| Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy |
| Specialty | Neurology |
Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), also called organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), is a neuropathy caused by killing of neurons in the central nervous system, especially in the spinal cord, as a result of acute or chronic organophosphate poisoning.
A striking example of OPIDN occurred during the 1930s Prohibition Era when thousands of men in the American South and Midwest developed arm and leg weakness and pain after drinking a "medicinal" alcohol substitute. The drink, called "Ginger Jake," contained an adulterated Jamaican ginger extract containing tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) which resulted in partially reversible neurologic damage. The damage resulted in the limping called "jake paralysis" – and also "jake leg" or "jake walk", which were terms frequently used in the blues music of the period. Europe and Morocco both experienced outbreaks of TOCP poisoning from contaminated abortifacients and cooking oil, respectively.
The disorder may contribute to the chronic multisymptom illnesses of the Gulf War veterans as well as aerotoxic syndrome (especially tricresyl phosphate poisoning)
The exact cause of the syndrome is unknown, although it has been associated with inhibition of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 (PNPLA6, aka neuropathy target esterase). There is no specific treatment, and recovery is usually incomplete, affecting only sensory nervous system, while motor neuropathy persists.
See also
References
- Morgan, John P; Penovich, Patricia (August 1978). "Jamaica Ginger Paralysis: Forty-seven-year follow-up". Archives of Neurology. 35 (8): 530–532. doi:10.1001/archneur.1978.00500320050011. PMID 666613.
- Segalla, Spencer David (2020). "Poison, Paralysis, and the United States in Morocco, 1959". Empire and Catastrophe: Decolonization and Environmental Disaster in North Africa and Mediterranean France Since 1954: 78–107. ISBN 9781496219633. JSTOR j.ctv10crdt6.7 – via JSTOR (Open Access).
- Ehrich, Marion; Jortner, Bernard S (2010). "Organophosphorus-Induced Delayed Neuropathy". Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. pp. 1479–1504. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00069-0. ISBN 978-0-12-374367-1.
- Qiang, D; Xie, X; Gao, Z (2017). "New insights into the organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 381: 153–154. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.451. S2CID 54302903.
- "Cholinesterase Inhibitors – Organophosphate-Induced Delayed Neuropathy (OPIDN)". ATSDR – Environmental Medicine & Environmental Health Education –CSEM (CDC). March 2022.
External links
- Costa, Lucio G (2006). "Current issues in organophosphate toxicology". Clinica Chimica Acta. 366 (1–2): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.008. PMID 16337171.