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Dutch politician (1921–2008)

Norbert Schmelzer
Schmelzer in 1966

Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 6 July 1971 – 11 May 1973
Prime Minister	Barend Biesheuvel
Preceded by	Joseph Luns
Succeeded by	Max van der Stoel
Member of Senate
In office 11 May 1971 – 6 July 1971
Leader of the Catholic People's Party in the House of Representatives
In office 7 December 1963 – 28 April 1971
Preceded by	Wim de Kort
Succeeded by	Cor Kleisterlee Jr.
Leader of the Catholic People's Party
In office 7 December 1963 – 25 February 1971
Deputy	See list Cor Kleisterlee Jr. (1963–1971) Piet Aalberse Jr. (1963–1969) Piet Engels (1969–1971) Gerard Veringa (1971)
Preceded by	Wim de Kort
Succeeded by	Gerard Veringa
Member of the House of Representatives
In office 2 July 1963 – 11 May 1971
In office 20 March 1959 – 19 May 1959
State Secretary for General Affairs
In office 19 May 1959 – 24 July 1963
Prime Minister	Jan de Quay
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Office abolished
State Secretary for the Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations
In office 29 October 1956 – 19 May 1959
Prime Minister	Willem Drees (1956–1958) Louis Beel (1958–1959)
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Theo Bot as State Secretary for the Interior

Personal details
Born	Wilhelm Klaus Norbert Schmelzer (1921-03-22)22 March 1921 Rotterdam, Netherlands
Died	14 November 2008(2008-11-14) (aged 87) Sankt Ingbert, Germany
Political party	Christian Democratic Appeal (from 1980)
Other political affiliations	Catholic People's Party (1952–1980)
Spouses	Carla Mutsaerts (m. 1950; div. 1977) Daphne Mary Nieuwenhuizen (m. 1977)
Children	3 sons and 2 daughters (first marriage)
Alma mater	Tilburg Catholic Economic University (Bachelor of Economics, Master of Economics)

Wilhelm Klaus Norbert Schmelzer (22 March 1921 – 14 November 2008) was a Dutch politician, diplomat and economist who served as party leader of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) from 1963 to 1971 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1971 to 1973.

Early career

Schmelzer attended the gymnasium of the Jesuit Sint Aloysius College in The Hague from June 1933 until July 1939 and applied at the Tilburg Catholic Economic University in July 1939 majoring in Economics. On 10 May 1940 Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands and the government fled to London to escape the German occupation. During the German occupation Schmelzer continued his study obtaining a Bachelor of Economics degree in June 1941 before graduating with a Master of Economics degree in September 1945. Schmelzer worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Economic Affairs from February 1947 until October 1956 for the department for Financial and Economic Policy from February 1947 until August 1951 and the department for European and International Policy from August 1951 until October 1956.

Political career

After the election of 1956 Schmelzer was appointed as State Secretary for the Interior in the Cabinet Drees III, taking office on 29 October 1956. The Cabinet Drees III fell on 11 December 1958 continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1958 when it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Beel II with Schmelzer continuing as State Secretary for the Interior, taking office on 22 December 1958. Schmelzer was elected as a member of the House of Representatives at the election of 1959, taking office on 20 March. Following the cabinet formation of 1959, Schmelzer was appointed as State Secretary for General Affairs in the Cabinet De Quay, taking office on 19 May 1959. The office of State Secretary for General Affairs was created specially for Schmelzer and was considered as a de facto Deputy Prime Minister. After the election of 1963 Schmelzer returned as a member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 2 July 1963. Following the cabinet formation of 1963 Schmelzer per his own request asked not to be considered for a cabinet post in the new cabinet. He was seen as a rising star by the Catholic People's Party's leadership and was considered as the favourite son to succeed Wim de Kort as the next Leader of the Catholic People's Party. The Cabinet De Quay was replaced by the Cabinet Marijnen on 24 July 1963 he continued serving in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher.

In November 1963 the Leader of the Catholic People's Party and parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives Wim de Kort announced he was stepping down as leader and parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives. The party leadership approached Schmelzer to be his successor, who accepted and became the leader and parliamentary leader, taking office on 7 December 1963. On 27 February 1965 the Cabinet Marijnen fell and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity and Schmelzer was appointed as formateur. Following a failed cabinet formation attempt he approached former Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences Jo Cals as a candidate for Prime Minister, Cals accepted and was appointed as formateur to form a new cabinet. The following cabinet formation of 1965 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Catholic People's Party, the Labour Party (PvdA) and the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) which formed the Cabinet Cals on 14 April 1965.

On 14 October 1966 Schmelzer proposed a motion in the House of Representatives that called for a stronger financial and economic policy to further reduce the deficit from the Cabinet Cals, Prime Minister Jo Cals saw this as an indirect motion of no confidence from his own party against his cabinet and announced the resignation of the cabinet that same day, the crisis would eponymous be called the Nacht van Schmelzer ("Night of Schmelzer"). The Cabinet Cals continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1966 when it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Zijlstra on 22 November 1966.

For the election of 1967 Schmelzer served as lijsttrekker (top candidate). The Catholic People's Party suffered a small loss, losing 8 seats but retained its place as the largest party and now had 42 seats in the House of Representatives. The following cabinet formation of 1967 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Catholic People's Party, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) which formed the Cabinet De Jong on 5 April 1967. In February 1971 Schmelzer unexpectedly announced that he was stepping down as party leader and that he would not stand for the general election of 1971 but wanted to run for the Senate. Schmelzer was elected as a member of Senate after the Senate election of 1971, he resigned as a member of the House of Representatives the same day he was installed as a member of Senate, taking office on 11 May 1971. Following the cabinet formation of 1971 Schmelzer was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet Biesheuvel I, taking office on 6 July 1971. The Cabinet Biesheuvel I fell just one year later on 19 July 1972 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Biesheuvel II with Schmelzer continuing as Minister of Foreign Affairs, taking office on 9 August 1972. In September 1972 Schmelzer announced his retirement from national politics and that he would not stand for the election of 1972. The Cabinet Biesheuvel II was replaced by the Cabinet Den Uyl following the cabinet formation of 1973 on 11 May 1973.

Late career

Schmelzer retired after spending 16 years in national politics and became active in the private sector and public sector; he occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards (Douwe Egberts, Akzo, Heijmans, Netherlands Atlantic Association and the Institute of International Relations Clingendael) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government (KPN, Public Pension Funds PFZW and the Cadastre Agency), as well as served as a diplomat and lobbyist for several economic delegations on behalf of the government and the European Economic Community. Schmelzer was also a prolific composer, pianist and poet having written more than a dozen compositions and poems from 1973.

Schmelzer, who joined the newly-formed Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) in 1980, was known for his abilities as a debater and negotiator. He continued to comment on political affairs until his death at the age of 87. He holds the distinction as the first State Secretary for the Interior and the first and only State Secretary for General Affairs.

Decorations

Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date	Comment
Honours
	Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre	Holy See	1957
	Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown	Belgium	1959
	Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour	France	1964
	Grand Officer of the Order of the Oak Crown	Luxembourg	1969
	Grand Cross of the Order of Merit	Portugal	1971
	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic	Spain	1971
	Grand Cross of the Order of Merit	Germany	1971
	Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George	United Kingdom	1972
	Grand Officer of the Order of the Liberator	Venezuela	1972
	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the White Elephant	Thailand	11 February 1973
	Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion	Netherlands	8 June 1973
	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau	Netherlands	15 March 1991	Elevated from Grand Officer (27 July 1963)
	Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit	France

References

"Norbert Schmelzer overleden" (in Dutch). Parool. 14 November 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
"Kabinetscrisis 1966: de Nacht van Schmelzer" (in Dutch). Parlement & Politiek. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
(in Dutch) P. J. S. (Piet) de Jong 5 April 1967 – 6 juli 1971, Geschiedenis24, 9 December 2005
(in Dutch) De putschisten zijn onder ons, De Groene Amsterdammer, 28 October 2005
"De Nacht die de Nederlandse politiek veranderde" (in Dutch). Historiek.net. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

External links

Official

(in Dutch) Drs. W.K.N. (Norbert) Schmelzer Parlement & Politiek
(in Dutch) Drs. W.K.N. Schmelzer Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal

Party political offices
Preceded byWim de Kort	Parliamentary leader of the Catholic People's Party in the House of Representatives 1963–1971	Succeeded byCor Kleisterlee Jr.
Preceded byWim de Kort	Leader of the Catholic People's Party 1963–1971	Succeeded byGerard Veringa
Preceded byWim de Kort 1963	Lijsttrekker of the Catholic People's Party 1967	Succeeded byGerard Veringa 1971
Political offices
Preceded byOffice established	State Secretary for the Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations 1956–1959	Succeeded byTheo Bot as State Secretary for the Interior
Preceded byOffice established	State Secretary for General Affairs 1959–1963	Succeeded byOffice abolished
Preceded byJoseph Luns	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1971–1973	Succeeded byMax van der Stoel

v t e Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Buys Gogel Van der Goes van Dirxland Röell Mollerus Van der Heim Van Hogendorp Van Nagell Reinhold Van Reede De Coninck Verstolk van Soelen H. van Zuylen van Nijevelt Huyssen van Kettendijke Schimmelpenninck van der Oye De la Sarraz Van Randwijck Schimmelpenninck Bentinck van Nijenhuis Lightenvelt Van Sonsbeeck Ja. van Zuylen van Nijevelt Van Hall Gevers van Endegeest Van Goltstein Van Hall Ju. van Zuylen van Nijevelt Van der Goes van Dirxland Ja. van Zuylen van Nijevelt Strens Stratenus Van der Maesen de Sombreff Huyssen van Kattendijke Cremers Ju. van Zuylen van Nijevelt Van Mulken Roest van Limburg Van Mulken Gericke van Herwijnen Van der Does de Willebois Van Heeckeren van Kell Van Lynden van Sandenburg Rochussen Van der Does de Willebois Du Tour van Bellinchave Van Karnebeek Hartsen Van Tienhoven Jansen Röell De Beaufort Van Lynden Ellis Van Weede van Berencamp Ellis Van Tets van Goudriaan De Marees van Swinderen Cort van der Linden Loudon Van Karnebeek Beelaerts van Blokland De Graeff Ruijs de Beerenbrouck Colijn Patijn Van Kleffens Van Roijen Van Boetzelaer van Oosterhout Stikker Beyen Luns Schmelzer Van der Stoel Van der Klaauw Van der Stoel Van Agt Van den Broek Kooijmans Van Mierlo Van Aartsen De Hoop Scheffer Bot Verhagen Rosenthal Timmermans Koenders Zijlstra Kaag Blok Kaag De Bruijn Knapen Hoekstra Schreinemacher Slot Veldkamp

v t e State secretaries for the interior of the Netherlands
Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations
Schmelzer Bot Westerhout Van Veen Van Stuijvenberg Polak Koning Stuiveling Van Leijenhorst Van Amelsvoort De Graaff-Nauta Van de Vondervoort Kohnstamm De Vries Hessing Bijleveld Knops Van Huffelen Szabó Van Marum

v t e Second Biesheuvel cabinet (1972–1973)
Preceded: First Biesheuvel cabinet Succeed: Den Uyl cabinet
Prime Minister	Barend Biesheuvel (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Ministers	Roelof Nelissen (Finance) Molly Geertsema (Interior)
Ministers	Norbert Schmelzer (Foreign Affairs) Dries van Agt (Justice) Harrie Langman (Economic Affairs) Hans de Koster (Defence) Louis Stuyt (Health and Environment) Jaap Boersma (Social Affairs) Chris van Veen (Education and Sciences) Bé Udink (Transport and Water Management and Housing and Spatial Planning) Pierre Lardinois (Agriculture and Fisheries) (1972–1973) Jaap Boersma (Agriculture and Fisheries) (Ad interim) Piet Engels (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)
Ministers without portfolio	Pierre Lardinois (Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs) (1972–1973) Molly Geertsema (Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs) (from 1973) Kees Boertien (Development Cooperation) Chris van Veen (Higher Education and Science Policy)
State Secretaries	Tjerk Westerterp (Foreign Affairs) Willem Scholten (Finance) Fons van der Stee (Finance) Hans Grosheide (Justice) Jan Oostenbrink (Economic Affairs) Adri van Es (Defence) (1972) Koos Rietkerk (Social Affairs) Kees Schelfhout (Education and Sciences) Roelof Kruisinga (Transport and Water Management) Werner Buck (Housing and Spatial Planning) Henk Vonhoff (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)

v t e First Biesheuvel cabinet (1971–1972)
Preceded: De Jong cabinet Succeed: Second Biesheuvel cabinet
Prime Minister	Barend Biesheuvel (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Ministers	Roelof Nelissen (Finance) Molly Geertsema (Interior)
Ministers	Norbert Schmelzer (Foreign Affairs) Dries van Agt (Justice) Harrie Langman (Economic Affairs) Hans de Koster (Defence) Louis Stuyt (Health and the Environment) Jaap Boersma (Social Affairs) Chris van Veen (Education and Sciences) Willem Drees Jr. (Transport and Water Management) (1971–1972) Bé Udink (Transport and Water Management) (from 1972) Pierre Lardinois (Agriculture and Fisheries) Bé Udink (Housing and Spatial Planning) Piet Engels (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)
Ministers without portfolio	Roelof Nelissen (Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs) (1971–1972) Pierre Lardinois (Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs) (from 1972) Kees Boertien (Development Cooperation) Mauk de Brauw (Higher Education and Science Policy) (1971–1972) Chris van Veen (Higher Education and Science Policy) (from 1972)
State Secretaries	Jan van Stuijvenberg (Interior) (1971–1972) Tjerk Westerterp (Foreign Affairs) Willem Scholten (Finance) Fons van der Stee (Finance) Hans Grosheide (Justice) Jan Oostenbrink (Economic Affairs) Adri van Es (Defence) Koos Rietkerk (Social Affairs) Kees Schelfhout (Education and Sciences) Roelof Kruisinga (Transport and Water Management) Werner Buck (Housing and Spatial Planning) Fia van Veenendaal-van Meggelen (Culture, Recreation and Social Work) (1971–1972) Henk Vonhoff (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)

v t e De Quay cabinet (1959–1963)
Preceded: Second Beel cabinet Succeed: Marijnen cabinet
Prime Minister	Jan de Quay (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Minister	Henk Korthals (Transport and Water Management and Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs)
Ministers	Edzo Toxopeus (Interior) Joseph Luns (Foreign Affairs) Jelle Zijlstra (Finance) Albert Beerman (Justice) Jan de Pous (Economic Affairs) Sidney J. van den Bergh (Defence) (1959) Jan de Quay (Defence) (Ad interim) Sim Visser (Defence) (from 1959) Charles van Rooy (Social Affairs and Health) (1959–1961) Victor Marijnen (Social Affairs and Health) (Ad interim) Gerard Veldkamp (Social Affairs and Health) (from 1961) Jo Cals (Education, Arts and Sciences) (1959–1961) Marga Klompé (Education, Arts and Sciences) (1961–1962) (Ad interim) Jo Cals (Education, Arts and Sciences) (1962–1963) Marga Klompé (Education, Arts and Sciences) (from 1963) (Ad interim) Victor Marijnen (Agriculture and Fisheries) Jan van Aartsen (Housing and Construction) Marga Klompé (Social Work)
State Secretaries	Norbert Schmelzer (General Affairs) Theo Bot (Interior) Hans van Houten (Foreign Affairs) Willem van den Berge (Finance) Gerard Veldkamp (Economic Affairs) (1959–1961) Frans Gijzels (Economic Affairs) (from 1961) Michael Calmeyer (Defence) Piet de Jong (Defence) Bauke Roolvink (Social Affairs and Health) Ynso Scholten (Education, Arts and Sciences) Gerard Stubenrouch (Education, Arts and Sciences) (1959–1962) (†) Harry Janssen (Education, Arts and Sciences) (from 1962) Eddie Stijkel (Transport and Water Management)

v t e Second Beel cabinet (1958–1959)
Preceded: Third Drees cabinet Succeed: De Quay cabinet
Prime Minister	Louis Beel (General Affairs and Social Affairs and Health)
Deputy Prime Minister	Teun Struycken (Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations and Justice)
Ministers	Joseph Luns (Foreign Affairs) Jelle Zijlstra (Finance and Economic Affairs) Kees Staf (War and Navy and Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies) Jo Cals (Education, Arts and Sciences) Jan van Aartsen (Transport and Water Management) Herman Witte (Housing and Construction) Marga Klompé (Social Work) Gerard Helders (Colonial Affairs)
State Secretaries	Norbert Schmelzer (Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations) Gerard Veldkamp (Economic Affairs) Harry Moorman (Navy) René Höppener (Education, Arts and Sciences)

v t e Third Drees cabinet (1956–1958)
Preceded: Second Drees cabinet Succeed: Second Beel cabinet
Prime Minister	Willem Drees (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Minister	Teun Struycken (Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations)
Ministers	Ko Suurhoff (Interior) (Ad interim) Joseph Luns (Foreign Affairs) Henk Hofstra (Finance) Ivo Samkalden (Justice) Jelle Zijlstra (Economic Affairs) Kees Staf (War and Navy) Ko Suurhoff (Social Affairs and Health) Jo Cals (Education, Arts and Sciences) Jacob Algera (Transport and Water Management) (1956–1958) Herman Witte (Transport and Water Management) (Ad interim) Jan van Aartsen (Transport and Water Management) (1958) Sicco Mansholt (Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies) (1956–1958) Kees Staf (Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies) (Ad interim) Anne Vondeling (Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies) (1958) Herman Witte (Housing and Construction) Marga Klompé (Social Work) Kees Staf (Colonial Affairs) (Ad interim) Gerard Helders (Colonial Affairs)
State Secretaries	Norbert Schmelzer (Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations) Ernst van der Beugel (Foreign Affairs) Gerard Veldkamp (Economic Affairs) Ferdinand Kranenburg (War) (1956–1958) Meine van Veen (War) (1958) Harry Moorman (Navy) Aat van Rhijn (Social Affairs and Health) Anna de Waal (Education, Arts and Sciences) (1956–1957) René Höppener (Education, Arts and Sciences) (1956–1957)

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