Listed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with linguistic designations (IE=Indo-European, Dr=Dravidian, AA=Austro-Asiatic and ST=Sino-Tibetan), the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. The two most widespread MtDNA haplogroups in South Asia are Haplogroup M (of South Asian origin) and Haplogroup U (West Eurasian).
Note: The converted frequencies from some old studies conducted in the first decade of the 21st century may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below.
| Population | Sample Size | Language | HVS-I haplotype diversity | A | L1–L3 | M | M2 | M3 | M5 | MΔ9bp | U | H, V, T, J, N, X, K, W | B, F, D, G | R | P | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bengali in Bangladesh | 86 | IE | 1.2 | 67.4 | 12.8 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 9.3 | Rishishwar2017 | |||||||
| Chenchu (South Indian tribal) | 96 | Dr | 0.87 | 0 | 97 | 18 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Gujarati Indian in Houston, Texas | 106 | IE | 2.8 | 38.7 | 15.1 | 13.2 | 30.2 | Rishishwar2017 | ||||||||
| Gujaratis and Konkanastha Br. | 111 | IE | 0.99 | 0 | 48 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 10 | 5 | 11 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Indian Telugu in the UK | 103 | Dr | 59.2 | 13.6 | 14.6 | 12.6 | Rishishwar2017 | |||||||||
| Kerala/Karnataka | 99 | Dr | 0.96 | 0 | 64 | 15 | 6 | 15 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 9 | Kivisild2003 | |||
| Koyas | 81 | Dr | 0.94 | 0 | 69 | 19 | 6 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 31 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Lambadis | 86 | IE | 0.99 | 0 | 64 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 13 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Lobanas (Punjab) | 62 | IE | 0.98 | 0 | 55 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 18 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Punjabi in Lahore, Pakistan | 96 | IE | 57.3 | 11.5 | 14.6 | 5.2 | 11.5 | Rishishwar2017 | ||||||||
| Punjabis | 112 | IE | 0.99 | 0 | 41 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 19 | 5 | 10 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Sri Lanka | 132 | Dr, IE | 0.99 | 0 | 58 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 14 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Sinhalese | 100 | IE | 42 | 21 | 6 | 7 | 20 | 2 | Ranaweera2014 | |||||||
| Sinhalese | 60 | IE | 51.7 | Ranasinghe2015 | ||||||||||||
| Vedda | 75 | IE | 17.33 | 29.33 | 8 | 45.33 | Ranaweera2014 | |||||||||
| Vedda | 30 | IE | 36.6 | Ranasinghe2015 | ||||||||||||
| Sri Lankan Tamil in the UK | 103 | Dr | 1.0 | 48.5 | 13.6 | 15.5 | 21.4 | Rishishwar2017 | ||||||||
| Sri Lankan Tamil | 39 | Dr | 43.59 | 15.38 | 20.51 | 7.69 | 7.69 | 5.13 | Ranaweera2014 | |||||||
| Sri Lankan Tamil | 30 | Dr | 53.5 | Ranasinghe2015 | ||||||||||||
| Indian Tamil in Sri Lanka | 57 | Dr | 70.8 | 12.28 | 1.75 | 5.26 | 8.77 | 1.75 | Ranaweera2014 | |||||||
| Indian Tamil in Sri Lanka | 22 | Dr | 81.8 | Ranasinghe2015 | ||||||||||||
| Tamil Nadu tribal | 49 | Dr | 0.96 | 0 | 71 | 2 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 12 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Telugu, lower | 70 | Dr | 0.99 | 0 | 71 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 21 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Telugu, middle | 114 | Dr | 0.99 | 0 | 64 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 21 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Telugu, upper | 59 | Dr | 0.99 | 0 | 61 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 15 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Uttar Pradesh | 139 | IE | 0.99 | 0 | 57 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 6 | 1 | 14 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Western Bengal tribal | 34 | IE | 0.99 | 0 | 65 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 15 | Kivisild2003 | ||
| Western Bengalis | 106 | IE | 0.97 | 0 | 72 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 11 | Kivisild2003 |
U* = other derivatives of haplogroup U; R* = derivatives of haplogroup R that do not belong to HV, TJ, U, B, and F.
References
- Mukhtar Ahmed (29 May 2014). Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume I: The Stone Age. Amazon. pp. 245–. ISBN 978-1-4954-9047-7.
- ^ Rishishwar, Lavanya; Jordan, I. King (2017). "Implications of human evolution and admixture for mitochondrial replacement therapy". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 140. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3539-3. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 5299762. PMID 28178941.
- ^ Kivisild, T; Rootsi, S; Metspalu, M; Mastana, S; Kaldma, K; Parik, J; Metspalu, E; Adojaan, M; et al. (2003). "The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations". AJHG. 72 (2): 313–32. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373.
- ^ Ranaweera, Lanka; Kaewsutthi, Supannee; Win Tun, Aung; Boonyarit, Hathaichanoke; Poolsuwan, Samerchai; Lertrit, Patcharee (January 2014). "Mitochondrial DNA history of Sri Lankan ethnic people: their relations within the island and with the Indian subcontinental populations". Journal of Human Genetics. 59 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.112. PMID 24196378.
- ^ Ranasinghe, Ruwandi; Tennekoon, Kamani H.; Karunanayake, Eric H.; Lembring, Maria; Allen, Marie (November 2015). "A study of genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II of the five major ethnic groups and Vedda population in Sri Lanka". Legal Medicine. 17 (6): 539–546. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.05.007. PMID 26065620.