Misplaced Pages

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "North Khorasan province" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

North Khorasan Province Persian: استان خراسان شمالی
Province
Location of North Khorasan province within Iran
Coordinates: 37°22′N 57°16′E / 37.367°N 57.267°E / 37.367; 57.267
Country	Iran
Region	Region 5
Capital	Bojnord
Counties	10
Government
• Governor-general	Bahman Nouri
Area
• Total	28,434 km (10,978 sq mi)
Population
• Total	863,092
• Density	30/km (79/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+03:30 (IRST)
Main languages	Persian Kurdish Turkmen Khorasani Turkic
HDI (2017)	0.745 high · 29th

North Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان شمالی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country. Its capital is the city of Bojnord.

North Khorasan is one of the three provinces that were created after the division of Khorasan in 2004. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on September 29, 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on May 18, 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on May 29, 2004) were Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5.

History

Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and governments in its territory throughout history. Various tribes of Persians, Arabs, Turks, Kurds and Turkmens have brought change to the region time and time again. Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran into eight segments, of which the largest was the territory of Greater Khorasan. Esfarayen, among other cities of the province, was one of the focal points for settlement by Aryan tribes entering Iran.

The Parthian empire was based near Merv in Khorasan for many years. In Parthian times, Esfarayen was one of the important villages of Nishapur.

During the Sassanid dynasty, the province was governed by a Spahbod (Lieutenant General) called "Padgoosban" and four margraves, each commander of one of the four parts of the province.

In the year 651, the army of Islamic Arabs invaded Khorasan. The territory remained in the hands of the Abbasid clan until 820, followed by the rule of the Iranian Taherid clan in the year 896 and the Samanid dynasty in 900. Khorasan was divided into four parts during the Muslim conquest of Persia, each section being named after the four largest cities; Nishapur, Merv, Herat, and Balkh.

Mahmud of Ghazni conquered Khorasan in 994 and in the year 1037 Tuğrul Beg, the first of the Seljuq empire rulers, conquered Nishapur.

Mahmud Qaznavi retaliated against the invaders several times, and finally, the Qaznavi Turks defeated Sultan Sanjar. But there was more to come, as in 1157 Khorasan was conquered by the Khwarazmids. In 1220 was annexed by the Mongols of Genghis Khan. When in 1226 the great conqueror finally died, Khorasan was inherited by his son Tolui and then by Tolui's son Hulegu, the first emperor of the Mongolic Ilkhanate of Persia.

In the 14th century, a flag of independence was hoisted by the Sarbedaran movement in Sabzevar, and in 1368, Khorasan came into the hands of Tamerlane.

In 1507, Khorasan was occupied by Uzbek tribes. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, it was occupied by the Afghans.

In 1824, Herat became independent for several years when the Afghan Empire was split between the Durranis and Barakzais. The Persians sieged the city in 1837, but the British assisted the Afghans in repelling them. In 1856, the Persians launched another invasion, and briefly managed to recapture the city; it led directly to the Anglo-Persian War. In 1857 hostilities between the Persians and the British ended after the Treaty of Paris was signed, and the Persian troops withdrew from Herat. Afghanistan reconquered Herat in 1863 under Dost Muhammad Khan, two weeks before his death.

Demographics

Language and ethnicity

North Khorasan province is one of the most diverse territories in Iran today, largely reflecting the ethnic make-up of Iran. Most people in North Khorasan are Shia Muslims, who are often Khorasani Kurds, Persians, Khorasani Turks and so on, although there is also a small minority of Sunnis who generally are Turkmen. There used to be a sizeable population of Lurs inhabiting this province, however, most returned to their native area in western Iran as there are no signs of them in the province today.

Previously, there was a sizable community of Arabs who settled in the area during the Arab invasion of Iran. However, by 1875 they had intermarried so extensively with Persians and Turks that they were indistinguishable, having largely abandoned the Arab language and culture in favour of the local one.

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 791,930 in 198,626 households. The following census in 2011 counted 867,727 people in 240,885 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 863,092 in 254,747 households.

Administrative divisions

The population history and structural changes of North Khorasan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Cities

According to the 2016 census, 484,346 people (over 56% of the population of North Khorasan province) live in the following cities:

Attractions

This province contains many historical and natural attractions, such as mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves, and protected regions, and various hiking areas. Most of the historical relics are from the Qajar era, as earthquakes continue to ravage older relics.

The Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran lists 1,179 sites of historical and cultural significance in all three provinces of Khorasan.

Some of the popular attractions of North Khorasan are:

• Besh Qardash (five brothers) and Baba-Aman springs
• Jameh Mosque of Jajarm

Colleges and universities

• University of Bojnurd Archived 19 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine
• Islamic Azad University of Bojnurd
• Eshragh Institute of Higher Education (Bojnurd, North Khorasan)
• Islamic Azad University of Shiravan
• Hakiman Institute of Higher Education (Bojnurd, North Khorasan)
• Khorasan University of Medical Science (Bojnurd, North Khorasan)

Gallery

• Esfarayen
• Jajarm
• Bojnord
• Bojnord
• Bojnord
• Bojnord
• Faruj

See also

• Khorasan
• Greater Khorasan
• Razavi Khorasan
• South Khorasan
• History of Iran

Iran portal

Notes

1. Also romanized as Ostān-e Xorāsān-e Šomāli
2. Separated from Esfarayen County after the 2016 census
3. Separated from Jajarm County after the 2006 census
4. Separated from Maneh and Samalqan County after the 2016 census
5. Separated from Bojnord County after the 2011 census
6. Formerly Maneh and Samalqan County

References

1. OpenStreetMap contributors (25 October 2024). "North Khorasan Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 25 October 2024.
2. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): North Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
3. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
4. Habibi, Hassan (c. 2015) . Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 3223.1.5.53; Approval Letter 3808-907; Notification 84902/T125K. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
5. "همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014 . Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
6. "Kurds in Khorasan". Cultural and civil society of Khorasani Kurds. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
7. Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin; Melville, Charles, eds. (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran (Vol. 7): From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge University Press. pp. 183, 394–395. ISBN 978-0521200950.
8. Ewans (2002). Afghanistan: A short History of its People and Politics. Perennial. pp. 77. ISBN 006-050508-7.
9. Surveying and measurement plan of indicators of public culture of the country: North Khorasan Province, publication 2012 (National Bibliography Number: 2879739) Retrieved 10 December 2017
10. Shia and Sunni people of North Khorasan Province showed their empathy and sympathy to the world Retrieved 10 December 2017
11. The ethnic groups in Northern Khorasan, "", accessed in March 2014.
12. "C. M. MacGregor, Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan, London, 1879, p. 141 ", accessed in March 2014.
13. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): North Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
14. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): North Khorasan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
15. Hosseinnejad, Mohammad Reza (12 February 2023) . "Explaining the details of changes in national divisions in North Khorasan". mehrnews.com (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2024 – via Mehr News Agency.
16. Davodi, Parviz (c. 2021) . Divisional changes and reforms in North Khorasan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. Proposal 1/4/42/91526. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
17. ^ Mokhbar, Mohammad (7 August 2023). Approval letter regarding country divisions in North Khorasan and Golestan provinces. rrk.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
18. Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (c. 2021) . Distributional changes in North Khorasan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. Proposal 185757/42/4/1. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

External links

• The text of the law for division of Khorasan into three provinces (in Persian)
• Cultural Heritage Foundation of Khorasan

v t e Places adjacent to North Khorasan province
Balkan Province,  Turkmenistan Ahal Province,  Turkmenistan Ashgabat,  Turkmenistan Golestan Province North Khorasan Province Semnan Province Razavi Khorasan Province

v t e Provinces of Iran
Alborz Ardabil Bushehr Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari East Azerbaijan Fars Gilan Golestan Hamadan Hormozgan Ilam Isfahan Kerman Kermanshah Khuzestan Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Kurdistan Lorestan Markazi Mazandaran North Khorasan Qazvin Qom Razavi Khorasan Semnan Sistan and Baluchestan South Khorasan Tehran West Azerbaijan Yazd Zanjan

v t e North Khorasan Province, Iran
Capital	Bojnord
Counties and cities	Bojnord County Bojnord Hesar-e Garmkhan Raz Esfarayen County Esfarayen Safiabad Faruj County Faruj Garmeh County Garmeh Daraq Jajrom County Jajarm Sankhvast Shoqan Maneh and Samalqan County Ashkhaneh Pish Qaleh Qazi Shirvan County Shirvan Lujali
Sights	Sari Gol protected area Mofakham mirror house Salook Protected Area
populated places	List of cities, towns and villages in North Khorasan Province

• North Khorasan province
• Provinces of Iran