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Paraorthacodus

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Extinct genus of sharks

Paraorthacodus
Temporal range: Early Jurassic–Eocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Paraorthacodus jurensis holotype specimen
Paraorthacodus jurensis full-body specimen
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Family: †Paraorthacodontidae
Genus: †Paraorthacodus
Glückman, 1957
Species

P. andersoni
P. antarcticus
P. arduennae
P. clarkii
P. conicus
P. eocaenus
P. jurensis
P. recurvus
P. turgaicus

Paraorthacodus is an extinct genus of shark. It a member of the family Paraorthacodontidae (though it was formerly regarded as a member of the family Palaeospinacidae), which is either placed in Hexanchiformes or in Synechodontiformes. It is known from over a dozen named species spanning from the Early Jurassic to the Paleocene, or possibly Eocene. Almost all members of the genus are exclusively known from isolated teeth, with the exception of P. jurensis from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of Europe, which is known from full body fossils from the Late Jurassic of Germany, which suggest that juveniles had a robust body with a round head, while adults had large body sizes with a fusiform profile. There was only a single dorsal fin towards the back of the body without a fin spine. The dentition had teeth with a single large central cusp along with shorter lateral cusplets, which were designed for clutching. The teeth are distinguished from those of Synechodus by the lateral cusplets decreasing in size linearly away from the central cusp rather than exponentially as in Synechodus.

Taxonomy

After

  • Paraorthacodus andersoni (Case, 1978) Late Cretaceous (Santonian and Campanian)
  • Paraorthacodus antarcticus Klug et al., 2008 Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
  • Paraorthacodus clarkii (Eastman, 1901) Paleocene (Thanetian)
  • Paraorthacodus conicus (Davis, 1890) Late Cretaceous (Coniacian to Campanian)
  • Paraorthacodus eocaenus (Leriche, 1902) Paleogene (Thanetian to Ypresian according to, exclusively Thanetian according to, considered a synonym of P. clarkii by)
  • Paraorthacodus jurensis (Schweizer, 1964) Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)
  • Paraorthacodus nerviensis (Leriche, 1929) uppermost Cretaceous
  • Paraorthacodus patagonicus (Ameghino, 1893) Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)
  • Paraorthacodus recurvus (Trautschold, 1877) Cretaceous (Albian-uppermost Cretaceous)
  • Paraorthacodus sulcatus (Davis, 1888) Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
  • Paraorthacodus validus (Chapman, 1918) from the Cretaceous
  • Paraorthacodus turgaicus Glickman, 1964, Paleocene (Thanetian)
  • Paraorthacodus helveticus (De Beaumont 1960) Early Jurassic (Sinemurian)
  • Paraorthacodus arduennae Delsate, 2001) Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian)
  • Paraorthacodus kruckowi (Thies 1983) Middle Jurassic (Aalenian)

References

  1. ^ Villalobos-Segura, Eduardo; Stumpf, Sebastian; Türtscher, Julia; Jambura, Patrick L.; Begat, Arnaud; López-Romero, Faviel A.; Fischer, Jan; Kriwet, Jürgen (March 2023). "A Synoptic Review of the Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätten of Southern Germany: Taxonomy, Diversity, and Faunal Relationships". Diversity. 15 (3): 386. doi:10.3390/d15030386. ISSN 1424-2818. PMC 7614348. PMID 36950327.
  2. ^ Cione, Alberto L.; Santillana, Sergio; Gouiric-Cavalli, Soledad; Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Gelfo, Javier N.; López, Guillermo M.; Reguero, Marcelo (May 2018). "Before and after the K/Pg extinction in West Antarctica: New marine fish records from Marambio (Seymour) Island". Cretaceous Research. 85: 250–265. Bibcode:2018CrRes..85..250C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.01.004. hdl:11336/99687. S2CID 133767014.
  3. ^ Klug, Stefanie; Kriwet, JüRgen; BöTtcher, Ronald; Schweigert, GüNter; Dietl, Gerd (September 2009). "Skeletal anatomy of the extinct shark Paraorthacodus jurensis (Chondrichthyes; Palaeospinacidae), with comments on synechodontiform and palaeospinacid monophyly". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 157 (1): 107–134. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x.
  4. ^ Cappetta, Henri; Morrison, Kurt; Adnet, Sylvain (2021-08-03). "A shark fauna from the Campanian of Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada: an insight into the diversity of Cretaceous deep-water assemblages". Historical Biology. 33 (8): 1121–1182. Bibcode:2021HBio...33.1121C. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1681421. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 212878837.
  5. Stumpf, Sebastian; Kriwet, Jürgen (December 2019). "A new Pliensbachian elasmobranch (Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes) assemblage from Europe, and its contribution to the understanding of late Early Jurassic elasmobranch diversity and distributional patterns". PalZ. 93 (4): 637–658. Bibcode:2019PalZ...93..637S. doi:10.1007/s12542-019-00451-4. ISSN 0031-0220.
  6. Rodríguez, Diego; Ward, David John; Quezada, Jorge Andrés (2023-06-07). "Paleontology and stratigraphic implications of a late Paleocene elasmobranch assemblage in Talcahuano, southcentral Chile". Andean Geology. 50 (2): 217. doi:10.5027/andgeoV50n2-3494. ISSN 0718-7106. S2CID 259771898.
Taxon identifiers
Paraorthacodus


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