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No-wandering-domain theorem

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Mathematical theorem

In mathematics, the no-wandering-domain theorem is a result on dynamical systems, proven by Dennis Sullivan in 1985.

The theorem states that a rational map f : Ĉ → Ĉ with deg(f) ≥ 2 does not have a wandering domain, where Ĉ denotes the Riemann sphere. More precisely, for every component U in the Fatou set of f, the sequence

U , f ( U ) , f ( f ( U ) ) , , f n ( U ) , {\displaystyle U,f(U),f(f(U)),\dots ,f^{n}(U),\dots }

will eventually become periodic. Here, f denotes the n-fold iteration of f, that is,

f n = f f f n . {\displaystyle f^{n}=\underbrace {f\circ f\circ \cdots \circ f} _{n}.}
An image of the dynamical plane for f(z)=z+2\pi\sin(z).
This image illustrates the dynamics of f ( z ) = z + 2 π sin ( z ) {\displaystyle f(z)=z+2\pi \sin(z)} ; the Fatou set (consisting entirely of wandering domains) is shown in white, while the Julia set is shown in tones of gray.

The theorem does not hold for arbitrary maps; for example, the transcendental map f ( z ) = z + 2 π sin ( z ) {\displaystyle f(z)=z+2\pi \sin(z)} has wandering domains. However, the result can be generalized to many situations where the functions naturally belong to a finite-dimensional parameter space, most notably to transcendental entire and meromorphic functions with a finite number of singular values.

References


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