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The Opening of the South-North route (打通南北航线) was symbolized by the passage of the ship Liming (黎明轮) from Zhanjiang, Guangdong to Qingdao, Shandong on 5 April 1968. Mainland China resumed using its own ships to carry out sea transportation and shipping between its north and south ports.
In 1949, after the cross-strait split and the PRC participating in the Korean war, the ROC with support of the US government began military blockades of the Taiwan strait. This was part of the Guanbi policy. The PRC, unable to launch a military counterattack, could only hire foreign ships to carry out shipping, thus disrupting the shipping of its own ships between the northern and southern ports on the Chinese mainland.
In May 1966, premier Zhou Enlai of the State council approved the report of the Ministry of Communications on opening the north–south route. On 25 April 1968, the Liming (黎明轮, The Dawn) made the following voyage:
- It first sailed south from Guangdong Zhanjiang, entering the Sulu sea from the Balabac strait.
- It entered the Pacific Ocean along the northern coast of Mindanao through the Surigao strait, San Bernardino strait
- It then turned northeast towards the Japanese coast and entered the East China Sea through the Dayu strait.
- On 8 May the Liming arrived Qingdao port, traveling 4533 nautical miles.
- Between June 2–14, it made its return to Zhanjiang via the reverse route.
From September 22 to October 4, the Jiujiang (九江, Ninth river), belonging to the Guangdong Ocean shipping company took the same route. On October 22, Zhou Enlai officially approved the opening of the north–south route.
In February 1972 Nixon visited China, signaling a détente in US-China relations. In October, the Wuzhishan (五指山轮) sailed from Hainan Basuo port (八所港) to the Dalian port, greatly shortening the north–south route. In July 1974, the Yangmingshan (阳明山轮) sailed from Zhanjiang port to Qingdao, shortening the route even further.
However, because mainland ships cannot typically pass through the Taiwan strait, the South-North route for a long time had to detour around the Pacific. Only in 1979 did shipping resume across the Taiwan strait.
References
- ^ 卓东明. ""黎明"情结——访原黎明轮船长顾馥山". 广州远洋杂志网络片版 (in Simplified Chinese) (2006年第10期,总第414期). Archived from the original on 2018-01-20. Retrieved 2017-03-11 – via 中远海运特种运输股份有限公司网站.
- ^ 钟鸣、吴晓琼 (2010-08-12). "亲历者口述档案再现台湾海峡复航传奇" (in Simplified Chinese). 宁波档案网，来源：中国档案资讯网，《中国档案报》2010年8月12日•总第2040期•第三版. Archived from the original on 2018-01-21. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
