Misplaced Pages

List of National League pennant winners

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
(Redirected from National League pennant winners 1876–1900)

A group of men in white baseball uniforms with red pinstripes and red baseball caps high-five each other while passing in lines moving in opposite directions.
The Philadelphia Phillies won their second consecutive pennant in 2009 and lost to the San Francisco Giants in the 2010 NLCS.
Part of a series on the
Major League Baseball postseason
Wild Card Series
Division Series
League Championship Series
World Series
Teams

The National League pennant winner of a given Major League Baseball season is the team that wins the championship—the pennant—of MLB's National League (NL). This team receives the Warren C. Giles Trophy and the right to play in the World Series against the champion of the American League (AL). The current NL pennant winners are the Los Angeles Dodgers, who beat out the New York Mets to win the NL pennant in October 2024.

The trophy is named for Warren Giles, the league president from 1951 to 1969, and is presented immediately after each NL Championship Series (NLCS) by Warren's son Bill Giles, the honorary league president and former owner of the Philadelphia Phillies.

From 1876 through 1968, the pennant was awarded to the team with the best regular-season record. Beginning in 1969, the league was divided into East and West divisions, with the champions of each playing for the pennant in the League Championship Series (NLCS). Since 1995, there have been three divisions and a two-round playoff bracket which begins with two Division Series (NLDS).

The pennant has been awarded every year since 1876, except for 1994, when a players' strike forced the cancellation of the postseason. Until 1969, the pennant was presented to the team with the best win–loss record at the end of the season. In 1969, the league split into two divisions, and the teams with the best records in each division played one another in the NLCS to determine the pennant winner. The format of the NLCS was changed from a best-of-five to a best-of-seven format for the 1985 postseason. In 1995, an additional playoff series was added when MLB restructured the two divisions in each league into three. As of 2010, the winners of the Eastern, Central, and Western Divisions, as well as one wild card team, play in the NL Division Series, a best-of-five playoff to determine the opponents who will play for the pennant.

By pennants, the Los Angeles Dodgers (formerly the Brooklyn Dodgers; 25 pennants, 32 playoff appearances) are the winningest team in NL history. The San Francisco Giants (formerly the New York Giants; 23 pennants, 27 playoff appearances) are in second place, with the St. Louis Cardinals (19 pennants and 28 playoff appearances), in third place, followed by the Atlanta Braves (18 pennants and 23 postseason appearances between their three home cities of Atlanta, Milwaukee, and Boston) in fourth place and the Chicago Cubs (17 pennants and 20 playoff appearances as the Cubs and White Stockings) in fifth. The Philadelphia Phillies were NL champions in back-to-back seasons in 2008 and 2009, becoming the first NL team to do so since the Braves in 1995 and 1996. The Dodgers were also league champions in back-to-back seasons in 2017 and 2018. The modern World Series began in 1903, when the National League recognized the upstart American League, founded in 1901. There was an earlier "World's Championship Series" played between the pennant winners of the NL and the American Association 1884–1890; from 1894 to 1897 the NL's first- and second-place teams played a postseason series for the Temple Cup, which was considered to be the league championship. As of 2021, the Dodgers have the most modern-era World Series appearances at 21, followed by the San Francisco Giants with 20.

The team with the best record to win the NL pennant was the 1906 Cubs, who won 116 of 152 games during that season and finished 20 games ahead of the New York Giants. The best record by a pennant winner in the Championship Series era is 108–54, which was achieved by the Cincinnati Reds in 1975 and the New York Mets in 1986; both of these teams went on to win the World Series.

NL champions have gone on to win the World Series 51 times, most recently in 2021. Pennant winners have also won the Temple Cup and the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup, two pre-World Series league championships, although second-place teams won three of the four Temple Cup meetings. The largest margin of victory for a pennant winner, before the league split into two divisions in 1969, is 27+1⁄2 games; the Pittsburgh Pirates led the Brooklyn Superbas (now the Dodgers) by that margin on the final day of the 1902 season.

The only currently existing National League franchise to have never won an NL pennant are the Milwaukee Brewers; however, they did win a pennant during their time in the American League.

Key

Year Links to the corresponding "year in baseball" (1876–1900) or "Major League Baseball season" (1901–present) article
Team Links to the corresponding season in which each team played
Series Links to the corresponding "National League Championship Series" article
Record Regular season win–loss record
GA Games ahead of the second-place team (pre-NLCS era)
Ref Reference
Won World Series (1884–1890, 1892)
Won Temple Cup (1894–1897)
Won Chronicle-Telegraph Cup (1900)
Won World Series (1903–present)
E National League East division member (1969–present)
C National League Central division member (1995–present)
W National League West division member (1969–present)
† Wild card team (1995–present)

Single table era (1876–1968)

Two rows of men in white baseball uniforms. Those in the back row wear dark baseball caps with "P" on them while the men in the front row wear white hats and have "BOSTON" on the chest of their uniforms.
The Pittsburgh Pirates (back row) won the National League pennant in 1903, and played in the first modern World Series in baseball history.
A single row of men in white baseball uniforms with high socks and white baseball caps standing on a baseball field; their uniforms read "NY" across the chest.
The New York Giants won their first World Series appearance in 1905 after their owner refused to take part in the 1904 World Series.
Year Team Manager Record GA Ahead of Manager Ref
1876 Chicago White Stockings Albert Spalding 52–14 6 St. Louis Brown Stockings George McManus
1877 Boston Red Caps Harry Wright 42–18 7 Louisville Grays Jack Chapman
1878 Boston Red Caps Harry Wright 41–19 4 Cincinnati Reds Jack Chapman
1879 Providence Grays George Wright 59–25 5 Boston Red Caps Cal McVey
1880 Chicago White Stockings Cap Anson 67–17 15 Providence Grays Mike Dorgan
1881 Chicago White Stockings Cap Anson 56–28 9 Providence Grays Tom York
1882 Chicago White Stockings Cap Anson 55–29 3 Providence Grays Harry Wright
1883 Boston Beaneaters John Morrill 63–35 4 Chicago White Stockings Cap Anson
1884 Providence Grays Frank Bancroft 84–28 10+1⁄2 Boston Beaneaters John Morrill
1885 Chicago White Stockings Cap Anson 87–25 2 New York Giants Jim Mutrie
1886 Chicago White Stockings Cap Anson 90–34 2+1⁄2 Detroit Wolverines Bill Watkins
1887 Detroit Wolverines Bill Watkins 79–45 3+1⁄2 Philadelphia Quakers Harry Wright
1888 New York Giants Jim Mutrie 84–47 9 Chicago White Stockings Cap Anson
1889 New York Giants Jim Mutrie 83–43 1 Boston Beaneaters Jim Hart
1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms Bill McGunnigle 86–43 6+1⁄2 Chicago Colts Cap Anson
1891 Boston Beaneaters Frank Selee 87–51 3+1⁄2 Chicago Colts Cap Anson
1892 Boston Beaneaters Frank Selee 102–48 8+1⁄2 Cleveland Spiders Patsy Tebeau
1893 Boston Beaneaters Frank Selee 86–43 5 Pittsburgh Pirates Al Buckenberger
1894 Baltimore Orioles Ned Hanlon 89–39 3 New York Giants John Montgomery Ward
1895 Baltimore Orioles Ned Hanlon 87–43 3 Cleveland Spiders Patsy Tebeau
1896 Baltimore Orioles Ned Hanlon 90–39 9+1⁄2 Cleveland Spiders Patsy Tebeau
1897 Boston Beaneaters Frank Selee 93–39 2 Baltimore Orioles Ned Hanlon
1898 Boston Beaneaters Frank Selee 102–47 6 Baltimore Orioles Ned Hanlon
1899 Brooklyn Superbas Ned Hanlon 101–47 8 Boston Beaneaters Frank Selee
1900 Brooklyn Superbas Ned Hanlon 82–54 4+1⁄2 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke
1901 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke 90–49 7+1⁄2 Philadelphia Phillies Bill Shettsline
1902 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke 103–36 27+1⁄2 Brooklyn Superbas Ned Hanlon
1903 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke 91–49 6+1⁄2 New York Giants John McGraw
1904 New York Giants John McGraw 106–47 13 Chicago Cubs Frank Selee
1905 New York Giants John McGraw 106–47 9 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke
1906 Chicago Cubs Frank Chance 116–36 20 New York Giants John McGraw
1907 Chicago Cubs Frank Chance 107–45 17 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke
1908 Chicago Cubs Frank Chance 99–55 1 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke
1909 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke 110–42 6+1⁄2 Chicago Cubs Frank Chance
1910 Chicago Cubs Frank Chance 104–50 13 New York Giants John McGraw
1911 New York Giants John McGraw 99–54 7+1⁄2 Chicago Cubs Frank Chance
1912 New York Giants John McGraw 103–48 10 Pittsburgh Pirates Fred Clarke
1913 New York Giants John McGraw 101–51 12+1⁄2 Philadelphia Phillies Red Dooin
1914 Boston Braves George Stallings 94–59 10+1⁄2 New York Giants John McGraw
1915 Philadelphia Phillies Pat Moran 90–62 7 Boston Braves George Stallings
1916 Brooklyn Robins Wilbert Robinson 94–60 2+1⁄2 Philadelphia Phillies Pat Moran
1917 New York Giants John McGraw 98–56 10 Philadelphia Phillies Pat Moran
1918 Chicago Cubs Fred Mitchell 84–45 10+1⁄2 New York Giants John McGraw
1919 Cincinnati Reds Pat Moran 96–44 9 New York Giants John McGraw
1920 Brooklyn Robins Wilbert Robinson 93–61 7 New York Giants George Gibson
1921 New York Giants John McGraw 94–59 4 Pittsburgh Pirates George Gibson
1922 New York Giants John McGraw 93–61 7 Cincinnati Reds Pat Moran
1923 New York Giants John McGraw 95–58 4+1⁄2 Cincinnati Reds Pat Moran
1924 New York Giants John McGraw 93–60 1+1⁄2 Brooklyn Robins Wilbert Robinson
1925 Pittsburgh Pirates Bill McKechnie 95–58 8+1⁄2 New York Giants John McGraw
1926 St. Louis Cardinals Rogers Hornsby 89–65 2 Cincinnati Reds Jack Hendricks
1927 Pittsburgh Pirates Donie Bush 94–60 1+1⁄2 St. Louis Cardinals Bob O'Farrell
1928 St. Louis Cardinals Bill McKechnie 95–59 2 New York Giants John McGraw
1929 Chicago Cubs Joe McCarthy 98–54 2 Pittsburgh Pirates Jewel Ens
1930 St. Louis Cardinals Gabby Street 92–62 2 Chicago Cubs Rogers Hornsby
1931 St. Louis Cardinals Gabby Street 101–53 13 New York Giants John McGraw
1932 Chicago Cubs Charlie Grimm 90–64 4 Pittsburgh Pirates George Gibson
1933 New York Giants Bill Terry 91–61 5 Pittsburgh Pirates George Gibson
1934 St. Louis Cardinals Frankie Frisch 95–58 2 New York Giants Bill Terry
1935 Chicago Cubs Charlie Grimm 100–54 4 St. Louis Cardinals Frankie Frisch
1936 New York Giants Bill Terry 92–62 5 St. Louis Cardinals Frankie Frisch
1937 New York Giants Bill Terry 95–57 3 Chicago Cubs Charlie Grimm
1938 Chicago Cubs Charlie Grimm 89–63 2 Pittsburgh Pirates Pie Traynor
1939 Cincinnati Reds Bill McKechnie 97–57 4+1⁄2 St. Louis Cardinals Ray Blades
1940 Cincinnati Reds Bill McKechnie 100–53 12 Brooklyn Dodgers Leo Durocher
1941 Brooklyn Dodgers Leo Durocher 100–54 2+1⁄2 St. Louis Cardinals Billy Southworth
1942 St. Louis Cardinals Billy Southworth 106–48 2 Brooklyn Dodgers Leo Durocher
1943 St. Louis Cardinals Billy Southworth 105–49 18 Cincinnati Reds Bill McKechnie
1944 St. Louis Cardinals Billy Southworth 105–49 14+1⁄2 Pittsburgh Pirates Frankie Frisch
1945 Chicago Cubs Charlie Grimm 98–56 3 St. Louis Cardinals Billy Southworth
1946 St. Louis Cardinals Eddie Dyer 98–58 2 Brooklyn Dodgers Leo Durocher
1947 Brooklyn Dodgers Burt Shotton 94–60 5 St. Louis Cardinals Eddie Dyer
1948 Boston Braves Billy Southworth 91–62 6+1⁄2 St. Louis Cardinals Eddie Dyer
1949 Brooklyn Dodgers Burt Shotton 97–57 1 St. Louis Cardinals Eddie Dyer
1950 Philadelphia Phillies Eddie Sawyer 91–63 2 Brooklyn Dodgers Burt Shotton
1951 New York Giants Leo Durocher 98–59 1 Brooklyn Dodgers Chuck Dressen
1952 Brooklyn Dodgers Chuck Dressen 96–57 4+1⁄2 New York Giants Leo Durocher
1953 Brooklyn Dodgers Chuck Dressen 105–49 13 Milwaukee Braves Charlie Grimm
1954 New York Giants Leo Durocher 97–57 5 Brooklyn Dodgers Walter Alston
1955 Brooklyn Dodgers Walter Alston 98–55 13+1⁄2 Milwaukee Braves Charlie Grimm
1956 Brooklyn Dodgers Walter Alston 93–61 1 Milwaukee Braves Fred Haney
1957 Milwaukee Braves Fred Haney 95–59 8 St. Louis Cardinals Fred Hutchinson
1958 Milwaukee Braves Fred Haney 92–62 8 Pittsburgh Pirates Danny Murtaugh
1959 Los Angeles Dodgers Walter Alston 88–68 2 Milwaukee Braves Fred Haney
1960 Pittsburgh Pirates Danny Murtaugh 95–59 7 Milwaukee Braves Chuck Dressen
1961 Cincinnati Reds Fred Hutchinson 93–61 4 Los Angeles Dodgers Walter Alston
1962 San Francisco Giants Alvin Dark 103–62 1 Los Angeles Dodgers Walter Alston
1963 Los Angeles Dodgers Walter Alston 99–63 6 St. Louis Cardinals Johnny Keane
1964 St. Louis Cardinals Johnny Keane 93–69 1 Philadelphia Phillies Gene Mauch
1965 Los Angeles Dodgers Walter Alston 97–65 2 San Francisco Giants Herman Franks
1966 Los Angeles Dodgers Walter Alston 95–67 1+1⁄2 San Francisco Giants Herman Franks
1967 St. Louis Cardinals Red Schoendienst 101–60 10+1⁄2 San Francisco Giants Herman Franks
1968 St. Louis Cardinals Red Schoendienst 97–65 9 San Francisco Giants Herman Franks

League Championship Series era (1969–present)

See also: National League Championship Series and League Championship Series MVP Award
Three rows of men in various dark-colored suits; in the center, a gray-haired smiling man holds a white baseball jersey that reads "Bush" on the back in small red print with "06" in larger red print below it.
The 2006 St. Louis Cardinals won the World Series after capturing the National League pennant.
Two rows of men stand on a baseball field holding baseball caps over their hearts. A row of men in gray baseball uniforms and red caps are to the right of the image, while men in white baseball uniforms and blue caps are to the left. The stands are full with crowd members, and other people are standing in the outfield, seen in the background.
In 2008, the Philadelphia Phillies and the Los Angeles Dodgers faced off in the National League championship series for the pennant; the Phillies won, four games to one.
Year Series Winning team Record Games Losing team Record Ref
1969 1969 New York Mets 100–62 3–0 Atlanta Braves 93–69
1970 1970 Cincinnati Reds 102–60 3–0 Pittsburgh Pirates 87–63
1971 1971 Pittsburgh Pirates 97–65 3–1 San Francisco Giants 90–72
1972 1972 Cincinnati Reds 95–59 3–2 Pittsburgh Pirates 96–59
1973 1973 New York Mets 82–79 3–2 Cincinnati Reds 99–63
1974 1974 Los Angeles Dodgers 102–60 3–1 Pittsburgh Pirates 88–74
1975 1975 Cincinnati Reds 108–54 3–0 Pittsburgh Pirates 92–69
1976 1976 Cincinnati Reds 102–60 3–0 Philadelphia Phillies 101–61
1977 1977 Los Angeles Dodgers 98–64 3–1 Philadelphia Phillies 101–61
1978 1978 Los Angeles Dodgers 95–67 3–1 Philadelphia Phillies 90–72
1979 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates 98–64 3–0 Cincinnati Reds 90–71
1980 1980 Philadelphia Phillies 91–71 3–2 Houston Astros 93–70
1981 1981 Los Angeles Dodgers 63–47 3–2 Montréal Expos 60–48
1982 1982 St. Louis Cardinals 92–70 3–0 Atlanta Braves 89–73
1983 1983 Philadelphia Phillies 90–72 3–1 Los Angeles Dodgers 91–71
1984 1984 San Diego Padres 92–70 3–2 Chicago Cubs 96–65
1985 1985 St. Louis Cardinals 101–61 4–2 Los Angeles Dodgers 95–67
1986 1986 New York Mets 108–54 4–2 Houston Astros 96–66
1987 1987 St. Louis Cardinals 95–67 4–3 San Francisco Giants 90–72
1988 1988 Los Angeles Dodgers 94–67 4–3 New York Mets 100–60
1989 1989 San Francisco Giants 92–70 4–1 Chicago Cubs 93–69
1990 1990 Cincinnati Reds 91–71 4–2 Pittsburgh Pirates 95–67
1991 1991 Atlanta Braves 94–68 4–3 Pittsburgh Pirates 98–64
1992 1992 Atlanta Braves 98–64 4–3 Pittsburgh Pirates 96–66
1993 1993 Philadelphia Phillies 97–65 4–2 Atlanta Braves 104–58
1994 Not held due to players' strike.
1995 1995 Atlanta Braves 90–54 4–0 Cincinnati Reds 85–59
1996 1996 Atlanta Braves 96–66 4–3 St. Louis Cardinals 88–74
1997 1997 Florida Marlins 92–70 4–2 Atlanta Braves 101–61
1998 1998 San Diego Padres 98–64 4–2 Atlanta Braves 106–56
1999 1999 Atlanta Braves 103–59 4–2 New York Mets 97–66
2000 2000 New York Mets 94–68 4–1 St. Louis Cardinals 95–67
2001 2001 Arizona Diamondbacks 92–70 4–1 Atlanta Braves 88–74
2002 2002 San Francisco Giants 95–66 4–1 St. Louis Cardinals 97–65
2003 2003 Florida Marlins 91–71 4–3 Chicago Cubs 88–74
2004 2004 St. Louis Cardinals 105–57 4–3 Houston Astros 92–70
2005 2005 Houston Astros 89–73 4–2 St. Louis Cardinals 100–62
2006 2006 St. Louis Cardinals 83–78 4–3 New York Mets 97–65
2007 2007 Colorado Rockies 90–73 4–0 Arizona Diamondbacks 90–72
2008 2008 Philadelphia Phillies 92–70 4–1 Los Angeles Dodgers 84–78
2009 2009 Philadelphia Phillies 93–69 4–1 Los Angeles Dodgers 95–67
2010 2010 San Francisco Giants 92–70 4–2 Philadelphia Phillies 97–65
2011 2011 St. Louis Cardinals 90–72 4–2 Milwaukee Brewers 96–66
2012 2012 San Francisco Giants 94–68 4–3 St. Louis Cardinals 88–74
2013 2013 St. Louis Cardinals 97–65 4–2 Los Angeles Dodgers 92–70
2014 2014 San Francisco Giants 88–74 4–1 St. Louis Cardinals 90–72
2015 2015 New York Mets 90–72 4–0 Chicago Cubs 97–65
2016 2016 Chicago Cubs 103–58 4–2 Los Angeles Dodgers 91–71
2017 2017 Los Angeles Dodgers 104–58 4–1 Chicago Cubs 92–70
2018 2018 Los Angeles Dodgers 92–71 4–3 Milwaukee Brewers 96–67
2019 2019 Washington Nationals 93–69 4–0 St. Louis Cardinals 91–71
2020 2020 Los Angeles Dodgers 43–17 4–3 Atlanta Braves 35–25
2021 2021 Atlanta Braves 88–73 4–2 Los Angeles Dodgers 106–56
2022 2022 Philadelphia Phillies 87–75 4–1 San Diego Padres 89–73
2023 2023 Arizona Diamondbacks 84–78 4–3 Philadelphia Phillies 90–72
2024 2024 Los Angeles Dodgers 98–64 4–2 New York Mets 89–73

Notes

  • A mid-season labor stoppage split the season into two halves. The winner of the first half played the winner of the second half in each division in the 1981 National League Division Series. The winners played in the 1981 NLCS for the National League pennant.
  • The leagues were re-aligned in 1994 to three divisions and a wild card was added to the playoffs, but the labor stoppage cancelled the postseason. Wild cards were first used in the 1995 playoffs.

NL pennants won by franchise

Three rows of men in white baseball uniforms and dark caps; the rear row is standing, the middle row is seated (with a man in a tweed suit in the middle), and the front row is seated on the floor. The baseball uniforms have a dark Old English-style "B" over the left breast.
The 19th century Baltimore Orioles team won three National League pennants, one of three defunct teams to have won the league.
Two rows of men: one row standing behind a second row seated on the ground. The men are wearing white baseball uniforms with "Detroit" across the chest and white baseball caps.
The Detroit Wolverines won their only pennant in 1887, followed by a victory in the World's Championship Series.
Italics represent a franchise that is defunct in Major League Baseball as of the 2023 season.
Team Pennants won Postseason appearances Ref
Los Angeles Dodgers 25 38
San Francisco Giants 23 27
St. Louis Cardinals 19 32
Atlanta Braves 18 30
Chicago Cubs 17 21
Pittsburgh Pirates 9 17
Cincinnati Reds 9 16
Philadelphia Phillies 8 17
New York Mets 5 11
Baltimore Orioles (NL) 3 –
San Diego Padres 2 8
Arizona Diamondbacks 2 7
Miami Marlins 2 4
Providence Grays 2 –
Houston Astros 1 9
Washington Nationals 1 6
Colorado Rockies 1 5
Detroit Wolverines 1 –
Milwaukee Brewers 0 8

Notes

  • Previously known as Brooklyn Dodgers, Brooklyn Robins, Brooklyn Superbas, Brooklyn Bridegrooms, Brooklyn Grooms, Brooklyn Grays and Brooklyn Atlantics. Does not include American Association pennant won in 1889
  • Previously known as New York Giants and New York Gothams
  • Previously known as St. Louis Perfectos, St. Louis Browns, and St. Louis Brown Stockings. Does not include four American Association pennants won in 1885–1888
  • Previously known as Milwaukee Braves, Boston Braves, Boston Bees, Boston Rustlers, Boston Doves, Boston Beaneaters and Boston Red Caps
  • Previously known as Chicago Orphans, Chicago Colts and Chicago White Stockings
  • Previously known as Pittsburgh Alleghenys
  • Previously known as Cincinnati Redlegs and Cincinnati Red Stockings. Does not include American Association pennant won in 1882
  • Previously known as Philadelphia Quakers and unofficially as Philadelphia Blue Jays
  • The 19th-century Baltimore Orioles who played in the National League are no longer in existence; two current American League franchises later used the Orioles name (New York Yankees and Baltimore Orioles).
  • Previously known as Houston Colt .45s. Does not include four American League pennants.
  • Previously known as Montreal Expos. In 1994, the Expos led the National League East and had the best win–loss record in the league when the season was cut short by a labor dispute.
  • The Brewers were members of the American League through the 1997 season after which they switched to the National League. This table records only the Brewers' National League accomplishments. They won the American League pennant in 1982.

See also

References

General

Inline citations

  1. Jensen, Mike (October 16, 2008). "'Fantastic feeling' for Bill Giles". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 19, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  2. ^ "Playoff and World Series Stats and Results". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  3. "Season interrupted". Sports Illustrated. August 26, 2002. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
  4. Gillette, Gary; Gammons, Peter (2007). The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Palmer, Pete. Sterling. p. 1723. ISBN 978-1-4027-4771-7.
  5. Koppett, Leonard; Koppett, Dave (2004). Koppett's concise history of major league baseball. Carroll & Graf. p. 300. ISBN 0-7867-1286-4.
  6. "League Championship Series Results". Baseball Digest. Vol. 60, no. 10. Lakeside. October 2001. p. 74. ISSN 0005-609X.
  7. ^ "Pirates agree to move to new division". Ocala Star-Banner. September 16, 1993. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  8. Formosa, Dan; Hamburger, Paul (2006). Baseball field guide: an in-depth illustrated guide to the complete rules of baseball. Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 24–25. ISBN 1-56025-700-8.
  9. ^ "Los Angeles Dodgers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  10. ^ "San Francisco Giants Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  11. ^ "St. Louis Cardinals Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  12. ^ "Atlanta Braves Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  13. ^ "Chicago Cubs Team History & Encyclopedia". baseball-reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  14. Nightengale, Bob (October 27, 2009). "Phillies hoping for a rare back-to-back Series title". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 30, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  15. "1906 Chicago Cubs Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  16. "1906 New York Giants Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  17. "1975 Cincinnati Reds Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  18. "1986 New York Mets Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  19. Knowles, Richard George; Morton, Richard (1896). Baseball. George Routledge and Sons. p. 93.
  20. Good roads: devoted to the construction and maintenance of roads and streets. Vol. 31. Burton Publishing Company. 1900. p. 15.
  21. "National League". Baseball Digest. Vol. 40, no. 1. Lakeside. January 1981. p. 14. ISSN 0005-609X.
  22. "World Series Club History". Baseball Almanac. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  23. "History of the World Series – 1904". The Sporting News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
  24. "1876 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  25. "1877 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  26. "1878 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  27. "1879 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  28. "1880 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  29. "1881 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  30. "1882 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  31. "1883 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  32. "1884 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  33. "1885 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  34. "1886 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  35. "1887 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  36. "1888 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  37. "1889 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  38. "1890 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 30, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  39. "1891 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  40. "1892 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  41. "1893 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  42. "1894 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 18, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  43. "1895 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  44. "1896 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  45. "1897 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  46. "1898 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  47. "1899 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  48. "1900 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  49. "1901 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  50. "1902 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  51. "1903 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  52. "1904 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  53. "1905 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  54. "1906 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  55. "1907 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  56. "1908 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  57. "1909 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  58. "1910 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  59. "1911 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 27, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  60. "1912 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  61. "1913 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  62. "1914 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  63. "1915 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 19, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  64. "1916 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  65. "1917 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  66. "1918 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  67. "1919 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 31, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  68. "1920 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 22, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  69. "1921 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  70. "1922 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  71. "1923 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  72. "1924 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  73. "1925 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  74. "1926 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  75. "1927 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  76. "1928 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  77. "1929 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  78. "1930 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 21, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  79. "1931 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  80. "1932 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  81. "1933 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  82. "1934 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  83. "1935 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  84. "1936 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  85. "1937 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  86. "1938 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  87. "1939 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  88. "1940 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  89. "1941 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  90. "1942 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  91. "1943 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  92. "1944 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  93. "1945 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  94. "1946 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  95. "1947 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 18, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  96. "1948 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  97. "1949 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 22, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  98. "1950 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 15, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  99. "1951 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  100. "1952 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 16, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  101. "1953 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  102. "1954 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  103. "1955 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 15, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  104. "1956 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  105. "1957 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  106. "1958 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  107. "1959 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  108. "1960 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  109. "1961 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  110. "1962 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  111. "1963 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  112. "1964 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  113. "1965 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  114. "1966 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  115. "1967 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  116. "1968 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  117. "1969 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  118. "1970 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  119. "1971 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  120. "1972 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  121. "1973 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  122. "1974 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  123. "1975 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  124. "1976 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  125. "1977 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 7, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  126. "1978 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  127. "1979 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 7, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  128. "1980 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  129. ^ "1981 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  130. "1982 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  131. "1983 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  132. "1984 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  133. "1985 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 30, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  134. "1986 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  135. "1987 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on July 18, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  136. "1988 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 20, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  137. "1989 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  138. "1990 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  139. "1991 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on November 10, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  140. "1992 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  141. "1993 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  142. "1994 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 15, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  143. "1995 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  144. "1996 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on November 10, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  145. "1997 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  146. "1998 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  147. "1999 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  148. "2000 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  149. "2001 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  150. "2002 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 22, 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  151. "2003 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  152. "2004 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  153. "2005 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  154. "2006 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  155. "2007 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  156. "2008 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  157. "2009 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  158. "2010 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  159. "2011 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 13, 2011. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
  160. "2012 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  161. "2013 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  162. "2014 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  163. "2015 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  164. "2016 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  165. "2017 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  166. "2018 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  167. "2019 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  168. "2020 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
  169. "2021 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  170. "2022 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  171. "2023 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  172. "2024 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
  173. ^ "Pittsburgh Pirates Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  174. ^ "Cincinnati Reds Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  175. ^ "Philadelphia Phillies Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  176. "New York Mets Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  177. "Baltimore Orioles (NL) Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  178. "San Diego Padres Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  179. "Arizona Diamondbacks Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  180. "Florida Marlins Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  181. "Providence Grays Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  182. ^ "Houston Astros Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  183. ^ "Washington Nationals Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  184. "Colorado Rockies Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  185. "Detroit Wolverines Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on July 31, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  186. "Milwaukee Brewers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  187. "Complete Baseball Team and Baseball Team Encyclopedias". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  188. "Brewers switch leagues, join Reds in NL Central". The Kentucky Post. Associated Press. November 6, 1997. Archived from the original on May 5, 2005.

External links

Major League Baseball
2024 season
American League
East
Central
West
National League
East
Central
West
Schedule
Postseason
Business
Miscellaneous
History
Predecessors
Steroid usage
Timeline
National League
Organization
Current teams
East
Central
West
Former, relocated,
and disestablished teams
Championship play
Related articles
National League Championship Series
Major League Baseball awards and trophies
Team
Individual
Annual
Monthly
Weekly
Defunct
Other

Categories: