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Murder of the Faruqis
Shared grave of the Faruqis
Location of the murders
Location	Wyncote, Pennsylvania, United States
Coordinates	40°05′15″N 75°08′40″W / 40.0876364°N 75.1443599°W / 40.0876364; -75.1443599
Date	May 27, 1986; 38 years ago (1986-05-27) Around 2:00 AM (EST)
Attack type	Double homicide
Weapons	Survival knife
Injured	1 (Anmar el-Zein)
Victims	Ismail al-Faruqi (aged 65) Lois Lamya al-Faruqi (aged 59)
Perpetrators	Joseph Louis Young (Yusuf Ali)
Motive	Potential political motivations, personal vendetta, or robbery gone wrong
Verdict	Guilty
Convictions	Joseph Louis Young sentenced to death (died in prison of natural causes before execution)
Charges	Murder

The murder of the Faruqis occurred on May 27, 1986, at their home in Wyncote, Pennsylvania, United States. Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi, a prominent Islamic scholar, and his wife, Lois Lamya al-Faruqi (née Lois Rachel Ibsen), a respected art historian known for her contributions to ethnomusicology, were both killed in a brutal attack that drew significant attention due to their academic standing and the nature of the crime. Their daughter, Anmar el-Zein, who was eight months pregnant at the time, survived multiple stab wounds and managed to alert authorities despite severe injuries requiring 200 stitches. She described the assailant as a stocky man wearing a black scarf tied in a "cowboy-robber" style.

Due to al-Faruqi's prominence, the Cheltenham Township Police Department investigated the case with assistance from the FBI. The incident sparked discussions about potential motives, which ranged from political retaliation due to al-Faruqi's outspoken views on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to personal vendettas.

Background

Isma'il al-Faruqi was a distinguished professor of religion at Temple University, known for his extensive work in Islamic studies and interfaith dialogue. Lois Lamya al-Faruqi was an American scholar and expert on Islamic art and music. She co-authored The Cultural Atlas of Islam with her husband, making significant contributions to understanding Islamic musical culture. Their work in promoting interfaith dialogue and understanding was significant, influencing many scholars and students in the field. James Zogby, a former student of al-Faruqi, reflected on the professor's passion for intellectual discourse, mentioning, "Sometimes we were up until 2 a.m. He loved the intellectual discourse. You would have to define every point to the ultimate."

Crime and investigation

On the evening of May 26, 1986, Ismail al-Faruqi attended an iftar meal with the local chapter of the Muslim Students Association (MSA) and returned home at around 11:00 PM. In the early morning of May 27, 1986, al-Faruqi and his wife were found with multiple stab wounds in their home.

Al-Faruqi's body was discovered in his bedroom, while Lois Lamya al-Faruqi's body was found at the foot of the stairs. Their 27-year-old daughter, Anmar el-Zein, who was eight months pregnant, was also stabbed multiple times during the attack but managed to call the police. She required 200 stitches for wounds to her chest and arms. A 15-inch survival-type knife found near al-Faruqi's body was identified as the murder weapon. The crime scene indicated a break-in and a violent struggle.

The Cheltenham Township Police Department led the investigation, with the FBI assisting due to al-Faruqi's prominence. Anmar el-Zein described the attacker as a stocky black man with a "pot belly" wearing a black bandana. Initial theories suggested the murders might have been politically motivated due to al-Faruqi's outspoken views on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and his association with the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. According to Hafez Malik, a professor of political science at Villanova University and a longtime friend, al-Faruqi had talked often of threats made against his life, stating, "He had been threatened, no doubt. He told me that (his) life is constantly threatened."

Legal proceedings

Arrest and charges

In January 1987, Joseph Louis Young, also known as Yusuf Ali, was identified as the primary suspect. A fingerprint match on a bloody surgical glove found at the scene led to Young's arrest. Additionally, a stolen 1986 Grey Honda Accord LX was found with bloodstains, providing forensic evidence linking the crime to Young.

Earlier, detectives in Montgomery County had received an anonymous phone call suggesting they compare the latent fingerprints found at the crime scene with those of Young. The fingerprints were matched, leading to Young's identification as a suspect.

According to a police source, Young's statement to police indicated that the slaying of al-Faruqi may have been politically or religiously motivated rather than a random act of violence. The source stated that Young believed al-Faruqi was "not doing the right thing for the Muslim religion." Young reportedly knew al-Faruqi through the Islamic community at Temple University and had been planning the murder "for some time."

Young, who had a criminal history and knew the al-Faruqi family, confessed to the crime during questioning by Philadelphia detectives, providing information that matched the evidence. He repeated his confession in the presence of Montgomery County police officers.

Trial

The trial of Joseph Louis Young began in July 1987. During the proceedings, the prosecution presented substantial evidence linking Young to the crime, including his fingerprints on a glove found at the scene and testimony from surviving witness Anmar el-Zein, who recounted the traumatic events of the night. The defence argued that Young's confession was coerced and suggested possible accomplices, also citing extreme emotional disturbance to question his mental state at the time of the crime.

On July 10, 1987, the jury found Joseph Louis Young guilty of two counts of first-degree murder for the deaths of Isma'il and Lois Lamya al-Faruqi. The jury also convicted him of attempted murder, burglary, criminal trespass, and aggravated assault. Following a separate sentencing hearing, the jury returned a verdict of death for each murder conviction, citing the aggravating circumstances that outweighed any mitigating factors.

Appeals and resentencing

Young's initial appeal led to affirming his convictions but a remand for resentencing due to issues with the original sentencing instructions. In 1990, a resentencing hearing was held, and once again, the jury returned a death sentence for each murder conviction, confirming the existence of four aggravating circumstances.

Funeral and burial

On May 30, 1986, nearly 4,000 mourners, including international dignitaries, gathered in the Masjid Muhammad mosque in West Philadelphia to honor al-Faruqi and his wife, Lois. The service included eulogies from speakers who remembered al-Faruqi as a significant figure and community member. Imam Shamsud-din Ali led prayers, recognizing their contributions to the community.

The mosque was attended by friends, associates, and community members, many in traditional attire. The service included Arabic sayings, prayers, and readings from the Qur'an. Many students and local community members were present.

Following the prayer service, the Faruqis were buried together at Forest Hills Cemetery in Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania.

Aftermath

Young died of natural causes in prison in 1996, before the execution could be carried out.

Various theories about the murders' motivations persisted. Some speculated a politically motivated assassination due to al-Faruqi's scholarly work, while others considered a personal vendetta. Despite extensive investigation, the precise motive remained unclear.

The case received extensive media attention, highlighting the crime's brutality and the subsequent investigation and trial. The National Council of Churches' Committee on Christian-Muslim Relations "received with great sorrow the news of the shocking and tragic deaths of Drs. Isma'il and Lamya' al-Faruqi." It expressed "condolences to the Faruqi family, to their friends and co-workers and to the whole world Muslim community for whom the Faruqis provided international leadership."

A year after the incident, the remaining members of the Faruqi family sold their home and moved away from the area. In 2011, the house where the murders occurred was put up for sale, drawing further media interest due to its violent history.

Al-Faruqi's intellectual contributions continue to influence Islamic studies and interfaith relations, with his works remaining a core part of discussions on Muslim identity and rights in the U.S. His advocacy for Palestinian issues and his role in groups such as the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee have left a lasting impact on how Islam is engaged in academic and political discourse in America and beyond.

During a conference at the International Islamic University Malaysia in 2008, it was revealed that al-Faruqi's father had made special supplications for him to become a great scholar and to die as a martyr (shahīd), which were ultimately fulfilled.

References

1. "Faruqi, Ismail Raji al- (1986)". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2024-07-04.
2. ^ AP (May 28, 1986). "AROUND THE NATION; Islamic Scholar and Wife Slain in Pennsylvania". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 23, 2007. Retrieved July 10, 2024. Alt URL
3. ^ "Assassination motive behind al-Faruqi killings". New Straits Times. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. August 20, 1986. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
4. ^ Fletcher, Charles D. (2015). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi. I.B. Tauris. p. 213.
5. "Police suspect local man in scholar's death; not sure of motive". UPI Archives. May 29, 1986. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
6. ^ "FBI Joins Probe Into Murder of Islamic Scholar, Wife". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. May 28, 1986. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
7. ^ Paolantonio, S. A.; Duggan, Paul (1987-01-18). "Statement Is Said to Back Religious-Attack Theory". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A.8. ProQuest 1831221807.
8. Yusuf, Imtiyaz (2022). "Ismail Al Faruqi". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 3. Koninklijke Brill NV.
9. ^ Moran, Edward; Locy, Toni; Marriott, Michel; Price, Debbie M; Scism, Leslie; Seymour, Gene (May 28, 1986). "They Led Scholars' Lives". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 3. ProQuest 1829468734. Retrieved July 14, 2024.
10. ^ O'Bryan, Ruth (July 8, 1987). "Confession Details Stalking, Slaying Of Islamic Scholars". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
11. ^ Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Joseph Louis Young, a/k/a Yusuf Ali (Court case). Vol. 524 Pa. 373. 1990.
12. Toth, Anthony B. (November 1986). "Focus on Arabs and Islam". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs.
13. "Fingerprint led to arrest of al-Faruqi murder suspect". UPI Archives. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. January 17, 1987. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
14. "Black Muslim Charged in Slaying of Islamic Scholar and His Wife". The New York Times. January 18, 1987.
15. ^ "A jury Friday sentenced Joseph Young to death in..." UPI. July 11, 1987. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
16. ^ Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Joseph Louis Young (aka Yusuf Ali) (Court case). Vol. 536 Pa. 57. 1993.
17. ^ Eshleman Jr., Russell E. (May 31, 1986). "4,000 Mourners Pray For The Soul Of Slain Islamic Scholar And Wife". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
18. Bell, Adam (March 11, 1996). "Inside the Capitol (Joseph Louis Young dies of natural causes on death row)". The Patriot News.
19. "Faruqi murders may have been vendetta". UPI Archives. July 30, 1986.
20. "Zionist backlash against Arab intellectuals". New Straits Times. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. August 21, 1986. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
21. Walz, L. Humphrey (August 11, 1986). "Religion and the Middle East". The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. V (5): 13.
22. Davis, Bridgett (May 24, 1987). "A Year after Stabbings, Fear Lingers on Street". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. H.25. ProQuest 1831236041. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
23. "Creepy! Philly Family Tries to Sell House Where Couple Was Slashed to Death". ABC News. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. October 27, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
24. Fletcher, Charles D. (2015). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi. I.B. Tauris. p. 213.
25. Yusuf, Imtiyaz (2014). "Ismail al-Faruqi's Contribution to the Academic Study of Religion". Islamic Studies. 53 (1–2): 99–115.
26. Ghamari-Tabrizi, Behrooz (2004). "Loving America and Longing for Home: Isma'il al-Faruqi and the Emergence of the Muslim Diaspora in North America". International Migration. 42 (2): 62–86. doi:10.1111/j.0020-7985.2004.00281.x.
27. Badri, M. (2014). "Psychological reflections on Ismail al-Faruqi's life and contributions". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. 31 (2): 145–152. doi:10.35632/ajis.v31i2.1052.

• 1986 murders in the United States
• Assassinations in the United States
• Palestinian murder victims
• American murder victims
• Deaths by stabbing in Pennsylvania
• People murdered in Pennsylvania
• Stabbing attacks in 1986
• Temple University faculty
• American people of Palestinian descent
• Islamic scholars
• Deaths by person in Pennsylvania
• Violence against women in the United States
• American art historians
• Anti-Palestinian sentiment in the United States
• Knife attacks in the United States
• Religiously motivated violence in the United States