NPO may refer to:
Medicine
- Nil per os, Latin for "nothing by mouth", a medical instruction to withhold oral intake of food and fluids
- neurogenic pulmonary oedema
Science
- North Pacific Oscillation, a teleconnection pattern in atmospheric conditions over the North Pacific
- NP optimization problem, an optimization problem that is NP-hard
- NPO, characterizing thermal stability of a capacitor
- The NPO complexity class, standing for "NP-optimization problem", in computational complexity
Organisations
- Nonprofit organization
- National Portfolio Organisation, a UK-based culture and arts organisation receiving substantial funding from Arts Council England
- National Ports Organisation, former part of the UK Department for Transport
- National Preservation Office, part of the British Library
- Scientific Production Association (Nauchno-Proizvodstvennoye Obyedineniye), a form of scientific research-to-production facility in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.
- Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organization) ("Netherlands Public Broadcasting"), governing body of the Netherlands (Dutch) Public Broadcasting System
- Nederlands Publieke Omroepbestel ("Dutch public broadcasting system"), the public broadcasting service in the Netherlands
- Netherlands Pathfinder Organisation (Nederlandse Padvinders Organisatie), one of the organisations that evolved into Scouting Nederland, the national Scouting organisation
- NPO UK Ltd., a chain of stationery and book shops in Northern Ireland, now part of Eason & Son
- National Printing Office, one of the three recognized government printers of the Philippines
Other
- Nanga Pinoh Airport, by IATA code
- Pochuri language, by ISO 639 code
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