| PARM 1 | |
|---|---|
 An inert, training version of the PARM1 DM-12 | |
| Type | Off-route anti-tank mine |
| Place of origin | West Germany |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1988–present |
| Used by | Germany, Ukraine |
| Wars | Russian invasion of Ukraine |
| Production history | |
| Variants | PARM 2 |
| Specifications | |
| Detonation mechanism | Fibre-optic crush sensor, or by command |
The PARM 1 (DM12) and its improved version (DM22) is a German off-route mine that fires a fin stabilized rocket. PARM stands for PanzerAbwehrRichtMine, anti-tank directional mine.
Development
The mine was developed in the early 1980s to meet the US MIL-STD-331A and US MIL-STD-810C requirements. Trials of the mine were conducted between March 1983 and March 1988. In June 1988 it was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr, with the Army receiving the first batch of 25,000 between 1991 and 1994. The PARM 2 was a development of PARM 1 incorporating an infrared sensor and an improved rocket.
The German Ministry of Defense signed a contract with TDW in October 2023 to deliver mines to replace those sent to Ukraine, restarting DM22 production for the first time since 1998. 2,600 mines are initially ordered with an option for 10,000 more; the first production qualification batch is planned for 2025, with serial production starting in 2026, and first deliveries planned for 2027.
PARM 1
The PARM 1 is mounted on a small tripod, allowing it to be traversed through 360 degrees, elevated to 90 degrees and depressed to −45 degrees. The mine is manually emplaced and incorporates an arming delay of five minutes. It is detonated by a fibre optic trigger cable, which triggers the mine when it is crushed.
The mine has an effective range of between 2 and 40 metres (7 and 131 ft). The rocket has a velocity of approximately 120 metres per second (390 ft/s; 270 mph), and has a claimed armour penetration of 600 millimetres (24 in). The modified DM22 automatically deactivates after 40 days.
1600 DM22 mines were delivered to Ukrainian armed services in early May 2022.
PARM 2
The PARM 2 incorporates an infrared sensor, the SAPIR, which acts to accurately fire the rocket to ranges up to 100 metres (330 ft). The warhead of the PARM 2 has been upgraded, with armour penetration of 750 millimetres (30 in) and a capability against reactive armour. It can be programmed to be active for between several hours and 30 days.
Specifications
| Model | PARM 1 | PARM 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Length | 640 mm | ? |
| Height | 391 mm | 300 to 700 mm |
| Warhead diameter |
132 mm | 110 mm |
| Weight | 10 kg | 20 kg |
| Warhead | 1.4 kg | 1.9 kg |
| Range | 2 to 40 m | 4 to 100 m |
See also
References
- Ukraine is Using Unique 'PARM 2' Mine Against Russian Armor, Here's How it Works., Soldier of Fortune, July 15, 2022
- TDW: the tank is back, PARM is back. European Defence Review. 31 October 2023.
- MBDA restarts anti-tank mine production as Ukraine war depletes stocks. Defense News. 15 November 2023.
- Nikolov, Boyko (19 May 2022). "Germany delivers to Ukraine 4600 DM22/DM31 mines, 2450 RGW 90 ATGMs". bulgarianmilitary.com. Publico Limited. Retrieved 13 February 2023.