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Novi Sad railway station canopy collapse

Canopy of the main railway station in Novi Sad, Serbia, after the collapse
Date	1 November 2024
Time	11:52 (CET)
Location	Novi Sad railway station, Novi Sad, Serbia
Coordinates	45°15′56″N 19°49′46″E / 45.26556°N 19.82944°E / 45.26556; 19.82944
Type	Structural failure
Cause	Under investigation
Deaths	15
Non-fatal injuries	2

On 1 November 2024, the concrete canopy of the main railway station in Novi Sad, Serbia, collapsed onto the busy pavement below, killing 15 people and severely injuring two more.

Background

Station building

The railway station was constructed in 1964. The building was structurally advanced for its period, bold, and relatively unusual. The roof, made from concrete slabs, is corrugated for rigidity and cantilevers over the main entrance. A suspended structure was affixed to this extending portion of the roof using steel tension elements. This structure mainly consisted of massive reinforced concrete beams that overhung the entrance to act as a canopy. The canopy also joined the building's front columns, which are covered by a glass curtain wall, but was primarily a suspended structure. The roof is intentionally slender, and its slabs are thin relative to the more massive structure they support. The structural design concept of this part of the building was not based around durability, as suspending a heavy part of the structure from its slender roof, while a functional solution within a given time-frame, made the structure inherently prone to concrete degradation and overall fatigue. Multiple experts suggested a service life of no more than 50 years for either the canopy or the particular materials that were used.

The station stood in its original form for 57 years, without substantial renovations, and by the early 2000s, it had become relatively decrepit and unhygienic, with some of its facilities and equipment out of operation.

Renovation

By the early decades of the 21st century, Serbian rail was outdated and dilapidated. In 2013, stemming from China's Belt and Road Initiative, China, Hungary, and Serbia signed a memorandum of understanding to redevelop the Budapest–Belgrade railway by introducing high-speed rail, with the start of works originally scheduled for 2015. Novi Sad, Serbia's second-largest city, is one of the cities along this stretch of rail line. An upgrade of the city's station infrastructure and renovation of the station building began in 2021, according to the technical documents developed by the state-owned Saobraćajni institut CIP, while construction supervision was given to the consortium of six engineering firms where Egis was supervising engineer, while Utiber (headquartered in Hungary with a bureau in Novi Sad) was at the head consortium.

The station is listed with the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Novi Sad as a "property enjoying prior protection" (a particular built heritage preservation status in Serbia). Thus, prior to the start of renovations, the Institute issued conservation guidelines, which required that the renovation of the canopy overhanging the main entrance preserve its visual identity, and did not address the topic of its reconstruction, as structural engineering was outside the purview of the Institute.

The station was renovated from 2021 to mid-2024. The project included a total reconstruction of the railway platforms, including the platform underpass and canopy, as well as renovations to the floors, walls, and the roof of the station building, including the replacement of the building's facade materials. According to CIP's technical document, the station building was "in good condition constructionally, and no damage affecting the stability of the structure observed through visual inspection" prior to the start of works.

The work was completed by a consortium of the Chinese companies China Railway International Co., Ltd (a subsidiary of China Railway Group Limited) and China Communications Construction Company, Ltd. (together referred to as CRIC-CCCC). The station was initially ceremonially reopened in 2022, before that year's general election. Renovation work resumed after the election, and the station was reopened again on 5 July 2024.

In January 2024, the local news outlet Portal 021 requested contracts and invoices related to the renovation project from the Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure and Serbian Railways Infrastructure. This request was denied, as CRIC-CCCC objected to sharing contract details with third parties until the project's completion and confirmation of satisfactory work.

Both CRIC-CCCC and Serbian Railways Infrastructure, the state enterprise which operates the building, subsequently stated that the front-entrance canopy was not reconstructed during the renovations and that it was an original part of the structure. What work was done to it was merely a conservation treatment consistent with the Institute's guidelines, the official bodies stated.

Collapse and rescue

1. Milica Adamović (2008), from Kać
2. Sanja Ćirić Arbutina (1989), from Kać
3. Đorđe Firić (1971), from Kovilj
4. Sara Firić (2018), from Kovilj
5. Valentina Firić (2014), from Kovilj
6. Stefan Hrka (1997), from Belgrade
7. Mileva Karanović (1948), from Kać
8. Nemanja Komar (2007), from Stepanovićevo
9. Miloš Milosavljević (2003), from Knićanin
10. Goranka Raca (1966), from Novi Sad
11. Vukašin Raković (1955), from Bukovac
12. Anđela Ruman (2004), from Stara Pazova
13. Vasko Sazdovski (1979), from Sveti Nikole, North Macedonia
14. Đuro Švonja (1947), from Stepanovićevo
15. Anja Radonjić (2000) from Paraćin

On 1 November 2024, at 11:52 CET, the station's 48-metre-long (157 ft) concrete canopy collapsed onto people walking and sitting underneath. Fourteen people were killed on the scene of the accident, and three others were injured. The dead were Serbian citizens, except for one Macedonian citizen.

About 80 rescuers from multiple cities across Serbia used heavy machinery, including excavators and cranes, to pull debris off the collapse site. Of the three victims who survived with injuries, two women were trapped under the rubble and were rescued several hours after the collapse. One of the women died 16 days later from the severity of her injuries. All three injured had undergone amputations and were in serious condition.

Aftermath

Train departures at the station were suspended and the building closed for an undisclosed period. All public rail traffic for Novi Sad from Subotica and Sombor was moved to Futog railway station, while traffic from Belgrade was moved to Petrovaradin railway station.

The Serbian government declared a nation-wide day of mourning for 2 November, while the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the City of Novi Sad declared three days of mourning in the city. Citizens lit candles and laid flowers at Freedom Square [sr] and in front of the railway station.

Investigation

The Novi Sad Higher Public Prosecutor's Office initiated an investigation. More than 40 people, including construction minister Goran Vesić, were subjected to questioning. At least 11 people were allegedly arrested or brought in to the prosecutor’s office by the police, including Vesić, who said that he had voluntarily surrendered.

Reactions

Domestic

Serbian Railways expressed regret over the disaster. Government ministers, Prime Minister of Serbia Miloš Vučević and Đurić visited the disaster site. President of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić vowed "justice" for those responsible, while opposition parties accused authorities of corruption. The following day, Mayor of Novi Sad Milan Đurić stated that forensic investigators are examining the debris, that the cause of the disaster is unknown, that the investigation needs to conclude before any talk of resignations, that the rest of the structure appears to be in normal condition, and appealed to citizens to "trust the state and the system", adding that the individuals responsible will be held accountable.

After the collapse, many people on social media condemned the government for negligence. The main point of contention were claims by Serbian Railways Infrastructure that the canopy had not been reconstructed. Another point of controversy was the refusal of CRIC-CCCC to share documentation of the reconstruction publicly. On 3 November, protests were held in front of the Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure in Belgrade calling for the resignation and arrest of officials deemed responsible for the disaster. On 4 November, construction minister Goran Vesić announced his resignation, pending acknowledgement by the National Assembly, scheduled for the next day, while stating that he "does not accept guilt". On 5 November, protests over the disaster were held in front of the railway station and other locations in Novi Sad, leading to clashes with police and at least 12 people, ten of whom were police officers, being injured. Projectiles and red paint were thrown at the regional offices of the ruling Serbian Progressive Party and later at the city hall. At least nine people were arrested, and the incident prompted a visit by President Vučić. Another protest was held in Belgrade on 11 November, while a silent protest was held in Novi Sad on 15 November, during which demonstrators blocked crossroads outside the railway station. On 19 November, protesters blockaded a courthouse in Novi Sad demanding the arrest of those responsible for the disaster and the release of people imprisoned during previous protests. On 20 November, foreign trade and former construction minister Tomislav Momirović announced his resignation. On 22 November, a 15-minute silence was observed by protesters across Serbia in memory of the 15 fatalities, along with traffic blockages.

On 25 November, scuffles broke out during a budget hearing in the National Assembly after opposition MPs displayed a banner reading “blood is on your hands" and demanded a discussion on the disaster while government MPs displayed another banner accusing their counterparts of wanting "war while Serbia wants to work".

On 11 December, after weeks of student-led protests, Vučić made concessions including promising that all prosecutorial documents related to the disaster would be publicized, announced that all currently held protestors were released, and pledged to pardon any protestors if they were convicted at trial. While the concessions marked the first time since Vučić's rise to power in 2012 that any concessions were made to protestors, they did not include the protest's calls for his resignation.

International

Several officials from the European Union have sent their condolences, such as the European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Olivér Várhelyi, EU Ambassador for Serbia Emanuele Giaufret, Chancellor of Austria Karl Nehammer, Prime Minister of Croatia Andrej Plenković, Prime Minister of Hungary Viktor Orbán, Minister of Infrastructure and Transport of Greece Christos Staikouras and the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Several other international officials have also sent their regards, such as the Members of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency Denis Bećirović (Bosniaks) and Željka Cvijanović (Serbs), Minister of Communication and Traffic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Edin Forto, Minister of Communication and Traffic of Republika Srpska Nedeljko Čubrilović, the Ambassador of Japan in Serbia Akira Imamura, President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of Montenegro Jakov Milatović, President of the Parliament of Montenegro Andrija Mandić, Minister of Transport of Montenegro Maja Vukičević, Norwegian Ambassador to Serbia Kristin Melsom, President of Russia Vladimir Putin and Chairman of the State Duma of Russia Vyacheslav Volodin.

The Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro declared a day of mourning for 2 and 3 November, respectively.

See also

• List of building and structure collapses

Notes

1. intended to become a part of the future Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway
2. these include:
   • Conceptual design with feasibility study
   • Environmental impact assessment
   • Design for building permit
   • Technical execution design
3. This canopy is distinct from the canopy overhanging the main entrance.

References

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History	Petrovaradin Sremska Kamenica Other older settlements Almaš The foundation of Novi Sad Development from 1748 to 1918 Neusatz District United Serb Youth After the First World War Novi Sad Assembly Bačka Oblast Danube Banovina Novi Sad raid Novi Sad Agreement NATO bombing Railway station canopy collapse
Politics	City Mayor City Assembly President Local communities People Honorary citizens Vojvodina Statute Government of Vojvodina President Assembly of Vojvodina President
Neighborhoods	Novi Sad Proper Adamovićevo Naselje Adice Almaški Kraj Avijatičarsko Naselje Banatić Bistrica Bulevar Depresija Detelinara Gornje Livade Grbavica Jugovićevo Klisa Liman Mali Beograd Mišin Salaš Pervazovo Naselje Podbara Rimski Šančevi Rotkvarija Sajlovo Sajmište Salajka Satelit Slana Bara Stari Grad Šangaj Tankosićevo Telep University campus Veliki Rit Veternička Rampa Vidovdansko Naselje Petrovaradin Alibegovac Bukovački Plato Mišeluk Novi Majur Petrovaradin Fortress Podgrađe Tvrđave Ribnjak Sadovi Širine Široka Dolina Stari Majur Trandžament Vezirac Sremska Kamenica Artiljevo Bocke Čardak Donja Kamenica Glavica Gornja Kamenica Paragovo Popovica Staroiriški Put Tatarsko Brdo
Suburbs	Bangladeš Begeč Budisava Bukovac Čenej Futog Kać Kamenjar Kisač Kovilj Ledinci Lipov Gaj Nemanovci Pejićevi Salaši Rumenka Stari Ledinci Stepanovićevo Veternik Industrial zones in Novi Sad
Buildings and landmarks	Banovina Palace Bishop's Palace Eđšeg Fruška Gora NIS building Novi Sad City Hall Petrovaradin Fortress Stari Grad Štrand Monument to the Victims of Fascism
Religion	Saint George Cathedral Kovilj Monastery Name of Mary Church Slovak Evangelical Church Church of the Augsburg Confession Muftiship of Novi Sad Novi Sad Synagogue
Culture	Matica Srpska Serbian National Theatre Novi Sad Theatre Novi Sad Youth Theatre Correspondence Theatre Drama Art Scene Cultural Center of Novi Sad Eđšeg Cultural Center NEVEN (cultural society) Archive of Vojvodina Historical Archive of Novi Sad
Galleries and museums	City Museum of Novi Sad Museum of Vojvodina Museum of Reunion Museum of Contemporary Art of Vojvodina Toy Museum Fantasy Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection The Gallery of Fine Arts – Gift Collection of Rajko Mamuzić Gallery of Matica Srpska Gallery of the association of artists of Vojvodina
Education	Public Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Gymnasium Svetozar Marković Gymnasium Isidora Sekulić Gymnasium Laza Kostić Gymnasium Isidor Bajić Music School University of Novi Sad Private Novi Sad Open University Novi Sad Theological College Azbukum Vojvodina Academy of Sciences and Arts
Health	Clinical Center of Vojvodina Sremska Kamenica Institute
Sports	Stadiums and Indoor arenas Detelinara Stadium GAT Arena Karađorđe Stadium Slana Bara Stadium SPC Vojvodina Football clubs Current FK Crvena Zvezda Novi Sad FK Indeks Novi Sad FK Kabel FK Mladost Novi Sad FK Veternik FK Vojvodina OFK Slavija Novi Sad RFK Novi Sad 1921 ŽFK Fruškogorac Historical FK Proleter Novi Sad NAK Novi Sad Basketball clubs Current KK FMP KK I Came to Play KK Star KK Vojvodina ŽKK Vojvodina 021 Historical KK Meridiana KK Novi Sad KK Vojvodina Srbijagas ŽKK Vojvodina Other sports clubs HK Novi Sad HK NS Stars HK Vojvodina KKK Vojvodina OK Vojvodina PFL Novi Sad RK Jugović RK Vojvodina SD Vojvodina VK Danubius 1885 VK Dunav VK Vojvodina
Companies	Finance Current DDOR Novi Sad Erste Bank Novi Sad OTP Banka Srbija Historical Metals-banka RBA bank Vojvođanska banka Media Current Dnevnik Magyar Szó RTV Historical Građanski list Hard Metal Polja Ritam Food Matijević Novi Sad Brewery Swisslion Group Univerexport Oil & gas Naftna Industrija Srbije Srbijagas Other Current Color Press Group Eipix Entertainment Schneider Electric Historical Neobus
Transportation	Land JGSP Novi Sad Novi Sad railway station Trams in Novi Sad Pan-European Corridor X Bridges Current Liberty Bridge Varadin Bridge Žeželj Bridge Beška Bridge Historical Hagen Bridge Prince Andrew Bridge Potiorek Bridge Prince Tomislav Bridge Boško Perošević Bridge Air and water Novi Sad Airfield Port of Novi Sad Pan-European Corridor VII
Events	Exit Novi Sad Fair Zmaj Children Games Festival of Street Musicians Cinema City Novi Sad Jazz Festival Sterijino pozorje International Novi Sad Literature Festival Serbia Fashion Week Novi Sad Pride Book Talk Yugoslav Art Exhibitions
Novi Sad

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