Nymphaea mexicana | |
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Conservation status | |
Vulnerable (NatureServe) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Order: | Nymphaeales |
Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
Genus: | Nymphaea |
Subgenus: | Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea |
Species: | N. mexicana |
Binomial name | |
Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. | |
Synonyms | |
List
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Nymphaea mexicana is a species of aquatic plant that is native to the Southern United States and Mexico as far south as Michoacán. Common names include yellow water lily, Mexican water lily and banana water lily.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nymphaea mexicana is a rhizomatous, aquatic, perennial herb with stoloniferous, up to 30 cm long, and 4 cm wide rhizomes. The rhizomes bear leaf and root scars. The stolons are 15–100 cm long, and 0.5–1 cm wide. The ovate, suborbicular, or elliptic lamina is 7–18(–27) cm long, and 7–14(–18) cm wide. The long, cylindrical petiole is glabrous.
Generative characteristics
The floating or emersed, yellow, 6–13 cm wide flowers have peduncles with 4 primary air canals. The flowers have four sepals and 12-30 yellow petals. The androeceum consists of 50 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 7-10 carpels. The spheroid or ovoid fruit bears 3–5 mm long, and 3–5 mm wide seeds with hairlike papillae. Tuberiferous flowers or proliferating pseudanthia can be present.
Taxonomy
Publication
It was published by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in 1832. Within the subgenus Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea it is placed in the section Nymphaea sect. Xanthantha.
Hybridisation
Together with Nymphaea odorata, it forms the natural hybrid Nymphaea × thiona.
Etymology
The specific epithet mexicana refers to Mexico.
Cytology
The chromosome count is n = 28. The genome size is 586.80 Mb. The chloroplast genome is 159962 bp long.
Reproduction
Vegetative reproduction
Nymphaea mexicana reproduces vegetatively through stolons. Their structure, resembling bananas, consists of leaf buds and thick, starchy roots. Additionally, tuberiferous flowers or proliferating pseudanthia can be present.
Conservation
The NatureServe conservation status is Vulnerable (G3).
Ecology
Habitat
It occurs in up to 4 m deep water in lagoons, canals swamps, and rivers. It can occur in brackish water.
Herbivory
The canvasback duck, Aythya valisineria, feeds on the banana-like roots of the plant.
As an invasive species
Together with its hybrids, it has become an invasive species outside of its natural range. For instance, it has been recorded in Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand.
References
- ^ Nymphaea mexicana. (n.d.). NatureServe. Retrieved February 9, 2024, from https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.136017/Nymphaea_mexicana
- ^ "Nymphaea mexicana Zucc". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- "Nymphaea mexicana". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- ^ Nymphaea mexicana Zuccarini. (n.d.). Flora of North America @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500827
- ^ Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research. (n.d.-b). Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Biota of New Zealand. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz/scientific-names/7170dae4-4e51-4868-be42-e5d9fa735353
- The Calflora Database. (n.d.). Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Calflora. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.calflora.org/app/taxon?crn=5875
- ^ Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. (n.d.-b). Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. VicFlora Flora of Victoria. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/fc0766f3-a2f3-432d-b997-48256d588310
- ^ Königlich Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. & Königlich Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. (1832). Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Vol. 1, p. 365). https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11355625
- ^ Conard, Henry S. (1905). The waterlilies: a monograph of the genus Nymphaea (pp. 163–167). Pub. by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35044992
- ^ Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research. (n.d.-c). Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Flora of New Zealand. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Nymphaea-mexicana.html
- ^ Grob, V., Moline, P., Pfeifer, E., Novelo, A. R., & Rutishauser, R. (2006). Developmental morphology of branching flowers in Nymphaea prolifera. Journal of Plant Research, 119, 561-570.
- Pellicer, J., Kelly, L. J., Magdalena, C., & Leitch, I. J. (2013). Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies). Genome, 56(8), 437-449.
- Borsch, T., Hilu, K. W., Wiersema, J. H., Löhne, C., Barthlott, W., & Wilde, V. (2007). Phylogeny of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae): evidence from substitutions and microstructural changes in the chloroplast trnT-trnF region. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 168(5), 639-671.
- Chen, Fei; Liu, Xing; Yu, Cuiwei; Chen, Yuchu; Tang, Haibao; Zhang, Liangsheng (2017). "Water lilies as emerging models for Darwin's abominable mystery". Horticulture Research. 4: 17051. doi:10.1038/hortres.2017.51. PMC 5626932. PMID 28979789.
- Gruenstaeudl, M., Nauheimer, L., & Borsch, T. (2017). Plastid genome structure and phylogenomics of Nymphaeales: conserved gene order and new insights into relationships. Plant systematics and evolution, 303, 1251-1270.
- Wiersema, J. H. (1988). Reproductive Biology of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 75(3), 795–804. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399367
- S.W.L. Jacobs & C.L. Porter. Nymphaea mexicana, in (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Nymphaea%20mexicana
- ^ Alabama Herbarium Consortium & University of West Alabama. (n.d.). Nymphaea mexicana. Alabama Plant Atlas. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=2705
- ^ Western Australian Herbarium & Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. (n.d.-c). Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://florabase.dbca.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/2922
- Mowbray, Thomas B. (2020-03-04). "Canvasback (Aythya valisineria)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
- ^ Reid, M. K., Paterson, I. D., Coetzee, J. A., Gettys, L. A., & Hill, M. P. (2023). Know thy enemy: Investigating genetic contributions from putative parents of invasive Nymphaea mexicana hybrids in South Africa as part of efforts to develop biological control. Biological Control, 184, 105291.
- Reid, M. K., Naidu, P., Paterson, I. D., Mangan, R., & Coetzee, J. A. (2021). Population genetics of invasive and native Nymphaea mexicana Zuccarini: Taking the first steps to initiate a biological control programme in South Africa. Aquatic Botany, 171, 103372.
External links
Media related to Nymphaea mexicana at Wikimedia Commons
- USDA Plants Profile
- Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
- California Department of Food and Agriculture
Taxon identifiers | |
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Nymphaea mexicana |
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Nymphaea sect. Xanthantha |
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