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PIT maneuver

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Pursuit tactic used by law enforcement in an attempt to stop a fleeing vehicle For other uses, see PIT (disambiguation).

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PIT maneuver diagram (animated GIF image)
California Highway Patrol cruisers using a PIT maneuver to disable a fleeing vehicle

The PIT maneuver (precision immobilization technique), also known as TVI (tactical vehicle intervention), is a law enforcement pursuit tactic in which a pursuing vehicle forces another vehicle to turn sideways abruptly, causing the driver to lose control and stop. It was developed by BSR Inc. and first used by the Fairfax County Police Department in Virginia, United States, in 1988.

Procedure

The PIT maneuver begins when the pursuing vehicle pulls alongside the fleeing vehicle so that the portion of the pursuer's vehicle forward of the front wheels is aligned with the portion of the target vehicle behind the back wheels. The pursuer gently makes contact with the target's side, then sharply steers into the target. The pursuer must also accelerate (or its bumper will slide off the target vehicle). Forces of motion tend to swing the fleeing vehicle around in a sweeping arc until its position is reversed, with its front bumper suddenly facing the rear. At high speeds, such sudden lateral movement can cause rollover collisions.

History

The PIT originated in West Virginia during the late 1980s with a goal of halting fleeing vehicles as "tactical vehicle interception (T.V.I.)". The first U.S. law enforcement agency to teach PIT was the Fairfax County Police Department in Virginia, which modified the technique's parameters for initiation and execution in police tactics.

Controversy

While some police departments in the United States consider the PIT maneuver as an intermediate force option that can end a pursuit, others like the state of Illinois consider "forcible stop techniques" to be "use of deadly force" if performed at high speeds (above 20 mph).

Police pursuit policies in general — and the PIT maneuver specifically — are controversial because of risk of injury or death to both involved and uninvolved. The PIT maneuver has been linked to at least 30 fatalities between 2016 and 2020. Of those fatalities, 18 occurred when officers attempted to stop motorists for minor traffic violations. Many police departments have placed regulations to limit the potential risks of the PIT maneuver and limit its use to serious situations, including pursuit of drivers with outstanding warrants or who are considered likely to be dangerous for other reasons.

In recent years, Arkansas State Police have at least twice performed controversial PIT maneuvers. A pregnant woman who was searching for a place to pull over was the target of a PIT maneuver in June 2020. As part of a legal settlement with the driver of the car, the Arkansas State Police agreed to improve training and restrict the use of the PIT maneuver and use it only in cases to “protect a third person or an officer from imminent death or serious physical injury.”

In September 2023, an Arkansas State Trooper resigned after he performed a PIT maneuver on the wrong vehicle during a high-speed chase.

References

  1. ^ Raviv, Shaun, and John Sullivan, "Police driving maneuver used to end chases has killed 30 people since 2016, The Post finds", Washington Post, August 24, 2020. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  2. ^ "Law Enforcement Pursuits in Georgia: Review and Recommendations" (PDF). Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police. August 8, 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  3. Mascarenas, David; G. Park; C. Farrar (November 27, 2011). "Escape and Evade Policies for High-Speed, Autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicles" (PDF). Los Alamos National Security.
  4. Townsend, Eric J. S. (2004). "Police End Car Chases with a Spin". News & Record. Archived from the original on January 20, 2008.
  5. "Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Police Pursuit Guidelines" (PDF). Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board.
  6. Lauer, Claudia (September 19, 2023). "New report recommends limiting police pursuits to violent crimes after rise in fatalities". Associated Press.
  7. Battles, Miriam (November 19, 2021). "Arkansas State Police settles PIT maneuver lawsuit which injured pregnant woman". KARK News.
  8. Smith, Bill (September 19, 2023). "Arkansas trooper retires after performing PIT maneuver on wrong car". The Hill.
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