The town of Toodyay, Western Australia, was not always known by that name. Initially Toodyay was located in what is now West Toodyay before repeated flooding caused the town centre to migrate to the area around the Newcastle convict depot creating the town of Newcastle. After approximately 50 years of confusion the name of Newcastle was changed to Toodyay and the original Toodyay became known as West Toodyay.
Toodyay locations
The original townsite of Toodyay was determined in 1836. Following serious flooding in 1857 and 1859, the decision was made to transfer the town to the site of the Toodyay Convict Depot located approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) upstream.
The new township, to be known as Newcastle, was gazetted on 1 October 1860. The name "Newcastle" was derived from the Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Duke of Newcastle. The township of "Old" Toodyay continued to exist, although it ceased to expand.
In August 1909, the Federal authorities urged the town of Newcastle to change its name. The towns of Newcastle in New South Wales and Newcastle in Western Australia were being confused. All too often the problem of duplicated place names was causing mail to go astray.
One instance of mail going astray concerned an item discovered by Sir John Forrest. A beautiful French ormolu clock had been delivered mistakenly to Newcastle, New South Wales, where it had sat unclaimed. Forrest recognised that the clock belonged to William Demasson of Newcastle, Western Australia, and arranged for it to be restored to its rightful owner. This incident is known to have contributed to the call for change.
In February 1910, the Municipal Council held a referendum and, by a slim majority, it was decided to change the name of the town to Toodyay. On 6 May 1910, it was declared that the town of Newcastle would henceforth be known as Toodyay and the old town of Toodyay would henceforth be known as West Toodyay.
The French Ormolu clock, long held by the Demasson family, was purchased by the National Trust of Western Australia in 1987. In turn, the clock, together with its documents was offered to the Toodyay Historical Society. On 21 October 2007, the clock was welcomed back to the town of Toodyay.
Meaning of the name 'Toodyay'
There are no records for the meaning or the origin of the name Toodyay, which derives from Toodye or Duidgee in the Noongar language. In 1929 during Western Australia's centennial year, Victor Riseley published an article in The Sunday Times in response to other publications during the year that had tried to define its origins. Riseley contended that the definition of "beautiful", while the perfect description of the region, was not a descriptive for which the Ballardong people had any use, as their place names were related to the necessities of daily life. Riseley concluded that Toodyay was derived from Toodyeep, the name of the wife of one of the trackers who accompanied George Fletcher Moore in 1836 to the valley known as Gabbia-Yandirt.
Another possible origin is that toodyay is derived from an account written by James Drummond of a party taking up land grants in the region in 1836. As they proceeded onto Drummond's grant, and finding an area of good land and water, their guide Babbing said the area was known as Duidgee. This area was said to be a favourite of the Ballardong people because of the abundance of reed mace, whose thick roots are a good source of starch and mucilage.
In recent years, other origins for the name have been proposed by anthropologists. Professor Len Collard's Noongar language project provides the meaning as "today it is misty and foggy". Another proposal was that the name is derived from the song of a bird such as the restless flycatcher (Myiagra inquieta) which is said to sound like duidjee-duidjee or toodjee-toodjee. This bird is found commonly in the region as well as the Canning region where Babbing grew up. Anthropologists Ken Macintyre and Barb Dobson speculate that Babbing was describing the sound of a bird. Drummond didn't enquire into the meaning of the word, as he did for other words during his account of the 1836 journey. Macintyre and Dobson note that Toodyeep was from the area but that Aboriginal people were named after the place where they were born or raised rather than the place being named after them and therefore dismiss this as a possible origin for the name Toodyay.
By 1842 Drummond in his correspondence was referring to the area as Toodyay while referring to Duidgee Catta as the name of a pool on his estate.
References
- Cromb, A. (2010). The History of the Toodyay Convict Depot. Alison Cromb. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-646-52963-9.
- "Proclamation" (PDF). Western Australia Government Gazette. 9 October 1860. p. 3.
- Erickson, Rica (1974). Old Toodyay and Newcastle. Toodyay Shire Council. p. 165.
- Erickson, Rica (1974). Old Toodyay and Newcastle. Toodyay Shire Council. p. 355.
- Erickson, Rica (1974). Old Toodyay and Newcastle. Toodyay Shire Council. pp. 355, 356.
- "Change of Name. Newcastle and Toodyay Townsites. (per 8365/09)". Western Australia Government Gazette. 6 May 1910. p. 1910:1043.
- Cromb, Alison (2010). The History of the Toodyay Convict Depot. self published. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-646-52963-9.
- ^ Ken Macintyre and Dr Barbara Dobson (21 December 2011). "Duidgee – A little bird's song" (PDF). Retrieved 9 March 2014.
- "The Origin of Toodyay". The Sunday Times. Perth: National Library of Australia. 24 November 1929. p. 10 Section: First Section. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
- Drummond, Mr. James (28 May 1836). "Observations on the Projected New Line of Road to Northam". The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal. WA: National Library of Australia. p. 702. Retrieved 10 March 2014. Note: Drummond's writings do not mention any meaning for the word duidgee although other words were defined in this work.
- Collard, Leonard (c. 2014). "Nyungar Language Group: Balardong / Nyungar Placename: Toodyay". Boodjar: Nyungar Placenames in the South-West of Western Australia. University of Western Australia. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- "Correspondence". The Inquirer. Perth: National Library of Australia. 28 September 1842. p. 3. Retrieved 10 March 2014.