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Nocturnal (1961) for soprano, male choir, and orchestra, is a musical composition by Edgard Varèse with text consisting of syllables by Varèse and words and phrases adapted from House of Incest by Anaïs Nin (1936), revised and completed posthumously by Chou Wen-chung (1968), The piece is commissioned by and dedicated to the Koussevitzky Music Foundation, published 1972. It includes music for flexatone and two ondes Martenots. The use of Dada-like "meta-language" in Ecuatorial and in Nocturnal was suggested by Antonin Artaud. The premier was conducted by Robert Craft at The Town Hall in New York on May 1, 1961.

References

1. Keillor, John. Nocturnal at AllMusic
2. "Nocturnal (1961)", ChouWenchung.org.
3. Daniels, David (2005). Orchestral Music: A Handbook, p.399. ISBN 9781461664253.
4. Bramble, John and Bradley, Peter T. (2015). Modernism and the Occult, unpaginated. Springer. ISBN 9781137465788.

v t e Edgard Varèse
Compositions	Un grand sommeil noir (1906) Amériques (1918–1921) Offrandes (1921) Hyperprism (1922–1923) Octandre (1923) Intégrales (1924–1925) Arcana (1925–1927) Ionisation (1929–1931) Ecuatorial (1936) Density 21.5 (1936) Tuning Up (1947) Étude pour espace (1947) Dance for Burgess (1949) Déserts (1950–1954) Poème électronique (1957–1958) Nocturnal (1961)
Collaborators and influences	Milton Babbitt John Cage Krzysztof Penderecki William Grant Still Karlheinz Stockhausen Iannis Xenakis
Related	French electronic music Indeterminacy in music International Composers' Guild Music technology Musique concrète Sound mass
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