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Napaeus
Napaeus obesatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Infraorder:	Pupilloidei
Superfamily:	Pupilloidea
Family:	Enidae
Genus:	Napaeus Albers, 1850
Diversity
65 extant + 2 extinct + some undescribed species
Synonyms
Buliminus (Napaeus) Albers, 1850 Ena (Napaeus) Albers, 1850 Napaeus (Macaronapaeus) Kobelt, 1899· accepted, alternate representation Napaeus (Napaeinus) P. Hesse, 1933· accepted, alternate representation Napaeus (Napaeus) Albers, 1850· accepted, alternate representation

Napaeus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.

Distribution

Napaeus is endemic to the Macaronesia ecoregion: Azores and Canary Islands.

Species

There are three recognized subgenera, Macaronapaeus Kobelt, 1899, Napaeus Albers, 1850 and Napaeinus .

Species within the genus Napaeus include 18 species on the Tenerife, 17 species on the La Gomera and others. Additionally, 11 new species from the Canary Islands were described in 2011.

• Napaeus alabastrinus Frias Martins, 1989
• Napaeus alucensis Santana & Yanes, 2011- on La Gomera
• Napaeus anaga (Grasset, 1857)
• Napaeus aringaensis Yanes et al., 2011
• Napaeus atlanticus (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
• Napaeus avaloensis Groh, 2006
• Napaeus badiosus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus baeticatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833) - type species
• Napaeus barquini Alonso & Ibáñez, 2006
• Napaeus bechi M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1993
• Napaeus beguirae Henríquez, 1995
• Napaeus bertheloti (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)
• Napaeus boucheti M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1993
• Napaeus chrysaloides (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus consecoanus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus delibutus (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
• Napaeus delicatus Alonso, Yanes & Ibáñez, 2011
• Napaeus doliolum Henríquez, 1993
• Napaeus doloresae Santana, 2013
• Napaeus elegans M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1995
• Napaeus encaustus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
• Napaeus esbeltus Ibáñez & M. R. Alonso, 1995
• Napaeus estherae Artiles, 2013
• Napaeus exilis Henríquez, 1995
• Napaeus gomerensis G. A. Holyoak & D. T. Holyoak, 2011 - on La Gomera
• Napaeus grohi Yanes et al., 2011
• Napaeus gruereanus (Grasset, 1857)
• Napaeus hartungi (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
• Napaeus helvolus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus huttereri Henríquez, 1991
• Napaeus indifferens (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus inflatiusculus (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus interpunctatus (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus isletae Groh & Ibanez, 1992
• Napaeus josei Yanes et al., 2011
• Napaeus lajaensis Castillo et al., 2006
• Napaeus lichenicola M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2007
• Napaeus maculatus Goodacre, 2006
• Napaeus maffioteanus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus magnus Yanes, Deniz, M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2013
• Napaeus minimus Holyoak & Holyoak, 2011
• Napaeus moquinianus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus moroi Martín, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2011 - La Gomera
• Napaeus myosotis (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus nanodes Shuttleworth, 1852
• Napaeus obesatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus ocellatus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus orientalis Henríquez, 1995
• Napaeus ornamentatus Moro, 2009
• Napaeus osoriensis (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus palmaensis (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus procerus Emerson, 2006
• Napaeus propinquus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
• Napaeus pruninus (A. Gould, 1846)
• Napaeus pygmaeus Ibanez & Alonso, 1993
• Napaeus roccellicola (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus rufobrunneus (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus rupicola (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus savinosus (Wollaston, 1878)
• † Napaeus servus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus severus (J. Mabille, 1898)
• Napaeus subgracilior (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus subsimplex (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus tabidus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
• Napaeus tafadaensis Yanes, 2009
• Napaeus tagamichensis Henríquez, 1993
• Napaeus taguluchensis Henríquez, 1993
• Napaeus tenoensis Henríquez, 1993
• Napaeus teobaldoi Martín, 2009
• Napaeus texturatus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus torilensis Artiles & Deniz, 2011 - on La Gomera
• Napaeus tremulans (Mousson, 1858)
• Napaeus validoi Yanes et al., 2011
• Napaeus variatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus venegueraensis Yanes et al., 2011
• Napaeus voggenreiteri Hutterer, 2006
• Napaeus vulgaris (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)

Species brought into synonymy

• Napaeus arcuatus (Kuester, 1845): synonym of Pseudonapaeus arcuatus (Kuester, 1845) (unaccepted combination)
• Napaeus candelaris (L. Pfeiffer, 1846): synonym of Pseudonapaeus candelaris (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) (unaccepted combination)
• Napaeus coelebs (L. Pfeiffer, 1846): synonym of Pseudonapaeus coelebs (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) (unaccepted combination)
• Napaeus sindicus (Reeve, 1848): synonym of Pseudonapaeus sindicus (Reeve, 1848) (unaccepted combination)
• Napaeus vincentii (Gredler, 1898): synonym of Serina vincentii (Gredler, 1898)

References

1. Albers J. C. (1850). Die Heliceen, nach natürlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet. pp. 1-262, Taf. 1-59. Berlin. (Enslin). page 179.
2. ^ Yanes Y., Santana J., Artiles M., Deniz F., Martin J., Alonso M. R. & Ibanez M. (2011). "Five new Napaeus species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from Gran Canaria and El Hierro (Canary Islands)." Zootaxa 2901: 35–51. abstract.
3. ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=762701 on 2021-08-31
4. ^ Allgaier C. (2007). "Active Camouflage with Lichens in a Terrestrial Snail, Napaeus (N.) barquini Alonso and Ibáñez, 2006 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)". Zoological Science 24(9): 869–876. doi:10.2108/zsj.24.869.
5. Tuebingen University (2007, October 31). "Snails As Clever Builders: Active Camouflage In A Snail". ScienceDaily. Accessed October 8, 2010.
6. ^ Yanes Y., Martín J., Santana J., Holyoak G. A., Holyoak D. T., Artiles M., Deniz F. et al. & Ibáñez M. (2011). "Four new Napaeus species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from La Gomera (Canary Islands)". Journal of Conchology 40(4): 393–407. abstract.
7. ^ Holyoak G. A., Holyoak D. T., Yanes Y., Alonso M. R., Ibanez M. (2011). "Two new Napaeus species from La Gomera and La Palma (Canary Islands) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) ". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 140(1): 37–48. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/l869-0963/l40/037.
8. Alonso M. R., Goodacre S. L., Emerson B. C., Ibáñez M., Hutterer R. & Groh K. (2006). "Canarian land snail diversity: conflict between anatomical and molecular data on the phylogenetic placement of five new species of Napaeus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89: 169–187. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00670.x.
9. Castillo C., Yanes Y., Alonso M. R. & Ibáñez M. (2006). "Napaeus lajaensis sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from a Quaternary Aeolian deposit of Northeast Tenerife, Canary Islands". Zootaxa 1307: 41–54.

Further reading

• Alonso M. R., Henríquez F. & Ibáñez M. (1995). "Revision of the species group Napaeus variatus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Buliminidae) from the Canary Islands, with description of five new species". Zool Scr 24: 303–320.
• Yanes Y., Martín J., Moro L., Alonso M. R. & Ibáñez M. (2009). "On the relationships of the genus Napaeus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae), with the description of four new species from the Canary Islands". Journal of Natural History 43(35): 2179–2207.

External links

• "Species in genus Napaeus". AnimalBase.

• Enidae