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Taxation in the Ottoman Empire
Taxes
Adet-i Ağnam Adet-i deştbani Ashar Avarız Bac-i pazar Bedl-i askeri Cizye Cürm-ü cinayet Damga resmi Gümrük resmi Haraç Ihtisab Ispendje Istira Maktu Mururiye resmi Muskirat resmi Nüzül Otlak resmi Rav akçesi Resm-i arusane Resm-i bennâk Resm-i bostan Resm-i çift Resm-i dönüm Resm-i filori Resm-i ganem Resm-i hınzır Resm-i mücerred Resm-i sicill Rusum-e-eflak Selamet isni Tapu resmi Tekalif-i orfiye Temettu Tuz resmi Zakat
Implementation
Ahidnâme Defter Emin Evkaf-i Hümayun Nezareti Hazine-i Hassa Hazine-i Amire Hane Iltizam Istira Kadı Kanun-i Raya Kanunname Malikâne Merdiban Millet Muafiyet Muhassil Muqata'ah Mütesellim Ottoman Public Debt Administration Regie Company Siyakat Sürsat Tahrir Tanzimat Waqf
v t e

The Ottoman Tobacco Company, (Memalik-i Şahane Duhanları Müşterekül Menfaa Reji Şirketi) also known as the Régie Company for its French official name Société de la régie co-intéressée des tabacs de l'empire Ottoman, was a parastatal company or Regie formed in the later Ottoman Empire by the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, with backing from a consortium of European banks. The company had a monopoly over tobacco production, and its revenue was intended to help overcome the Ottoman state's persistent shortage of income. The Ottoman Tobacco Company constituted the largest foreign investment in the Ottoman Empire, and it attempted to introduce more efficient production methods – against local resistance.

In 1881, the state monopoly on salt was incorporated into the Régie Company, which passed revenue from salt taxes (tuz resmi) to the Public Debt Commission. As the state (or a parallel state controlled by the government's creditors) now effectively controlled salt production and salt prices, salt smuggling became a problem. In 1884, the Ottoman government instituted a tobacco monopoly and delegated it to a partly foreign company, the “Regie co-intréressée des tabacs de l’Empire ottoman”, which relied on a consortium of European banks and on the Imperial Ottoman Bank, also listed in London and Paris. Founded in 1863, the latter brought together French shareholders supplementing initial contributions of British funds in 1856. Both had offices in Paris, Place de la Bourse.

Under the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman Tobacco Company was nationalised in 1925 and became Tekel, which was sold to British American Tobacco in 2008.

There are successor companies in other Ottoman successor states. To this day, the state-run tobacco monopolies in Lebanon and Syria are known as Régie.

See also

• Ottoman Bank

References

1. The Political Economy of Ottoman Public Debt. Tauris Academic Studies. 2010. ISBN 978-1-84885-298-3.
2. "Book reviews". The Economic History Review. 2011-01-04. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00567_18.x. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
3. Shaw, Stanford (October 1975). "The Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System" (PDF). International Journal of Middle East Studies. 6 (4): 421–459. doi:10.1017/s0020743800025368. JSTOR 162752. S2CID 154351228. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-19.
4. Narin, Resül (2009). "Düyûn-ı Umûmiye İdaresi ve Adapazarı". Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 6 (21): 49–59.
5. Moussakova, Svetla (2012-06-01). NOUVEAUX VISAGES DE LA FRANCOPHONIE EN EUROPE (in French). Academia. ISBN 978-2-296-49659-0.
6. "LE CAPITAL FRANÇAIS ET ETRANGER DANS L'EMPIRE OTTOMAN JUSQU'A LA GRANDE GUERRE. Par Jacques THOBIE" (PDF).
7. "The Economics of Tobacco in Lebanon: An Estimation of the Social Costs of Tobacco Consumption" (PDF). 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2011-07-24.

• Taxation in the Ottoman Empire
• Tobacco companies of Turkey
• Tobacco taxation