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North Pacific Coast Railroad

Postcard view of a train at Monte Rio station
Overview
Headquarters	Sausalito, California
Reporting mark	NPC
Locale	Marin and Sonoma counties, California
Dates of operation	1871–1907
Successor	Northwestern Pacific Railroad
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Previous gauge	3 ft (914 mm)
Route map Legend 84.3 Cazadero 82.1 Austin Creek 81.x Cazadero Redwoods 77.1 Duncan Mills 77.0 Russian River 75.5 Sheridan 75.x Mesa Grande 74.5 Cascade 73.8 Monte Rio 72.x Tyrone 71.7 71.6 Dutch Bill Creek 71.0 Tunnel 5 70.8 Dutch Bill Creek 70.5 Larry Creek 69.0 Camp Meeker 68.7 Maquire Creek 67.6 Occidental 66.9 Brown Creek 65.2 Salmon Creek 63.7 Freestone 62.7 Salmon Creek 62.2 Bodega Road 61.9 Elbias Creek 59.5 Valley Ford 58.8 Estero Americano 55.2 Fallon 54.9 Stemple Creek 53.7 Tunnel 4 53.1 Tomales 51.9 Tunnel 3 51.x Camp Pistolesi 51.2 Keyes Creek 50.5 Keyes Creek 49.4 Hamlet 45.4 Marshall 40.5 Millerton 36.4 Point Reyes 35.6 Arroyo San Geronimo 31.2 Tocaloma 27.9 Camp Taylor 27.0 Paper Mill Creek Sir Francis Drake Boulevard 25.8 Bottini 25.2 Lagunitas 23.1 San Geronimo 22.0 Woodacre 21.5 Woodacre Lodge 20.7 Tunnel 2 18.8 Manor 18.3 Fairfax 16.5 San Anselmo 14.7 Kentfield 13.4 Larkspur 12.6 Corte Madera 11.7 Alto tunnel 6.5 Sausalito 0 San Francisco This diagram: view talk edit

The North Pacific Coast Railroad (NPC) was a common carrier 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge steam railroad begun in 1874 and sold in 1902 to new owners who renamed it the North Shore Railroad (California) (NSR) and rebuilt the southern section into a standard-gauge electric railway.

The NPC operated in the northern California counties of Marin and Sonoma that carried redwood lumber, local dairy and agricultural products, express and passengers. The NPC operated almost 93 mi (150 km) of track that extended from a pier at Sausalito (which connected the line via ferry to San Francisco) and operated northwest to Duncans Mills and Cazadero (also known as Ingrams). The NPC became the North Shore Railroad (California) (NSR) on March 7, 1902. In 1907 the North Shore Railroad became part of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad (NWP). Southern portions of the line were standard gauged and electrified by the North Shore for suburban passenger service, though tracks north of Point Reyes Station remained 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge until abandonment in the late 1930s.

Route

Mileposts conform to Southern Pacific Railroad convention of distance from San Francisco:

• San Francisco – Sausalito via Ferry
• Sausalito (milepost 6.5)
• San Rafael
• Junction (later known as San Anselmo) (milepost 16.5)
• Fairfax (milepost 18.3)
• Point Reyes Station (milepost 36.4)
• Marshall (milepost 45.4)
• Tomales (milepost 53.1)
• Valley Ford (milepost 59.5)
• Freestone (milepost 63.7)
• Occidental (milepost 67.6)
• Monte Rio (milepost 73.8)
• Duncans Mills (milepost 77.1)
• Cazadero (milepost 84.3)

Subsequent to abandonment, a 4-mile (6.4 km) segment around Samuel P. Taylor State Park was converted into a rail trail: the Cross Marin Trail. It includes a segment in Tocaloma as well as the bridge over Lagunitas Creek and Sir Francis Drake Boulevard.

Electrification

The NSR was operated by John Martin and Eugene de Sabla Jr., pioneers in the electric railroad business. The southern 23 miles (37 km) of line were modernized to allow operation of standard-gauge electric passenger cars in addition to narrow-gauge steam-powered freight trains. Electric cars sometimes shared dual-gauge tracks with the steam trains, while at other locations a separate track for the electric cars was constructed parallel to the narrow-gauge route. The line was ultimately double tracked from Sausalito to San Anselmo except for the Alto tunnel. A power house was built at Alto and power was also purchased at San Rafael. Direct current electrical power was transmitted to the trains at 600 volts by a third rail (which was actually a fourth rail on the dual-gauge segments.) Service started to Mill Valley on August 20, 1903, and to San Rafael on October 17, 1903. It was the first United States steam railroad electrified for operational efficiency rather than for smoke abatement. The railroad established practices later used in Grand Central Terminal and the interborough subways of New York City. The electric lines were expanded after 1907 as part of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad. Interurban services ceased on February 28, 1941.

Locomotives

Photograph	Number	Name	Builder	Type	Date	Works number	Notes
	1	Saucelito	Baldwin Locomotive Works	2-6-0	1873	3495	sold to White Lumber Company of Elk, California 1876
	2	San Rafael	Mason Machine Works	0-4-4T	1874	537	burned at Tomales 1905 & rebuilt became NWP #89
	3	Tomales	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1875	3722	became NWP #83
	4	Olema	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1874	3629	wrecked 1894 & rebuilt became NWP #81
	5	Bodega	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1875	3703	dismantled by 1897
	6	Valley Ford	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1874	3664	leased to Dollar Lumber Company in 1899
	7	Tamalpais	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1875	3721
	8	Bully Boy	Mason Machine Works	0-6-6T	1877	584	burned at Tomales 1905
	9	M. S. Latham	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1875	3749	wrecked 14 January 1894 at Elim Grove trestle over Austin Creek
	10	Bloomfield	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1876	3840	sold 1895 Guatemala Western #1
	11	Marin	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1876	3842	became NWP #82
	12	Sonoma	Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1876	3843	sold 1879 Nevada Central #5 (preserved at California State Railroad Museum)
	13		Baldwin Locomotive Works	2-6-0	1883	6611	became NWP #195
	14		Brooks Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1891	1885	became NWP #92
	15		Brooks Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1891	1886	became NWP #90
	16		Brooks Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1894	2421	became NWP #91
	17		Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1875	3749	NPC 1894 rebuild of wreck-damaged #9 wrecked again in 1900
	18		Brooks Locomotive Works	4-6-0	1899	3418	reputedly the largest 3 ft (914 mm) gauge locomotive in the world when built. Became NWP #145 then #95
	20		NPC Sausalito shop	4-4-0	1900	1	became NWP #84
	21	Thomas-Stetson	NPC Sausalito shop	4-4-0	1901	2	cab-forward rebuild of #5 scrapped 1905
	22		Baldwin Locomotive Works	4-4-0	1874	3664	former #6 renumbered when returned from Dollar Lumber Company in 1901

Roster of electric cars

Ferries

• Lagunitas, launched 31 January 1903 from the W. A. Boole & Son shipyard in Oakland

Remains

All of the NPC trackage has been abandoned either by the NPC or the NWP. Some of the original right of way can be seen at the Samuel P. Taylor State Park near Fairfax, and along the shores of Tomales Bay and Keyes Estuary. Former stations remain in San Anselmo, Duncans Mills, and Point Reyes Station. The wooden water tank and a freight shed are maintained and in good condition at Freestone.

One NPC steam locomotive, No.12 the "Sonoma," remains as a restored static exhibit in its circa 1870s appearance at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento. A flatcar NS 1725 and caboose NS 2002 (as NWP 6101) have been restored and are operated by the Society for the Preservation of Carter Railroad Resources at its Railroad Museum at Ardenwood in Fremont, CA. Several former railroad cars are located at Duncans Mills; one, a former passenger coach, was used as the Point Reyes Station library beginning in 1931.

• A former tunnel near Keys Creek
• Caboose #2 preserved adjacent to the depot at Duncans Mills, California
• Inside the tunnel
• Bridge over Keys Estuary, viewed from California State Route 1
• Former railroad grade adjacent to Tomales Bay, viewed from California State Route 1

References

• Demoro, Harre W. (1983). Electric Railway Pioneer: Commuting on the Northwestern Pacific, 1903-1941. Interurban Press. ISBN 0-916374-55-6.
• Dickinson, A. Bray (1970). Narrow Gauge to the Redwoods. Trans-Anglo Books. ISBN 0-87046-010-2.
• Dickinson, A. Bray (1974). Narrow Gauge to the Redwoods. Trans-Anglo Books. ISBN 0-87046-010-2.
• Kneiss, Gilbert H. (1956). Redwood Railways. Berkeley, California: Howell-North.
• MacGregor, Bruce. Palo Alto (2003). The Birth of California Narrow Gauge. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3550-6.
• Stindt, Fred (1974). Trains to the Russian River. Railway and Locomotive Historical Society.
• Stindt, Fred. Kelseyville and Modesto (1982) . The Northwestern Pacific Railroad: Redwood Empire Route. Dunscomb Press. Library of Congress Catalog No.64-24033.
• Sievers, Wald & Stindt, Fred (1969). N.W.P. Narrow Gauge. The Western Railroader.

Notes

1. Stindt (1964) pp.88-89
2. Dunham, Tracy (August 10, 2014). "Hike of the Week: Cross Marin Trail is level, shaded and ready for feet or bikes". Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
3. "Cross Marin Trailhead". National Park Service. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
4. Stindt (1964) p.31
5. Demoro (1986) pp.13 & 88
6. Wood, Jim (18 November 2016). "Remnants of the Rail Era". Marin Magazine. December 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
7. Dickinson (1970) pp.132-133
8. Dickinson (1974) p.27
9. Dickinson (1974) pp.27,72-74,108,110 & 155
10. Dickinson (1974) pp.5,63,67,136 & 150
11. Dickinson (1974) pp.10,68,87 & 148
12. Dickinson (1974) pp.40 & 137
13. ^ Kneiss (1956) p.140
14. Dickinson (1974) pp.66-67,115 & 134
15. Dickinson (1974) pp.50,134 & 156
16. Dickinson (1970) pp.46 & 83-83
17. Dickinson (1974) pp.88-89
18. Dickinson (1974) p.46
19. Dickinson (1974) pp.55,80 & 116
20. Dickinson (1974) pp.87,109.113,& 136
21. Dickinson (1974) pp.76,109 & 137
22. Dickinson (1974) p.82
23. Dickinson (1974) pp.70,96 & 120
24. Dickinson (1974) pp.91 & 155
25. Dickinson (1974) pp.2,92,107 & 114
26. Dickinson (1974) pp.93-94,115 & 156
27. Patented water tube boiler: Patent #682,765, application filed 20 June 1901, patent granted 17 September 1901.
28. Patented cab forward: Patent #35,806, application filed 25 November 1901, patent granted 11 March 1902.
29. Kyle K Wyatt: Cab Forward Locomotives, 30 November 2006.
30. ^ Stindt (1964) p.214
31. ^ Stindt (1964) p.220
32. Stindt (1964) p.218
33. Bunker, Kevin V. (2017). "Preliminary Restoration Analysis of Northwestern Pacific Railroad Caboose No. 6101" (PDF). Society for the Preservation of Carter Railroad Resources, Inc.
34. "The Point Reyes Station Branch of the Marin County Free Library, located in a railway coach, 1931 [photograph]". Marin County Free Library. May 1931.
35. Gross, Stephen D. (November 17, 2014). "Off The Rails: Duncans Mills caboose now holds a library". Press Democrat.

External links

• PacificNG.com: North Pacific Coast Railroad
• Society for the Preservation of Carter Railroad Resources: Flatcar NS 1725

• Defunct California railroads
• Narrow gauge railroads in California
• 3 ft gauge railways in the United States
• History of Marin County, California
• History of Sonoma County, California
• Predecessors of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad
• Predecessors of the Southern Pacific Transportation Company
• Public transportation in Marin County, California
• Transportation in Marin County, California
• Transportation in Sonoma County, California
• Sausalito, California
• West Marin
• Railway companies established in 1871
• 1871 establishments in California
• Railway companies disestablished in 1902
• 1902 disestablishments in California
• Tiburon, California
• Mill Valley, California
• Interurban railways in California
• 600 V DC railway electrification