Naftali Hertz ben Yaakov Elchanan (Bacharach) (17th century) was a German rabbi, born in Frankfurt, author of the controversial work Emeq HaMelekh (Valley of the King, 1648, Amsterdam) on the subject of the Lurianic Kabbalah.
Works
His most well-known work, Emeq HaMelekh, was based mainly on Israel Sarug's Limmudei Azilut (published 1897), incorporating large portions of that text. It seems very likely that Bacharach borrowed heavily from many sources (including Sarug, Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, and Shabbetai Horowitz) without acknowledging the debt (Scholem 1974). The book had a major impact on later kabbalah as it was regarded among many, including the Chabad Hasidim and the followers of the Vilna Gaon, as an authoritative statement of Luria's kabbala. Its influence is also evident in Ramchal's system. The book indicates that, prior to the conquest of Jerusalem and the Babylonian captivity, the prophet Jeremiah hid the treasures of Solomon's Temple, with the assistance of five others.
Although Emeq HaMelekh contained approbations from well-respected scholars, it also met with substantial disapproval from contemporary kabbalists such as Chaim Joseph David Azulai, Berechiah Berak, and Moses Hagiz.
The book Emeq HaMelekh is the source for the famous story about the historic Avraham Avinu synagogue in Hebron. According to the introduction, a stranger appeared on the evening of Yom Kippur to serve as the 10th man of the minyan and thus complete the required number of people for a prayer service. After Yom Kippur, the rest of the congregation couldn't find him. That night, the hazzan of the synagogue dreamed that the man was speaking to him and told him that he was Avraham Avinu, the Patriarch of the Jewish people who is buried nearby in the Cave of Machpela. The full text of this story and the original cover of the book today hang on a plaque in the Avraham Avinu synagogue.
The second part of this work, under the title Gan HaMelekh, is a commentary on passages of the Zohar. It is still in manuscript.
Translations
The first two "Gates" of Sefer Emeq HaMelekh were translated into English.
References
- Pinson, R. DovBer; Hertz, R. Naftali (2015-06-10). Mystic Tales from the Emek HaMelech. Iyyun Publishing.
- Trachtenberg, Joshua (2004) . "HEBREW SOURCES, PRINTED". Jewish Magic and Superstition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 321. ISBN 9780812218626. Retrieved Aug 17, 2023.
- (Goldworm 1989, p. 158)
- See Scholem (1974) for more details.
- "The Avraham Avinu Synagogue: Miracle past and present by David Wilder". www.hebron.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "NAPHTALI HERZ BEN JACOB ELHANAN". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography: - Emeq HaMelekh: The Depth Of The King: Elhanan, Rab Naftali, Mystery Babylon, The Chief Magician Of: 9798709033481. Independently published. March 2021. ISBN 9798709033481. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- Goldworm, H. (1989). The Early Acharonim: Biographical Sketches of the Prominent Early Rabbinic Sages and Leaders from the Fifteenth — Seventeenth Centuries. New York: Mesorah Publications.
- Scholem, Gershom G. (1974). Kabbalah. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House.
- Bachrach, Naftali Hertz (2013) Sefer Emek haMelech (Hebrew Edition, reprinting)
- Brief explanation and English translation of Emeq HaMelekh
- Eliezer Baumgarten, Comments on Rav Naftali Bachrach's Usage of Pre-Lurianic Sources`, AJS Review 37:2 (November 2013) pp. 1–23
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