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Narrow-gap semiconductor

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All semiconductors with bandgaps smaller than silicon

Narrow-gap semiconductors are semiconducting materials with a magnitude of bandgap that is smaller than 0.7 eV, which corresponds to an infrared absorption cut-off wavelength over 2.5 micron. A more extended definition includes all semiconductors with bandgaps smaller than silicon (1.1 eV). Modern terahertz, infrared, and thermographic technologies are all based on this class of semiconductors.

Narrow-gap materials made it possible to realize satellite remote sensing, photonic integrated circuits for telecommunications, and unmanned vehicle Li-Fi systems, in the regime of Infrared detector and infrared vision. They are also the materials basis for terahertz technology, including security surveillance of concealed weapon uncovering, safe medical and industrial imaging with terahertz tomography, as well as dielectric wakefield accelerators. Besides, thermophotovoltaics embedded with narrow-gap semiconductors can potentially use the traditionally wasted portion of solar energy that takes up ~49% of the sun light spectrum. Space crafts, deep ocean instruments, and vacuum physics setups use narrow-gap semiconductors to achieve cryogenic cooling.

List of narrow-gap semiconductors

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (February 2019)
Name Chemical formula Groups Band gap (300 K)
Mercury cadmium telluride Hg1−xCdxTe II-VI 0 to 1.5 eV
Mercury zinc telluride Hg1−xZnxTe II-VI 0.15 to 2.25 eV
Lead selenide PbSe IV-VI 0.27 eV
Lead(II) sulfide PbS IV-VI 0.37 eV
Telenium Te VI ~0.3 eV
Lead telluride PbTe IV-VI 0.32 eV
Magnetite Fe3O4 Transition Metal-VI 0.14 eV
Indium arsenide InAs III-V 0.354 eV
Indium antimonide InSb III-V 0.17 eV
Germanium Ge IV 0.67 eV
Gallium antimonide GaSb III-V 0.67 eV
Cadmium arsenide Cd3As2 II-V 0.5 to 0.6 eV
Bismuth telluride Bi2Te3 0.21 eV
Tin telluride SnTe IV-VI 0.18 eV
Tin selenide SnSe IV-VI 0.9 eV
Silver(I) selenide Ag2Se 0.07 eV
Magnesium silicide Mg2Si II-IV 0.79 eV

See also

References

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