Assacumbuit, (c.1660–1727; many variant spellings, including Escumbuit, Nescambiouit and Nescambious), was a Native American leader of the Maliseet tribe of the Abenaki who was knighted by Louis XIV of France in 1706.
King William's War
During King William's War, he was first associated with the French in the siege of Fort St. John led by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville in 1696-1697 during the Avalon Peninsula Campaign. Even after the war was officially ended, Abenaki raids on the English colonists continued. On March 4, 1698 Maliseet Abenaki Chief Escumbuit led a group of 30 Native Americans in an attack on Andover, Massachusetts, the last and most severe Native attack on this town.
Queen Anne's War
During Queen Anne's War, he participated in the Northeast Coast Campaign. In early 1705 he was again in Newfoundland, where he participated in the Siege of St. John's and other French and Native American attacks against English colonial holdings. Later that year he was invited to France as part of France's bid for an alliance with his tribe. He returned to America in 1706. He fought in the 1708 Raid on Haverhill.
Fearsome reputation
His reputation among the English colonists of New England was notorious—they called him a "bloody devil", and accused him of killing many women and children.
Texts
- Abenaki Warrior: The Life and Times of Chief Escumbuit, Alfred E. Kayworth, 1998
See also
- Island Pond (Rockingham County, New Hampshire) - Escumbuit is namesake of island in the pond
References
- ^ Charland, Thomas (1979) . "Nescambiouit". In Hayne, David (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. II (1701–1740) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- Maine League of Historical Societies and Museums (1970). Doris A. Isaacson (ed.). Maine: A Guide 'Down East'. Rockland, Me: Courier-Gazette, Inc. p. 402.
External links
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- People of Queen Anne's War
- 1660 births
- 1727 deaths
- 17th-century Native American leaders
- Abenaki people
- Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
- Military leaders of the War of the Spanish Succession
- People of the Nine Years' War
- Military history of Acadia
- French history stubs
- Indigenous peoples of North America biography stubs