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| Principality of Ryazan Grand Principality of RyazanВеликое княжество Рязанское (Russian) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1129–1521 | |||||||||
Symbol
| |||||||||
 Principality of Ryazan c. 1350 | |||||||||
| Status | Principality | ||||||||
| Capital | Ryazan | ||||||||
| Common languages | Russian | ||||||||
| Religion | Russian Orthodoxy | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Legislature | Veche | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| • Established | 1129 | ||||||||
| • Incorporation into Muscovy | 1521 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Principality of Ryazan (Russian: Рязанское княжество), later known as the Grand Principality of Ryazan (Russian: Великое княжество Рязанское), was a principality from 1129 to 1521. Its capital was the city of Ryazan, now known as Old Ryazan, which was destroyed in 1237 during the Mongol invasions. The capital was moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, later renamed Ryazan.
Initially a part of the Principality of Murom, it fully split off from the Principality of Chernigov by 1129 as Murom-Ryazan. Murom was taken by Moscow in 1392, while Ryazan later became dependent on Moscow and was formally taken over by Vasili in 1521, and incorporated into the centralized Russian state. It maintained its formal independence longer than any other Russian principality.
History
Early history
Initially a part of the Principality of Chernigov, Murom-Ryazan became a separate principality under the reign of Yaroslav Sviatoslavich after he was ousted from Chernigov by Vsevolod Olgovich, which remained in possession of his descendants after he died in 1129.
The political centre of the principality was later moved to Ryazan. By the end of the 12th century, the principality waged wars with the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Vladimir. In the course of that stand-off, the city of Ryazan was burned twice in a span of twenty years from 1186 to 1208. In 1217, there was a culmination point in the history of Ryazan when during the civil war inside the Duchy six leaders of the state were killed by Gleb Vladimirovich who later defected to the Cumans. Around that time the duchy came under significant influence of Vladimir-Suzdal which was a factor in the fight of Ryazan to resume its sovereignty. In 1217, Gleb Vladimirovich with the support of Cumans tried to take Ryazan back out of the influence of the neighboring northern principality of Vladimir, but he was defeated by another Ryazan prince Ingvar Igorevich who in turn became a sole ruler of the state.
In December 1237, the duchy became the first of all other former states of Kievan Rus' to suffer from the Mongol invasion. The duchy was completely overrun, with almost the whole princely family killed, the capital destroyed and later moved to the present-day location of Ryazan, located 40 miles north from the original site of the capital today known as Ryazan Staraya (Old Ryazan). In 1238, some of the armed forces of Ryazan withdrew to unite with the Vladimir-Suzdal army and meet with the forces of Batu Khan near Kolomna.
Golden Horde period
In 1301 Prince Daniel of Moscow took Ryazan due to the boyars' betrayal and imprisoned Prince Konstantin Romanovich [ru]. In 1305 Daniel's son Prince Yury of Moscow ordered his death. The two next successors of Konstantin were killed by the Golden Horde. In 1371, the Muscovites defeated prince Oleg II Ivanovich of Ryazan in the Battle of Skornishchevo; he was exiled for six months before returning to his throne. In 1380, Oleg II did not take part in the Battle of Kulikovo, although he was an ally of Mamai.
During almost all its history, the Ryazan Principality conflicted with its provincial Pronsk Principality until Ryazan completely annexed Pronsk in 1483 during the regency of Anna of Ryazan.
Annexation
In 1520, Grand Prince Vasili III of Russia captured and imprisoned in Moscow the last Grand Prince of Ryazan Ivan V because of his relations with the Crimean Khan Mehmed I Giray. In 1521, Prince Ivan Ivanovich fled into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After that, in 1521, the Ryazan Principality was merged with Muscovy.
List of princes
In Murom
- 1127–1129 Yaroslav I of Murom and Ryazan *
In Ryazan
- 1129–1143 Sviatoslav of Ryazan *
- 1143–1145 Rostislav of Ryazan *
- 1145–1178 Gleb I of Ryazan
- 1180–1207 Roman I of Ryazan
- 1208–1208 Yaroslav II of Ryazan
- 1208–1212 governors from Vladimir
- 1212–1217 Roman II of Ryazan
- 1217–1218 Gleb II of Ryazan
- 1218–1235 Ingvar I of Ryazan
- 1235–1237 Yuri of Ryazan
In Pereslavl-Ryazansky
- 1237–1252 Ingvar II of Pereslavl-Ryazansky
- 1252–1258 Oleg the Red *
- 1258–1270 Roman III of Ryazan, the Saint
- 1270–1294 Fyodor I of Ryazan
- 1294–1299 Yaroslav III of Ryazan *
- 1299–1301 Konstantin of Ryazan *
- 1301–1308 Vasily I of Ryazan *
- 1308–1327 Ivan I of Ryazan *
- 1327–1342 Ivan II Korotopol *
- 1342–1344 Yaroslav IV of Ryazan *
- 1344–1350 Vasily II of Ryazan *
- 1350–1402 Oleg II of Ryazan *
- 1402–1427 Fyodor II of Ryazan *
- 1427–1456 Ivan III of Ryazan *
- 1456–1483 Vasily III of Ryazan *
- 1483–1500 Ivan IV of Ryazan *
- 1500–1521 Ivan V of Ryazan *
See also
Notes
- "Ryazan". britannica.com.
- Meyendorff, John (2010). Byzantium and the rise of Russia: a study of Byzantino-Russian relations in the fourteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780521135337.
- ^ Fennell, John (2014). The crisis of medieval Russia, 1200-1304. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. pp. 11–12. ISBN 9781317873143.
- ^ Feldbrugge, F. J. M. (2017). A history of Russian law: from ancient times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649. Leiden. p. 35. ISBN 9789004352148.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Potter, George Richard (ed.). The New Cambridge Modern History, Volume 1. p. 521. ISBN 9781139055765.
External links
- (in Russian) Ryazan Principality
- (in Russian) Map of Ryazan Principality
- (in Russian) Genealogy of Princes of Ryazan
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