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Non-games are a class of software on the border between video games and toys. The term "non-game game" was coined by late Nintendo president Satoru Iwata, who describes it as "a form of entertainment that really doesn't have a winner, or even a real conclusion". Will Wright had previously used the term "software toy" for the same purpose. The main difference between non-games and traditional video games is the lack of structured goals, objectives, and challenges. This allows the player a greater degree of self-expression through freeform play, since they can set up their own goals to achieve. Some genres that have been considered non-games include language-learning software, digital tabletop games, puzzle games, simulation games, and art games.

History

Non-games have existed since the early days of video games, although there hasn't been a specific term for them. One of the first is Atari Inc.’s 1977 Surround, a two-player snake game for the Atari VCS, which contains a free-form drawing mode called "Video Graffiti." Later examples which were sold as games but present a less structured experience are Alien Garden (Epyx, 1982), Moondust (Creative Software, 1983), Worms? (one of the 1983 launch titles from Electronic Arts), I, Robot (Atari, 1983) which contains an "ungame mode" called "Doodle City," and Jeff Minter's Psychedelia (Llamasoft, 1984), which is an interactive light synthesizer.

Bill Budge's Pinball Construction Set (Electronic Arts, 1983) popularized software where building something is more entertaining than playing the finished product. To a lesser extent, some games became construction sets through the inclusion of level editors, like Doug Smith's Lode Runner (Broderbund, 1983), Ron Rosen's Mr. Robot and His Robot Factory (Datamost, 1983), and John Anderson's Rally Speedway (Adventure International, 1983). Other more proper construction sets followed, such as EA's Adventure Construction Set (1984) and Racing Destruction Set (1985).

In January 1984, Joel Gluck presented a simple toy called Bounce in his game design column in ANALOG Computing. Bounce lets users draw low-resolution lines, then release a block that leaves a trail as it moves across the screen, making patterns as it reflects off of obstacles (other than its own trail). The program is specifically designed not to have goals or scorekeeping, other than what's in the user's head. Bounce was revisited several times in ANALOG, including a version which allows multiple active blocks at once.

The 1989 simulation game SimCity was called a software toy by its creator Will Wright, since there is no ultimate objective in the main game; scenarios with objectives exist in some incarnations of the game, such as SimCity 2000, but these are not the focus.

Non-games have been particularly successful on the Nintendo DS and Wii, where a broad range of Japanese titles have appealed to a growing number of casual gamers. Types of non-games included language-learning software for English and Japanese (including one for the memorization of kanji), Go-learning games, puzzle games, and cooking games.

See also

• Falling sand game
• Sandbox game
• Serious game
• Video games as an art form

References

1. IGN: GDC 2005: Iwata Keynote Transcript Archived 2007-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, March 2005
2. "I want my software toy". Brainy Gamer. September 25, 2008. Archived from the original on June 19, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
3. Francisco Queiroz: Insular, Critical Appraisal. September 2005
4. Gluck, Joel (January 1984). "Our Game". ANALOG Computing (15).
5. Gluck, Joel (February 1985). "More Fun with Bounce!". ANALOG Computing (27). Archived from the original on 2015-05-24. Retrieved 2015-05-21.
6. "The History of Civilization at GamaSutra". Archived from the original on 2008-05-31. Retrieved 2009-01-28.
7. Gpara.com Archived 2015-05-24 at the Wayback Machine: non-games sales figures in Japan, May 2007 (in Japanese)
8. ^ IGN: Non-Game Flood: Twelve more non games are set for the Japanese DS Archived 2012-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, July 2006

Further reading

• gamesindustry.biz: When is a game not a game?
• Lost Garden at the Wayback Machine (archived June 15, 2005)
• Qubrix Brain Twister - a 3D combinatorics toy.

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Action	Platformer Endless runner Platform fighter Shooter Arena First-person Hero Light gun Shoot 'em up Bullet hell Rail Twin-stick Tactical Third-person Survival Battle royale Survival horror Other Beat 'em up Hack and slash Fighting Platform fighter Maze Pac-Man clone Snake Stealth
Action-adventure	Grand Theft Auto clone Metroidvania
Adventure	Escape room Graphic adventure Interactive fiction Interactive film Visual novel Walking sim
Digital tabletop	Deck-building Roguelike deck-building Digital collectible card
Puzzle	Hidden object Sokoban Tile-matching
Role-playing	Action role-playing Looter shooter Soulslike Dungeon crawl MMORPG Monster-taming Roguelike Roguelike deck-building Tactical role-playing
Simulation	Life Dating Farming God Social Virtual pet CMS Business City-building Government Sports Fishing Racing Kart racing Sim racing Vehicle Flight simulation Combat Lunar Lander Space Submarine simulator Train simulator Vehicular combat Other Falling-sand Immersive sim
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Other genres	Cozy Fitness Horror Survival horror Incremental Music Rhythm Non-game Party Photography Programming Typing
Related concepts	Themes Advergame Bishōjo Christian Comedy Educational Girls Licensed Otome Sexual Eroge Nonviolent Personalized Sci-fi Serious Art Climate change News Player modes Multiplayer Co-op MMO PVP Single-player Production AAA Indie Doujin soft Fan game Design Casual Hypercasual Emergent gameplay FMV Gacha Kaizo Masocore Nonlinear gameplay Open world Sandbox Side-scrolling Twitch gameplay Vertically scrolling Other Minigame Toys-to-life Video game clone Video game modding Video game remake

• Non-games
• Video game genres