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A multiple-language version film (often abbreviated to MLV) or foreign language version is a film, especially from the early talkie era, produced in several different languages for international markets. To offset the marketing restrictions of making sound films in only one language, it became common practice for American and European studios to produce foreign-language versions of their films using the same sets, crew, costumes, etc but often with different actors fluent in each language. The plot was sometimes adjusted with new or removed scenes and script alterations. The first foreign-language versions appeared in 1929 and largely replaced the International Sound Version method for many major releases. The most common languages used for these productions were English, Spanish, French and German.

The idea of whether these were different / recut versions of the same film or separate films in their own right is open to debate and interpretation by the viewer. Filming in different years could be used as the basis for this as clearly two versions of a film 10 years apart are considered separate films. However, The Tunnel was filmed three times (1933 Germany, 1933 France, 1935 England) with two in the same year and another 2 years apart making the determination difficult for these cases.

Musicals in particular proliferated during the early talkie era, partially because between-song, plot-driven narration could often be easily replaced with intertitles or, as in the case with MLVs, be reshot using local actors. Numerous internationally renowned artists worked on MLVs, some repeatedly. Many are still widely known to modern audiences, including Marlene Dietrich, Greta Garbo, Alfred Hitchcock, Buster Keaton, Fritz Lang and John Wayne. Hal Roach was a great proponent of MLVs and an early adopter of the practice. Within a two-year period between 1929 and 1931 he oversaw the production of many of them for his top acts, including Laurel and Hardy, Charley Chase, Harry Langdon and Our Gang.

Although a vast number of MLVs were made, many of the early export versions are thought lost and relatively few are available today. Some notable exceptions are Anna Christie (1930); The Blue Angel (1930); Dracula's Spanish-language incarnation, Drácula (1931); M (1931); The Threepenny Opera (1931) and various Laurel and Hardy films.

Within a few years the practice had peaked, largely because of the additional production complications and expenses incurred, along with improvements in dubbing and subtitling techniques. Many multiple-language version films were US-European co-productions and the Nazis' rise to power in the early 1930s effectively sealed their fate. European co-productions continued on a reduced scale through until the end of the 1950s before dying out almost completely. In India, however, multiple-language versions are still produced on a semi-regular basis, particularly in the case of big budget epics.

List of multiple-language versions

See also

• Symphony in Two Flats, a 1930 British drama film with two versions, one starring Benita Hume (as "Lesley Fullerton") for the UK release and the other starring Jacqueline Logan (as "Leslie Fullerton") for the US release
• Hinterland (TV series)
• International Sound Version
• Part-talkie
• Sound film
• History of film
• List of early Warner Bros. talking features
• List of multilingual Indian films
• Pan-Indian film
• List of longest films in India

References

1. Period literature always refer to these films as foreign language versions. International Sound Versions, in which dialogue portions of talking films were replaced with intertitles and synchronized music for export to goreign markets are often referred to as a foreign sound version.
2. "The Multiple-Language Version Film: A Curious Moment in Cinema History" at BrentonFilm.com retrieved 7 July 2015
3. Críticas ao filme «A Minha Noite de Núpcias», Paulo Borges, blog Cinema Português, February 16, 2014 (Portuguese)
4. "Ett medeltidsfiaskos historia Archived 2017-10-29 at the Wayback Machine" (in Swedish), Kult. no 2, Linköpings universitet, 2004. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
5. "Türk sinemasını kurtaran adam". 13 March 2021.
6. "Yeşilçam'ın efsane filmi Üç Kağıtçılar'ın Rıza'sı Robert Widmark herkesi hayrete düşürdü".

External links

• Multiple-Language Version Film Collectors' Guide at Brenton Film

• Audiovisual introductions in 1929
• 1920s in film
• 1930s in film
• Sound recording
• Transitional sound films
• Multilingual films
• Alternative versions of films