settlers who continue to speak Arabic as a first language currently form the single largest population group in North Africa.

About 99% of Moroccans are considered to be Sunni Muslims religiously or culturally. The numbers of the Jewish minority has decreased significantly since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. Today there are 2,500 Moroccan Jews inside the country. Thousands of Moroccan Jews living in Europe, Israel and North America visit the country regularly. There is a small but apparently growing minority of Moroccan Christians made of local Moroccan converts (not Europeans). In 2014, most of the 86,206 foreign residents are French people, Spaniards, Algerians and sub-Saharan African students.

Population

Morocco Population and Housing Census
YearPop.±% p.a.
1960 11,626,232—    
1971 15,321,210+2.54%
1982 20,449,551+2.66%
1994 26,073,717+2.05%
2004 29,891,708+1.38%
2014 33,762,036+1.23%
2024 36,820,000+0.87%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Vital statistics

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates
1960 11,626,000
1962 12,177,000 561 360 227 710 333 650 46.1 18.7 27.4 7.20
1971 15,379,000
1972 15,772,000
1973 16,196,000
1974 16,630,000
1975 17,072,000 5.91
1976 17,521,000
1977 17,978,000
1978 18,440,000
1979 18,908,000
1980 19,380,000
1981 19,855,000
1982 20,419,000 756 425 215 504 540 921 37.2 10.6 26.6 5.52
1983 20,815,000
1984 21,297,000
1985 21,779,000
1986 22,261,000
1987 22,742,000
1988 23,220,000
1989 23,696,000
1990 24,167,000
1991 24,634,000
1992 25,095,000
1993 25,549,000
1994 26,074,000 675 896 174 173 501 723 26.0 6.7 19.3 3.28
1995 26,435,000
1996 26,864,000
1997 27,282,000
1998 27,689,000
1999 28,084,000
2000 28,466,000
2001 28,833,000
2002 29,185,000
2003 29,520,000
2004 29,892,000 602 768 173 073 429 696 20.2 5.8 14.4 2.47
2005 30,215,000
2006 30,606,000
2007 30,998,000
2008 31,391,000
2009 31,786,000
2010 32,182,000 599 607 178 606 421 001 18.8 5.6 13.2 2.19
2011 32,579,000
2012 32,978,000 18.5 5.1 13.4
2013 33,378,000 18.3 5.1 13.2
2014 33,848,242 18.1 5.1 13.0 2.21
2015 34,124,870 17.6 5.4 12.3
2016 34,486,536 17.4 5.2 12.2
2017 34,852,121 677,411 17.2 5.1 12.1
2018 35,219,547 679,863 (623,036) 141,207 481,829 17.7 5.1 12.6 2.38
2019 35,586,616 681,606 (749,758) 21.1 5.0 16.1
2020 35,952,000 682,984 (660,391) 18.4
2021 37,082,000 684,121 (650,892) 228,888 422,004 17.55 6.17 11.38
2022 684,738 2.07
2023 37,022,000 592,352 188,812 403,540 16.0 5.1 10.9 1.97

Source: Haut-Commissariat au Plan (HCP)

Current vital statistics

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2024)
Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January 2020 – June 2020 297,657 70,414 227,243
January 2021 – June 2021 299,243 89,060 210,183
Difference Increase +1,586 (+0.57%) Negative increase +18,646 (+26.48%) Decrease -17,060

Fertility rate (The Demographic Health Survey)

Figures from The Demographic Health Survey

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):

Year Total Urban Rural
CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
1987 4,62 (3,76) 3,24 (2,55) 5,88 (4,88)
1992 28,4 4,04 (2,66) 21,5 2,54 (1,73) 33,7 5,54 (3,62)
1995 26,0 3,31 (2,24) 20,4 2,17 (1,51) 30,6 4,50 (3,01)
2003–2004 21,1 2,5 (1,8) 18,7 2,1 (1,6) 24,3 3,0 (2,2)

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Morocco since 1950
Life expectancy in Morocco since 1960 by gender
Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 45.7 1985–1990 63.2
1955–1960 47.5 1990–1995 66.0
1960–1965 49.5 1995–2000 67.7
1965–1970 51.6 2000–2005 72.9
1970–1975 53.5 2005–2010 74.9
1975–1980 55.7 2010–2015 76.2
1980–1985 59.6

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Structure of the population

Population pyramid 2016

Structure of the population (Census 2004):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 14 640 662 15 039 407 29 680 069 100
Total(known) 14 045 137 14 783 487 28 828 624 97.13
0–4 1 488 631 1 435 833 2 924 464 9.85
5–9 1 552 440 1 502 718 3 055 158 10.29
10–14 1 666 632 1 614 368 3 281 000 11.05
15–19 1 564 900 1 583 690 3 148 590 10.61
20–24 1.426.174 1 521 526 2 947 700 9.93
25–29 1 190 111 1 292 162 2 482 273 8.36
30–34 1 054 069 1 149 302 2 203 371 7.42
35–39 897 812 993 739 1 891 551 6.37
40–44 892 083 968 391 1 860 474 6.27
45–49 758 044 731 635 1 489 679 5.02
50–54 627 433 599 755 1 227 188 4.13
55–59 370 969 388 594 759 563 2.56
60–64 340 722 400 169 740 891 2.50
65–69 261 046 274 018 535 064 1.80
70–74 236 107 267 260 503 367 1.70
75+ 58 933 60 327 119 260 0.40
unknown 595 525 255 920 851 445 2.87
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 707 703 4 552 919 9 260 622 31.20
15–64 8 781 348 9 628 963 18 410 311 62.03
65+ 556 086 601 605 1 157 691 3.90

According to 2004 census

Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 ~9 260 182 31.2
15–59 ~18 164 202 61.2
60+ ~2 404 086 8.1

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013) (Based on the results of the 2004 Population Census.) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 16 371 475 16 578 971 32 950 445 100
0–4 1 482 899 1 421 020 2 903 919 8.81
5–9 1 453 315 1 391 847 2 845 161 8.63
10–14 1 473 231 1 420 973 2 894 204 8.78
15–19 1 547 292 1 496 243 3 043 535 9.24
20–24 1 614 483 1 564 368 3 178 851 9.65
25–29 1 477 952 1 494 267 2 972 219 9.02
30–34 1 338 558 1 409 129 2 747 687 8.34
35–39 1 106 764 1 199 802 2 306 566 7.00
40–44 975 428 1 070 441 2 045 869 6.21
45–49 862 688 947 158 1 809 846 5.49
50–54 859 927 902 421 1 762 347 5.35
55–59 704 367 670 923 1 375 290 4.17
60–64 543 733 529 913 1 073 646 3.26
65–69 314 577 348 098 662 674 2.01
70–74 276 251 333 385 609 636 1.85
75+ 340 012 378 983 718 996 2.18
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 409 445 4 233 840 8 643 285 26.23
15–64 11 031 190 11 284 665 22 315 855 67.73
65+ 930 840 1 060 466 1 991 306 6.04

Structure of the population (Census 2014) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total (known) 16 330 731 16 416 140 32 746 871 100
0–4 1 700 796 1 623 119 3 323 915 9.82
5–9 1 524 586 1 460 840 2 985 426 8.82
10–14 1 532 755 1 475 241 3 007 996 8.89
15–19 1 490 344 1 468 114 2 958 458 8.74
20–24 1 495 404 1 520 770 3 016 174 8.91
25–29 1 369 558 1 411 583 2 781 141 8.22
30–34 1 289 375 1 338 721 2 628 096 7.76
35–39 1 137 269 1 198 986 2 336 255 6.90
40–44 1 058 073 1 102 280 2 160 353 6.38
45–49 879 096 926 400 1 805 496 5.33
50–54 877 383 925 006 1 802 389 5.32
55–59 715 207 669 610 1 384 817 4.09
60–64 594 071 566 539 1 160 610 3.43
65–69 316 816 321 867 638 683 1.89
70–74 268 617 316 576 585 193 1.73
75–79 81 381 90 488 171 869 0.51
unknown 1 101 371 3.25
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 758 137 4 559 200 9 317 337 27.53
15–64 10 905 780 11 128 009 22 033 789 65.10
65+ 666 814 728 931 1 395 745 4.12

According to 2014 census

Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 ~9 477 508 28.0%
15–59 ~21 121 303 62.4%
60+ ~3 249 431 9.6%

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Projections based on the results of national survey on population and health conducted between 2010 and 2011, and especially population and housing census 2014.):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 17 906 986 18 044 671 35 591 657 100
0–4 1 492 467 1 429 285 2 921 752 8.21
5–9 1 708 600 1 633 163 3 341 763 9.39
10–14 1 559 465 1 499 301 3 058 766 8.59
15–19 1 543 022 1 476 586 3 019 608 8.48
20–24 1 485 093 1 464 748 2 949 841 8.29
25–29 1 486 386 1 512 412 2 998 798 8.43
30–34 1 375 309 1 425 420 2 800 729 7.87
35–39 1 285 134 1 341 877 2 627 011 7.38
40–44 1 151 768 1 222 974 2 374 742 6.67
45–49 1 060 816 1 114 695 2 175 511 6.11
50–54 896 058 947 784 1 843 842 5.18
55–59 870 841 911 813 1 782 654 5.01
60–64 712 857 690 587 1 403 444 3.94
65–69 571 519 554 058 1 125 577 3.16
70–74 312 752 324 624 637 376 1.79
75–79 213 596 265 028 478 624 1.34
80+ 181 303 230 316 411 619 1.16
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 760 532 4 561 749 9 322 281 26.19
15–64 11 867 284 12 108 896 23 976 180 67.36
65+ 1 279 170 1 374 026 2 653 196 7.45

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2023):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 18 439 000 18 583 000 37 022 000 100
0–4 1 479 000 1 416 000 2 894 000 7.82
5–9 1 555 000 1 490 000 3 046 000 8.23
10–14 1 678 000 1 605 000 3 283 000 8.87
15–19 1 522 000 1 463 000 2 985 000 8.06
20–24 1 518 000 1 464 000 2 982 000 8.05
25–29 1 456 000 1 460 000 2 916 000 7.88
30–34 1 446 000 1 489 000 2 935 000 7.93
35–39 1 316 000 1 373 000 2 689 000 7.26
40–44 1 232 000 1 293 000 2 525 000 6.82
45–49 1 099 000 1 168 000 2 267 000 6.12
50–54 997 000 1 048 000 2 045 000 5.52
55–59 853 000 906 000 1 759 000 4.75
60–64 817 000 843 000 1 661 000 4.49
65-69 622 000 598 000 1 220 000 3.30
70-74 450 000 457 000 907 000 2.45
75-79 209 000 245 000 455 000 1.23
80+ 190 000 264 000 454 000 1.23
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 712 000 4 511 000 9 223 000 24.91
15–64 12 256 000 12 508 000 24 763 000 66.89
65+ 1 471 000 1 564 000 3 036 000 8.20

Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Morocco (2012)

  Arabs (67%)  Berbers (31%)  Sahrawis (2%)

Moroccans are primarily of Arab and Berber origin as in other neighbouring countries in the Maghreb. Arabs comprise 67% of the population of Morocco, while Berbers make up 31% and Sahrawis make up 2%. However, according to Encyclopædia Britannica, 44% of Moroccans are Arab, 24% are Arabized Berbers, 21% are Berbers, and 10% are Mauritanian Moors.

The Arab population of Morocco is a result of the inflow of nomadic Arab tribes from the Arabian Peninsula since the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century with a major wave in the 11th century. The major migration to the region by Arab tribes was in the 11th century when the tribes of Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, along with others, were sent by the Fatimids to defeat a Berber rebellion and then settle in the Maghreb. Between the Nile and the Red Sea were Arab tribes expelled from Arabia for their turbulence, Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, who often plundered farming areas in the Nile Valley. According to Ibn Khaldun, whole tribes set off with women, children, ancestors, animals and camping equipment. These tribes, who arrived in the region of Morocco around the 12th-13th centuries, and later the Ma'qil in the 14th century, contributed to a more extensive ethnic, genetic, cultural, and linguistic Arabization of Morocco over time, especially beyond the major urban centres and the northern regions which were the main sites of Arabization up to that point.

Ethnic map of Morocco (1973)

The Berber population mainly lives in the mountainous regions of Morocco where some preserve Berber culture, and are split into three groups; Rifians, Shilha, and Zayanes. The Rifians inhabit the Rif mountains, the Shilha inhabit the Anti-Atlas mountains, and the Zayanes inhabit the Middle Atlas mountains. The Arabized Berbers who constitute about a quarter of the population are the Berbers who were Arabized mainly as a result of the Arab nomad inflow, and have adopted Arab culture and the Arabic language as their native language, especially those who sought the protection of the Bedouin. Some parts of the population are descendants of refugees who fled Spain after the Reconquista in the 15th century. The Trans-Saharan slave trade brought a population of Sub-Saharan Africans to Morocco. After the founding of Israel and start of the Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948, many Jews felt compelled to leave Morocco especially after the anti-Jewish riots in Oujda, and many fled to Israel, Europe, and North America, and by 1967 250,000 Jews left Morocco. In a 2021 survey on 1,200 Moroccan adults, 68% were Arab, 25.6% were Berber, 3.6% were Sahrawi, and 2.7% were others.

Languages

See also: Languages of Morocco

Arabic and Berber are the official languages of Morocco. The majority spoken language in Morocco is Arabic which is spoken by 92.7% of the population and includes the dialects of Moroccan Arabic (Hilalian dialects), spoken by 91.9%, and Hassaniya Arabic, spoken by 0.8%. Berber languages are spoken by 24.8% of the population in three varieties (3.2% speak Tarifit, 14.2% speak Shilha, and 7.4% speak Tamazight). According to the 2024 Moroccan census, 99.2%, or almost the entire literate population of Morocco, could read and write in Arabic, while 1.5% of the population could read and write in Berber. The census also indicated that 80.6% of Moroccans consider Arabic to be their native language, while 18.9% regard any of the various Berber languages as their mother tongue.

French is an implicitly "official language" of government and big business, and is taught throughout school and still serves as Morocco's primary language of business, economics, and scientific university education. French is also widely used in the media. Morocco is a member of La Francophonie. Berber activists have struggled since the 1960s for the recognition of their language as an official language of Morocco, which was achieved in July 2011 following the February 20th 2011 uprising. About 20,000 Moroccans in the northern part of the country speak some Spanish.

English, while still far behind French in terms of the number of proficient speakers, is rapidly becoming a foreign language of choice among educated youth and business people. It has been taught to Moroccan students after the fourth year of elementary school since the education reforms of 2002.

Main populated areas

Most Moroccans live west and north of the Atlas Mountains, a range that insulates the country from the Sahara Desert. Casablanca is the largest city and the centre of business and industry, and has the leading seaport and airport. Rabat is the seat of government. Tangier and Nador are the two major northern seaports on the Mediterranean. Fez is a cultural, religious and industrial centre. Marrakesh and Agadir are the two major tourist centres. Oujda is the largest city of eastern Morocco. Meknes houses the military academy. Kenitra has the largest military airbase. Mohammedia has the largest oil refineries and other major industrial installations.

Education

Education in Morocco is free and compulsory through primary school (age 15). Nevertheless, many children—particularly girls in rural areas—still do not attend school. The country's illiteracy rate is usually around 50 percent for most of the country, but reaches as high as 90 percent among girls in rural regions. In July 2006, Prime minister Driss Jettou announced that illiteracy rate has declined by 39 percent, while two million people had attended literacy courses during the past four years.

Morocco has about 660,000 students enrolled in 14 public universities. One of the oldest and among the most prestigious is Mohammed V in Rabat, with faculties of law, sciences, liberal arts, and medicine. University of Karueein, in Fez, has been a centre for Islamic studies for more than 1,000 years. Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, founded in 1993 by King Hassan II and King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, is an English-medium, American-style university comprising about 1,700 students.

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.

  • One birth every 48 seconds
  • One death every 3 minutes
  • One net migrant every 12 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 1 minutes

The following demographics are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated.

Population

36,738,229 (2022 est.)
note: includes Western Sahara
33 million (2014)

Religions

See also: Category:Religion in Morocco
Muslim 99% (official; virtually all Sunni, <0.1% Shia), other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha'i); note - Jewish about 3,000-3,500 (2020 est.)

Age structure

Population pyramid of Morocco in 2020
0-14 years: 27.04% (male 4,905,626/female 4,709,333)
15-24 years: 16.55% (male 2,953,523/female 2,930,708)
25-54 years: 40.64% (male 7,126,781/female 7,325,709)
55-64 years: 8.67% (male 1,533,771/female 1,548,315)
65 years and over: 7.11% (male 1,225,307/female 1,302,581) (2020 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
0–14 years: 27.8% (male 4,514,623/female 4,382,487)
15–64 years: 66.1% (male 10,335,931/female 10,785,380)
65 years and over: 6.1% (male 881,622/female 1,068,318) (2011 est.)

Median age

total: 29.1 years. Country comparison to the world: 137th
male: 28.7 years
female: 29.6 years (2020 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
total: 26.9 years
male: 26.3 years
female: 27.4 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

0.91% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 107th
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
1.054% (2012 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.27 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 81th
2.29 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 79th
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
2.50 children born/woman (2004)
2.59 children born/woman (2011)

Birth rate

17.42 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 89th
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
18.97 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Death rate

6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 132nd
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
4.76 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

Net migration rate

-1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 165th
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
-3.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

70.8% (2018)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Urbanization

urban population: 64.6% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 1.88% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
urban population: 58% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2010–15 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2012 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 26.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 73.68 years Country comparison to the world: 145th
male: 71.98 years
female: 75.46 years (2022 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
total population: 76.11 years
male: 73.04 years
female: 79.32 years (2012 est.)

Ethnic groups

Languages

Literacy

Definition: age 10 and over can read and write

total population: 73.8%
male: 83.3%
female: 64.6% (2018)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Total population: 73.55% (2012)

Category:Education in Morocco

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2020)

note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Major infectious diseases

note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are occurring in Morocco; as of 6 October 2021, Morocco has reported a total of 936,236 cases of COVID-19 or 2,536.5 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 38.94 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 2 October 2021, 60.91% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

total: 22.2%
male: 22%
female: 22.8% (2016 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

References

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