The PAIR (puncture-aspiration-injection-reaspiration; sometimes percutaneous aspiration-injection-reaspiration) procedure is a noninvasive treatment option to remove hydatid cysts. PAIR is considered an alternative treatment for cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease) and is often indicated for patients who do not respond to surgery or benzimidazoles
The PAIR procedure can be performed as follows:
- ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture of the cyst
- aspiration of cystic fluid
- injection of a scolicidal solution
- reaspiration of the solution
References
- Smego, Raymond A.; Bhatti, Sabha; Khaliq, Amir A.; Beg, M. Asim (2003-10-15). "Percutaneous Aspiration-Injection-Reaspiration Drainage Plus Albendazole or Mebendazole for Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis: A Meta-analysis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 37 (8): 1073–1083. doi:10.1086/378275. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 14523772.
- Filice, C; Pirola, F; Brunetti, E; Dughetti, S; Strosselli, M; Foglieni, CS (May 1990). "A new therapeutic approach for hydatid liver cysts. Aspiration and alcohol injection under sonographic guidance". Gastroenterology. 98 (5 Pt 1): 1366–8. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(90)90358-8. PMID 2182372.
- Brunetti, E; Kern, P; Vuitton, DA; Writing Panel for the, WHO-IWGE (Apr 2010). "Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans". Acta Tropica. 114 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.11.001. PMID 19931502.
- Golemanov, B.; Grigorov, N.; Mitova, R.; Genov, J.; Vuchev, D.; Tamarozzi, F.; Brunetti, E. (6 January 2011). "Efficacy and Safety of PAIR for Cystic Echinococcosis: Experience on a Large Series of Patients from Bulgaria". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 84 (1): 48–51. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0312. PMC 3005516. PMID 21212200.