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Culture of East Timor
History
People
Languages
Cuisine
Religion
Art
Literature
Music
Sport
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The culture of East Timor reflects numerous cultural influences, including Portuguese, Roman Catholic, and Malay, on the indigenous Austronesian cultures in East Timor.

UNESCO activities

Timor-Leste become a state party to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention on 31 January 2017. It has yet to nominate possible inscriptions in any UNESCO networks such as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, World Heritage List, World Network of Biosphere Reserves, Creative Cities Network, and Global Geoparks Network. Major contenders for the country includes Atauro Island, which Conservation International has cited as having the most biodiverse waters in the world, Cultural Landscape of the Fataluku, and Historic Monuments of Dili.

Architecture

East Timorese architecture and landscaping is a combination of both Portuguese and indigenous Timorese. Many heritage districts, heritage towns, and heritage structures have been retained in Timor-Leste, unlike its Southeast Asian neighbors whose architectural styles have been dreadfully replaced by modern and shanty structures that have destroyed cultural domains. Timor-Leste does not yet have a policy to conserve its architecture and landscapes, but is still one of the few nations in Asia to possess well-preserved indigenous architecture and colonial architecture. A proposal is also being made by some locals for the establishment of a law which mandates all villages to have a single architectural and landscaping style to preserve their village/town aesthetics and culture.

Literature

Easily the most famous East Timorese author is Xanana Gusmão, the leader of the Timorese resistance organization Fretilin, and former Prime Minister of independent East Timor. He wrote two books during the struggle for independence. Also a poet and painter, he produced works describing the culture, values, and skills of the Timorese people.

Other important writers of Timor include: Luís Cardoso, Fernando Sylvan, Ponte Pedrinha, Jorge Barros Duarte, Crisódio Araujo, Jorge Lauten, Francisco Borja da Costa, Afonso Busa Metan and Fitun Fuik.

Music

Religion

East Timor has been nominally Catholic since early in the Portuguese colonial period. The Catholic faith became a central part of East Timorese culture during the Indonesian occupation between 1975 and 1999. While under Portuguese rule, the East Timorese had mostly been animist, sometimes integrated with minimal Catholic ritual, the number of Catholics dramatically increased under Indonesian rule. This was for several reasons: Indonesia was predominantly Muslim; the Indonesian state required adherence to one of six officially recognised religions and recognise traditional beliefs; and because the Catholic Church, which remained directly responsible to the Vatican throughout Indonesian rule, became a refuge for East Timorese seeking sanctuary from persecution.

The 'Apostolic Administrator' (de facto Bishop) of the Diocese of Dili, Monsignor Martinho da Costa Lopes, began speaking out against human rights abuses by the Indonesian security forces, including rape, torture, murder, and disappearances. Following pressure from Jakarta, he stepped down in 1983 and was replaced by the younger priest, Monsignor Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, who Indonesia thought would be more loyal. However, he too began speaking out, not only against human rights abuses, but the issue of self-determination, writing an open letter to the Secretary General of the United Nations, calling for a referendum. In 1996 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, along with exiled leader José Ramos-Horta, now the country's President.

However, in spite of the majority of the country's people now being Catholics, there is freedom of religion in the new secular republic, and the former prime minister Marí Alkatiri, is a Muslim of Yemeni descent.

Sports

East Timor has joined many international sport associations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC board has granted full recognition to the East Timorese Olympic Committee (COTL). The IOC had allowed a mainly symbolic four-member team to take part in the 2000 Sydney Games under the Olympic flag as "Independent Olympic Athletes." The Federação de Timor-Leste de Atletismo has joined the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). The Federação de Badminton de Timor-Leste joined the International Badminton Federation (IBF) in April 2003. The East Timor Cycling Federation has joined the Union Cycliste Internationale. The Confederação do Desporto de Timor Leste has joined the International Weightlifting Federation. East Timor is also a full member of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).

East Timor has taken part in several sporting events. Although the athletes came back with no medals, East Timorese athletes had the opportunity to compete with other Southeast Asian athletes in the 2003 Southeast Asian Games held in Vietnam in 2003. In the 2003 ASEAN Paralympics Games, also held in Vietnam, East Timor won a bronze medal. In the Athens 2004 Olympic Games, six athletes participated in three sports: athletics, weightlifting and boxing. East Timor won three medals in Arnis at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games. East Timor was also one of the competing nations in the first Lusophony Games, winning a bronze medal in the women's volleyball competition (finishing third out of three teams), despite the fact the team had lost all its three games. On October 30, 2008, East Timor earned their first international points in a FIFA match with a 2–2 draw against Cambodia.

Horse racing

Horse Racing is a popular sport in Timor Leste. Although less than 14 hands high, the Timor pony is used. It is renowned for its agility and strength. Regional race meets are held throughout Timor-Leste.

Film

An extensive collection of Timorese audiovisual material is held at the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia. These holdings have been identified in a document titled The NFSA Timor-Leste Collection Profile, which features catalogue entries and essays for a total of 795 NFSA-held moving image, recorded sound and documentation works that have captured the history and culture of Timor-Leste since the early 20th century. The NFSA is working with the Timor-Leste government to ensure that all of this material can be used and accessed by the people of that country.

The extensive audiovisual material in the Max Stahl archive on the independence of Timor-Leste have been inscribed in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2013 as "Birth of a nation: turning points."

Cuisine

The cuisine of East Timor consists of regional popular foods such as pork, fish, basil, tamarind, legumes, corn, rice, root vegetables, and tropical fruit. East Timorese cuisine has influences from Southeast Asian foods and from Portuguese dishes from its colonisation by Portugal. Flavours and ingredients from other former Portuguese colonies can be found due to the presence of Portuguese soldiers from other colonies in East Timor.

Public holidays

East Timor now has public holidays that commemorate historic events in the liberation struggle, as well as those associated with Catholicism and Islam. They are defined in the Timor-Leste Law no. 10/2005.

See also

• List of museums in East Timor

References

1. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "The World Heritage Convention has entered into force for Timor-Leste". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
2. "Atauro Island: scientists discover the most biodiverse waters in the world". The Guardian. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
3. "Uma Lulik – Lospalos, East Timor". Atlasobscura.com.
4. "Homepage". Nbcsports.com. 23 August 2015. Archived from the original on 2 November 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
5. NFSA provides insight into Timor-Leste history, Nfsa.gov.au
6. A connection with Timor-Leste, National Film and Sound Archive
7. "On the Birth of a Nation: Turning points | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". Unesco.org. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
8. "Timor-Leste Law no. 10/2005" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2008-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) (16.7 KB).

Further reading

• Parkinson, Chris (2010). Peace of Wall: Street Art of East Timor. Mulgrave, Vic: Affirm Press. ISBN 9780980637823.
• Pascoal, Ezequiel Enes (1967). A Alma de Timor vista na sua Fantasia. Lendas, fábulas e contos (in Portuguese). Braga: Barbosa & Xavier.
• Paulino, Vicente. «As lendas de Timor e a literatura oral timorense». In: Anuário Antropológico , v.42 n.2 | 2017, posto online no dia 12 junho 2018, consultado o 30 julho 2024. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/aa/2175; doi:10.4000/aa.2175 (In Portuguese).

External links

• Art of Island Southeast Asia, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

v t e Timor-Leste articles
History	Timeline Pre-colonial Timor Portuguese rule Colonial governors Japanese invasion Japanese occupation Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975) Indonesian invasion Indonesian occupation Provisional government Province of East Timor Dili massacre 1999 referendum 1999 crisis United Nations Administered East Timor International Force UNTAET Independence Tribunals 2006 crisis 2008 crisis
Geography	Border Cities, towns and villages Municipalities Islands Timor Atauro Jaco Protected areas Rivers Administrative posts Sucos Tatamailau Wildlife Plants
Politics	Constitution Elections Foreign aid Foreign relations Human rights LGBT Law enforcement Military Parliament Political parties President Prime Minister Supreme Court of Justice United Nations mission
Economy	Agriculture Centavo coins Energy Foreign aid Poverty Telecommunications Tourism Transport
Society	Cuisine Culture Demographics Education Health care Languages Literature Music Notable people Prostitution Religion Sex trafficking Sports Smoking Symbols Anthem Coat of arms Flag
Outline Index Category

• Culture of East Timor
• Festivals in East Timor
• Culture of Southeast Asia
• Austronesian culture