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PKS 0528+134
The blazar PKS 0528+134.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation	Orion
Right ascension	05 30 56.4167
Declination	+13° 31′ 55.150″
Redshift	2.060000
Heliocentric radial velocity	617,573 km/s
Distance	10.135 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)	20.00
Characteristics
Type	LPQ, FSRQ; HPQ, Blazar
Other designations
2E 1289, INTREF 250, LEDA 2824388, TXS 0528+134, OHIO G 147, 1Jy 0528+134, NAIC 0528+134, QSO J0530+13

PKS 0528+134 is a distant blazar located in the Galactic anticenter towards the constellation of Orion. This is a compact radio quasar, classified as radio-loud with a redshift of (z) 2.07 yet having low polarization. It was first discovered in 1977 by astronomers as a radio source and contains a radio spectrum that appears as flat making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar. It has an optical brightness of 19.5.

Description

PKS 0528+134 is found variable on the electromagnetic spectrum and a source of high energy gamma rays. It showed long-term variability on time scales at high radio frequencies. Between 1981 and 1982, PKS 0528+134 exhibited a drop in its 4.8, 8.0 and 14.5 GHz flux value by about 4-5 Jansky (Jy), with a lowest recorded flux of 1.5 Jy in 1990. A drastic increase in gamma ray emission was detected in PKS 0528+134 beginning 1991. That same year, it showed a nonthermal outburst suggesting a period of relativistic plasma being ejected. PKS 0528+134 also had two radio millimeter outbursts.

Between the months of July and December 2009, PKS 0528+134 reached a state of quiescence. When observed by astronomers, they found no traces of either significant flux or spectral variability in most radio bands although flux variability was discovered in optical regime, followed by a weak pattern of spectral softening. This suggests the accretion disk of PKS 0528+134 might play a role at the optical spectrum's blue end. Optical spectropolarimetry also suggests PKS 0528+134 has an extreme degree of polarization, indicating possibility of synchrotron radiation providing emission at the optical spectrum's red end.

Radio images made by the Very Long Baseline Interferometry at 22 GHz shows radio structure of PKS 0528+134 as a 5 mas extended one-sided jet with a more diffused northwest component at a position angle of 50° and two other components located in the west direction of various distances. At 43 GHz, the structure is further resolved into five components showing superluminal motions reaching high as 23 h with increasing motions per distance from the core. An inverted core spectrum is also discovered. Very Long Baseline Array finds three of its components shows progressive acceleration with a strongly polarized northern knot feature. A new component is also found at higher frequencies.

The supermassive black hole mass of PKS 0528+134 is estimated to be 85 x 10 M_ʘ based on an equation calculation integrated between the values of 3 and 30 MeV via flux measurements made by the Imaging Compton Telescope. A luminosity value of 4.1 x 10 ergs has also been calculated for the object as well.

References

1. Mukherjee, R.; Bottcher, M.; Hartman, R. C.; Sreekumar, P.; Thompson, D. J.; Mahoney, W. A.; Pursimo, T.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L. O. (1999-12-10). "Broadband Spectral Analysis of PKS 0528+134: A Report on Six Years of EGRET Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 527 (1): 132–142. doi:10.1086/308057. ISSN 0004-637X.
2. Ghisellini, G.; Costamante, L.; Tagliaferri, G.; Maraschi, L.; Celotti, A.; Fossati, G.; Pian, E.; Comastri, A.; Francesco, G. De (1999-06-09), The blazar PKS 0528+134: new results from BeppoSAX observations, arXiv:astro-ph/9906165
3. Sambruna, Rita M.; Urry, C. Megan; Maraschi, L.; Ghisellini, G.; Mukherjee, R.; Pesce, Joseph E.; Wagner, S. J.; Wehrle, A. E.; Hartman, R. C.; Lin, Y. C.; von Montigny, C. (1997-01-10). "The High-Energy Continuum Emission of the Gamma-Ray Blazar PKS 0528+134". The Astrophysical Journal. 474 (2): 639–649. doi:10.1086/303493. ISSN 0004-637X.
4. Tornikoski, M.; Jussila, I.; Johansson, P.; Lainela, M.; Valtaoja, E. (March 2001). "Radio Spectra and Variability of Gigahertz-Peaked Spectrum Radio Sources and Candidates". The Astronomical Journal. 121 (3): 1306–1318. doi:10.1086/319417. ISSN 0004-6256.
5. Condon, J. J.; Hicks, P. D.; Jauncey, D. L. (September 1977). "Optical identifications of Parkes sources with flat spectra". The Astronomical Journal. 82: 692–700. Bibcode:1977AJ.....82..692C. doi:10.1086/112109. ISSN 0004-6256.
6. Mukherjee, R. (2000). "Spectral variability in the blazar PKS 0528+134". AIP Conference Proceedings. 515. AIP: 66–70. doi:10.1063/1.1291344.
7. Bottcher, M.; Collmar, W. (1998). "Spectral variability in PKS 0528+134 at gamma-ray energies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 329: 57–60. arXiv:astro-ph/9711032. Bibcode:1998A&A...329L..57B.
8. Ghosh, K.K.; Ramsey, B.D.; Sadun, A.C.; Soundararajaperumal, S. (1999). "Optical Variability of Blazars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 127: 11–26. doi:10.1086/313313.
9. Mukherjee, R.; Bottcher, M.; Hartman, R. C.; Sreekumar, P.; Thompson, D. J.; Mahoney, W. A.; Pursimo, T.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L. O. (1999-12-10). "Broadband Spectral Analysis of PKS 0528+134: A Report on Six Years of EGRET Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 527 (1): 132–142. doi:10.1086/308057. ISSN 0004-637X.
10. Hunter, S. D.; Bertsch, D. L.; Fichtel, C. E.; Hartman, R. C.; Thompson, D. J.; Kanbach, G.; Mayer-Hasselwander, H. A.; Montigny, C. V.; Pinkau, K.; Rothermel, H.; Sommer, M.; Lin, Y. C.; Michelson, P. F.; Nolan, P. L.; Kniffen, D. A. (May 1992). "Detection of High Energy Gamma Rays From Quasars PKS0528+134, 4C38.41 and 0836+710". American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #180. 180: 10.05. Bibcode:1992AAS...180.1005H.
11. Hunter, S.D.; Bertsch, D.L.; Dingus, B.L.; Fichtel, C.E.; Hartman, R.C.; Kanbach, G. (1993). "Detection of high-energy gamma rays from quasar PKS 0528 + 134 by EGRET on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory". Astrophysical Journal. 409 (1): 134–138. Bibcode:1993ApJ...409..134H. doi:10.1086/172648. ISSN 0004-637X.
12. ^ Zhang, Y.F.; Marscher, A.P.; Aller, H.D.; Aller, M.F.; Terasranta, H.; Valtaoja, E. (1994). "Radio and X-ray observations of the gamma-ray bright quasar PKS 0528+134". Astrophysical Journal. 432 (1): 91–102. Bibcode:1994ApJ...432...91Z. doi:10.1086/174551. ISSN 0004-637X.
13. Qian, Shan-jie; Britzen, S.; Witzel, A.; Krichbaum, T.; Kraus, A.; Waltman, E.B.; Valtaoja, E.; Aller, H.D. (July 1998). "An analysis of the mm-radio outbursts in the gamma-ray source PKS 0528 + 134". Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics. 22 (3): 280–287. doi:10.1016/s0275-1062(98)00038-1. ISSN 0275-1062.
14. Palma, N.I.; Böttcher, M.; Calle, I. de la; Agudo, I.; Aller, M.; Aller, H.; Bach, U.; Benítez, E.; Buemi, C.S.; Escande, L. (June 2011). "Multiwavelength Observations of the Gamma-Ray Blazar PKS 0528+134 in Quiescence". The Astrophysical Journal. 735 (60): 60. arXiv:1104.3557. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/735/1/60.
15. ^ Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Marscher, Alan P.; Mattox, John R.; Wehrle, Ann E.; Bloom, Steven D.; Yurchenko, Alexei V. (June 2001). "Multiepoch Very Long Baseline Array Observations of EGRET-detected Quasars and BL Lacertae Objects: Superluminal Motion of Gamma-Ray Bright Blazars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 134 (2): 181–240. doi:10.1086/320858. ISSN 0067-0049.
16. Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Marscher, Alan P.; Lister, Matthew L.; Stirling, Alastair M.; Cawthorne, Timothy V.; Gear, Walter K.; Gómez, José L.; Stevens, Jason A.; Smith, Paul S.; Forster, James R.; Robson, E. Ian (October 2005). "Polarimetric Observations of 15 Active Galactic Nuclei at High Frequencies: Jet Kinematics from Bimonthly Monitoring with the Very Long Baseline Array". The Astronomical Journal. 130 (4): 1418–1465. doi:10.1086/444593. ISSN 0004-6256.
17. Cai, H.-B.; Shen, Z.-Q.; Chen, X.; Shang, L.-L. (2006-09-12). "Quasi-simultaneous five-frequency VLBA observations of PKS 0528+134" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 458 (3): 753–760. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065094. ISSN 0004-6361.
18. Collmar, W.; Bennett, K.; Bloemen, H.; Blom, J.J.; Hermsen, W. (1997). "COMPTEL observations of the quasar PKS 0528+134 during the first 3.5 years of the CGRO mission". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 328: 33–42. arXiv:astro-ph/9711198. Bibcode:1997A&A...328...33C.

External links

• PKS 0528+134 on SIMBAD
• PKS 0528+134 on NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database

v t e Constellation of Orion
List of stars in Orion Orion in Chinese astronomy Orion molecular cloud complex Orion's Belt Orion's Sword
Stars	Bayer α (Betelgeuse) β (Rigel) γ (Bellatrix) δ (Mintaka) ε (Alnilam) ζ (Alnitak) η (Algjebba) θ A B C D E F G H θ ι (Hatysa) κ (Saiph) λ (Meissa) μ ν ξ ο ο π π π (Tabit) π π π ρ σ τ υ (Thabit) φ φ χ χ ψ ψ ω Flamsteed 5 6 (g) 11 13 14 (i) 15 16 (h) 18 21 22 (o) 23 (m) 27 (p) 29 (e) 31 32 (A) 33 35 38 42 (c) 45 49 (d) 51 (b) 52 55 56 57 59 60 63 64 66 68 69 (f) 71 72 (f) 73 74 (k) 75 (l) Variable S U W UX VV BF BM DN FU GW V380 V883 V1005 V1149 V1201 V1352 V2247 V2254 V2384 HR 1759 1763 1874 1887 1952 1988 2007 2024 2251 2275 HD 33636 34445 37320 37605 42618 43317 290327 Other 4U 0614+091 CVSO 30 CWISE J0506+0738 Gliese 179 Gliese 205 Gliese 208 Gliese 221 GJ 3379 HOPS 383 LP 658-2 PDS 110 S Ori 52 S Ori 70 WISE J0457−0207 WISE J0521+1025
Exoplanets HD 34445 b HD 37605 b HD 38529 b HD 290327 b
Star clusters	NGC 1662 1980 1981 2169 2175 2194 2202 Other Lambda Orionis Cluster Trapezium Cluster (θ)
Nebulae	NGC 1788 1999 2022 2023 2064 2067 2071 2174 Other Abell 12 Abell 13 Barnard 30 Becklin–Neugebauer Object Flame Nebula HH 1/2 HH 24-26 HH 34 HH 111 Horsehead Nebula IC 434 IC 2118 LDN 1641 McNeil's Nebula Messier 43 Messier 78 Orion Nebula
Galaxies	NGC 1683 1819 1924 2110 2119 Other 4C +09.17 CGCG 396-2 II Zwicky 28 PKS 0458-020 PKS 0528+134 TXS 0506+056
Astronomical events GRB 991216
Category

• Blazars
• Quasars
• Active galaxies
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1977
• LEDA objects
• Orion (constellation)