Oxyrhopus petolarius | |
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Dapa, Colombia | |
Conservation status | |
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Suborder: | Serpentes |
Family: | Colubridae |
Genus: | Oxyrhopus |
Species: | O. petolarius |
Binomial name | |
Oxyrhopus petolarius (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
Synonyms | |
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Oxyrhopus petolarius, commonly known as the forest flame snake, is a species of mildly venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Central and South America. There are three recognized subspecies.
Taxonomy and nomenclature
According to Savage (2011) the correct scientific name should be Oxyrhopus petolarius.
Geographic range
O. petolarius is found in central and northern South America, including Trinidad and Tobago.
Habitat
The preferred natural habitats of O. petolarius are forest and savanna, at altitudes from sea level to 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
Description
Adults of O. petolarius may attain a total length of 91 cm (36 in), which includes a tail 22 cm (8.7 in) long.
Coloration is variable. It usually consists of some combination of red and black rings or crossbands. In some individuals the light-colored crossbands are white instead of red on the anterior part of the body.
The dorsal scales are smooth, with apical pits, and are arranged in 19 rows at midbody.
Venom
O. petolarius is rear-fanged, and its venom is extremely toxic to anole lizards.
Diet
O. petolarius feeds on lizards, frogs, other amphibians, tadpoles, small rodents, other small mammals, birds and their eggs, and probably other snakes.
Reproduction
O. petolarius is oviparous.
Subspecies
Some authorities recognize three subspecies of O. petolarius, including the nominotypical subspecies.
- Oxyrhopus petolarius digitalis (Reuss, 1834)
- Oxyrhopus petolarius petola (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Oxyrhopus petolarius sebae A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Oxyrhopus.
Etymology
The subspecific name, sebae, is in honor of Dutch naturalist Albertus Seba.
References
- ^ Chaves G, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Gagliardi G, Gonzales L, Gutiérrez-Cárdenas P, Köhler G, Lamar W, Nogueira C, Porras LW, Rivas G, Solórzano A, Murphy J (2019). "Oxyrhopus petolarius ". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T198391A2524138. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T198391A2524138.en. Downloaded on 22 March 2020.
- "Oxyrhopus petola ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). Itis.gov
- ^ Boulenger GA (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ),... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Oxyrhopus petolarius, pp. 101-103).
- ^ "Oxyrhopus petolarius ". The Reptile Database
- ^ Savage JM (2011). "The correct species-group name for an Oxyrhopus (Squamata: Dipsadidae) variously called Coluber petalarius, C. pethola, C. petola, or C. petolarius by early authors". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 124 (3): 223–225. doi:10.2988/11-06.1. S2CID 85938790.
- ^ "Oxyrhopus petolarius (False Coral Snake)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ Boos, Hans E.A. (2001). The Snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. xvi + 328 pp. ISBN 1-58544-116-3.
- "Forest Flame-Snake (Oxyrhopus petolarius)".
- Freiberg M (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. ISBN 0-87666-912-7. (Oxyrhopus petola, p. 105).
- Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Oxyrhopus petola sebae, p. 240).
Further reading
- Duméril A-M-C, Bibron G, Duméril A (1854). Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie. Comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux . Paris: Roret. xii + pp. 781–1536. (Oxyrhopus petolarius, pp. 1033–1036). (in French).
- Linnaeus C (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. (Coluber petola, new species, p. 225; Coluber petolarius, new species, p. 225). (in Latin).
- Reuss A (1834). "Zoologische Miscellen. Reptilien, Ophidier ". Mus. Senckenbergiana, Frankfurt 1: 129–162. (Coluber digitalis, new species, p. 148 + Plate IX, figure 1). (in German).
- MacCulloch RD, Lathrop A, Kok PJR, Ernst R, Kalamandeen M (2009). "The genus Oxyrhopus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in Guyana: morphology, distributions and comments on taxonomy". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 49 (36): 487–495.
External links
Snakes in the Oxyrhopus genus | |
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Taxon identifiers | |
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Oxyrhopus petolarius |
- IUCN Red List least concern species
- Oxyrhopus
- Snakes of Central America
- Reptiles of Belize
- Reptiles of Bolivia
- Snakes of Brazil
- Reptiles of Colombia
- Reptiles of Costa Rica
- Reptiles of Ecuador
- Reptiles of El Salvador
- Reptiles of Guatemala
- Reptiles of Guyana
- Reptiles of Honduras
- Reptiles of Nicaragua
- Reptiles of Panama
- Reptiles of Paraguay
- Reptiles of Peru
- Reptiles of Suriname
- Reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago
- Reptiles of Venezuela
- Fauna of the Amazon
- Fauna of the Pantanal
- Reptiles described in 1758
- Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus