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| Louis II | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Félix Cottrau after Jean-Baptiste Wicar | |
| King of Holland | |
| Reign | 1 – 13 July 1810 |
| Predecessor | Louis I |
| Successor | William I as King of Netherlands |
| Grand Duke of Berg | |
| Reign | 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 |
| Predecessor | Joachim |
| Regent | Napoleon |
| Born | 11 October 1804 Paris, First French Empire |
| Died | 17 March 1831(1831-03-17) (aged 26) Forlì, Papal States |
| Burial | Saint-Leu-la-Forêt |
| Spouse |
Charlotte Bonaparte (m. 1826) |
| House | Bonaparte |
| Father | Louis Bonaparte |
| Mother | Hortense de Beauharnais |
| Royal styles of Louis II of Holland | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Reference style | His Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) was King of Holland for less than two weeks in July 1810 as Louis II (Dutch: Lodewijk II). He was a son of Louis Bonaparte (King Louis I) and Queen Hortense. His father was the younger brother of Napoleon I of France who ruled the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland from 1806 to 1810. His mother was the daughter of Josephine de Beauharnais, Napoleon's first wife. His younger brother, Louis-Napoléon, became Emperor of the French in 1852 as Napoleon III.
Biography
Napoléon Louis's brother, Napoléon Charles, died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became Prince Royal of Holland. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, Marie Louise, gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, who was styled the King of Rome and later the Duke of Reichstadt.
In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of Berg, a status he kept until 1813.
On 1 July 1810, Louis I of Holland abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis. For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the invading French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned as Lodewijk II, King of Holland.
When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the Battle of Waterloo, the House of Bourbon was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the Napoleonic Empire.
On 23 July 1826 Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, Charlotte, who was the daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the Carbonari, an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy.
On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from measles, died in Forlì. Eventually, the French Empire would be restored by Napoléon-Louis's younger brother, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who became Napoléon III in 1852.
Napoléon Louis is buried at Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, Île-de-France.
Gallery
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Portrait by François Kinson, c. 1810
-
With family and Emperor Alexander I of Russia at Château de Malmaison
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Portrait with his father, Louis Bonaparte, by Jean-Baptiste Wicar
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Posthumous portrait, 1858
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Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg
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Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland
.jpg)
References
- Foissy, M. (1830). La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264 (in French). Paris: Vergne. p. 101.
- Bresler, Fenton (1999). Napoleon III: a life. HarperCollins. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-0-0025-5787-0.
| Napoléon Louis Bonaparte House of BonaparteBorn: 11 October 1804 Died: 17 March 1831 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byLouis I | King of Holland 1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810 |
VacantTitle next held byWilliam I as King of the Netherlands |
| Preceded byJoachim I | Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 |
Title abolished |
| Dutch royalty | ||
| Preceded byNapoléon Charles Bonaparte | Heir to the Dutch throne as Prince Royal of Holland 5 May 1807 – 1 July 1810 |
VacantTitle next held byWilliam Frederick as Prince of Orange |
| Monarchs of the Netherlands | ||
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) |  | |
| Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–present) | ||
| 1. See also the Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815) and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839). | ||
| Monarchs of Berg | |
|---|---|
| County of Berg (1071–1380) | |
| Duchy of Berg (1380–1806) | |
| Grand Duchy of Berg (1806–1813) | |
2.svg)