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Mukhtar Ashrafi

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Uzbekistani musician
Mukhtar AshrafiMuxtor Ashrafiy
Born(1912-05-29)29 May 1912
Bukhara, Russian Empire (now Uzbekistan)
Died15 December 1975(1975-12-15) (aged 63)
Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
OccupationComposer
Musical artist

Mukhtar Ashrafovich Ashrafi (11 June [O.S. 29 May] 1912 – 15 December 1975) was a Soviet Uzbek composer. He was awarded the title People's Artist of the USSR in 1951. He became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1941 was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1943 and 1952. He is known as the author of the first Uzbek opera "Buran" (together with Sergei Vasilenko) and the first Uzbek symphony.

His daughter Muqadamma was a noted medievalist.

Early life and education

Mukhtar Ashrafi was born on 29 May (11 June) 1912 in Bukhara. He grew up in the family of his father, a famous Bukhara singer and musician Ashrafzhan Hafiza. At the age of seven, Ashrafi began to play Uzbek folk instruments improvising on the dutar. In 1924, he entered Oriental Music School in Bukhara. In 1928, Ashrafi graduated a dutar class in Bukhara and entered the Samarkand Institute of Music and Choreography.

From 1934 to 1936, he studied in a composition class of Sergei Vasilenko at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1934, Ashrafi wrote Komsomol and pioneer songs, and in 1935-1936, he wrote lyrical songs on the words of Ruzuli, working on his first opera at the same time.

Together with his teacher, Sergei Vasilenko, Ashrafi wrote the first Uzbek opera “Buran” that was staged in 1939, starting the history of Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater.

In 1941-1944, Ashrafi studied composition at the Leningrad Conservatory. In 1948, he graduated from the conducting faculty of the Leningrad Conservatory as an external student.

Career

In 1942, Ashrafi created the first Uzbek heroic symphony. From 1943 to 1947, Ashrafi was a director of Alisher Navoi Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater. Since 1944 Ashrafi was a teacher, and since 1953 - a professor at the Tashkent Conservatory.

In 1964-66 he was a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the Samarkand Opera and Ballet Theater, and since 1966 - a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the State Academic Bolshoi Theater of the Uzbek SSR in Tashkent.

From 1971 to 1975, Ashrafi was rector of the Tashkent Conservatory.

Ashrafi is the author of the books "Indian Diaries" (in Russian and Uzbek), "Music in my life", numerous articles in magazines and periodicals.

He died on 15 December 1975 in Tashkent.

Awards and honours

In 1976, Tashkent Conservatory was named after him. On the occasion of the 70th birthday of Ashrafi, on 11 June 1982, a museum was opened in the house where he lived and worked from 1967 to 1975. In 2019, a memorial evening of Ashrafi was held in the assembly hall of the Union of Composers and Bastakors of Uzbekistan.

Selected works

Operas
  • Buran (1939, with S. Vasilenko)
  • Grand Canal (1941, with S. Vasilenko)
  • Dilaram (1958)
  • Heart of a Poet (1962)
Ballets
  • Love Amulet (1969)
  • Timur Malik (1970)
  • Stoikost' (1971)
  • Love and Dream (1973)
Orchestral works
  • Symphony No. 1 "Heroic" (1942; awarded Stalin Prize)
  • Symphony No. 2 "Glory to the Victors" (1944)
  • Kantatu o Schast'ye (1952; awarded Stalin Prize)
  • Oratorio Skazanie o Rustame (1974)
  • Music for theater, films, etc.

Controversy

Ashrafi was accused of plagiarism in 1959, and Dmitri Shostakovich concluded that the allegations were true. He was expelled from the Composers' Union, but later was allowed to return.

Notes

    • Uzbek: Muxtor Ashrafovich Ashrafiy
    • Russian: Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи, romanized: Mukhtar Ashrafovich Ashrafi

References

  1. Sultanova, Razia (2001). "Ashrafi, Muhtar". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45041. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
  2. ^ "АШРАФИ МУХТАР АШРАФОВИЧ (Композитор, дирижер)" [ASHRAFI MUKHTAR ASHRAFOVICH (Composer, conductor)]. tashkentpamyat.ru. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  3. Kamoludin Abdullaev; Shahram Akbarzaheh (27 April 2010). Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7379-7.
  4. ^ "Мухтар Ашрафи" [Mukhar Ashrafi]. Кино-Театр.РУ. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  5. ^ "Мухтар Ашрафи и узбекская народная музыка" [Mukhtar Ashrafi and Uzbek Folk Music]. mus.academy. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  6. ^ "Союз композиторов и бастакоров Узбекистана - АШРАФИ МУХТАР" [Union of Composers and Bastakors of Uzbekistan - ASHRAFI MUKHTAR]. www.commus.uz. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  7. ^ "Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи (Mukhtar Ashrafi) | Belcanto.ru". www.belcanto.ru. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  8. ^ "Неизвестный Ташкент: Мухтар Ашрафи и музыка на просторах музея" [Unknown Tashkent: Mukhtar Ashrafi and music in the museum space]. vot.uz. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  9. "Ўзбекистон Компартияси Марказий Комитети, Ўзбекистон ССР Олий Совети Президиуми, Ўзбекистон ССР Министрлар Советидан". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). 16 December 1975. p. 1.
  10. "Указ Президиум Верховного Совета СССР О присвоении почетных званий артистам Узбекской ССР" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On the awarding of honorary titles to artists of the Uzbek SSR]. Sovetskoe iskusstvo (in Russian). 8 December 1951. p. 1.
  11. "Ашрафий Мухтор Ашрафович" [Ashrafiy Muxtor Ashrafovich] (PDF). Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (in Uzbek). Vol. 1. Tashkent: Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. 2000.
  12. "А) Музыки" [A) Music]. Literatura i iskusstvo (in Russian). 21 March 1943. p. 1.
  13. "Ж. Музыки" [Zh.) Music]. Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 18 March 1952. p. 2.
  14. "О присуждении государственных премий Узбекской ССР имени Хамзы в области литературы, искусства и архитектуры" [On the awarding of state prizes of the Uzbek SSR named after Hamza in the fields of literature, art and architecture]. Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). No. 90. 17 April 1970. p. 2.
  15. "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями работников литературы и искусства Узбекской ССР" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding orders and medals to workers of literature and art of the Uzbek SSR] (PDF). Sovetskoe iskusstvo (in Russian). No. 98. 8 December 1951. p. 1.
  16. "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении компоситора Ашрафи М.А. орденом Ленина" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding composer Ashrafi M.A. with the Order of Lenin]. Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 14 June 1972. p. 1.
  17. "Награждение строителей Большого Ферганского канала имени тов. И. В. Сталина" [Awarding of the builders of the Great Fergana Canal named after Comrade I. V. Stalin]. Pravda (in Russian). 24 December 1939. p. 1.
  18. "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями СССР работников искусства и литературы Узбекской ССР" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding orders and medals of the USSR to workers of art and literature of the Uzbek SSR]. Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). No. 65. 19 March 1959. p. 1.
  19. "О награждении работников Узбекского музыкального театра и Узбекской филармонии — участников декады Узбекского искусства в Москве" [On the awarding of employees of the Uzbek Musical Theatre and the Uzbek Philharmonic - participants of the decade of Uzbek art in Moscow]. Pravda (in Russian). 1 June 1937. p. 1.
  20. "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями колхозников, колхозниц, работников сельского хозяйства, промышленности, науки, културы и искусства Узбекской ССР" (PDF). Vedomosti of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (in Russian). No. 3. 26 January 1944. p. 2.
  21. Насыбуллина, Гузель (2019-06-14). "Вечер памяти Мухтара Ашрафи состоялся в Ташкенте | Всемирный конгресс татар" (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  22. Ho, Allan Benedict; Feofanov, Dmitry (1998). Shostakovich Reconsidered. Toccata Press. p. 268.
  23. "Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich". Rowman & Littlefield. 2004. p. 199.
  24. Hakobian, Levon (2016). Music of the Soviet Era: 1917-1991. Routledge. p. 122.

Further reading

  • Rakhmanov, M. (9 June 1972). "Мелодии новой жизни". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). p. 4.
  • Tatybayeva, A. (9 June 1992). "Маэстро Ашрафи". Vecherny Tashkent (in Russian). p. 2.
  • Jumayev, T. (9 June 1972). "Ижодкорнинг йўли". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). p. 4.
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