| Pattini | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Pattini Deviyo |
| Affiliation | Kannaki Amman |
| Symbol | Anklet, Neem leaves |
| Mount | Goat |
Pattini (Sinhala: පත්තිනි දෙවියෝ, lit. 'Pattiṉi Deviyō', Tamil: கண்ணகி அம்மன், lit. 'Kaṇṇaki Am'man'), is considered a guardian deity of Sri Lanka in Sri Lankan Buddhism and Sinhalese folklore. She is also worshipped by Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus by the name of Kannaki Amman.
She is considered the patron goddess of fertility and health, particularly protection against smallpox, which is referred to as deviyange ledé ('the divine affliction') in the Sinhala language.
History
Goddess Pattini is the deification of Kannaki, who is the central character of the Tamil epic the Cilappatikaram of Ilango Adigal, written in South India after the 2nd century. After a short time, it was introduced into Sri Lanka and absorbed earlier deities such as Kiri Amma ('milk mother'). Historians attribute the introduction of goddess Pattini to the island to Gajabahu I, a Sinhalese king who ruled Sri Lanka from 113-135. As per some historians, the Cilappatikaram mentions Gajabahu's presence at the consecration of a temple to Kannagi (identified as Pattini in this case) by the Chera king Cenkuttuvan.
Rituals
Pattini is honoured in annual fertility rites such as
- Gammaduwa (village rebirth) festivals, during which her myth is enacted.
- Ankeliya (horn games) in which, as in the British game of Uppies and Downies, upper and lower teams compete.
- Porakeliya (fight games) during which two teams hurl coconuts at each other.
Nursing mothers' alms-giving
Sinhalese people believe that diseases like chickenpox and measles are punishments by God for frailty. In such events as the goddess of healing, they pray to Pattini Devi. When a family member is infected, they hold Dānas (alms-givings) for her, called Kiri-ammāwarungè dānaya (Nursing mothers' alms-giving). Sri Lankan Sinhalese first invite to 7 or more than that ( 7 multiples ) good women by their behavior.Next , they made Kiriya ( A dish likewise Dodol made from pure coconut milk , jaggery and treacle and adding plums and Kaju ) , Kavum ( Sri Lankan Oil Cake ) , Milk Aluwa , Milk Rice.Especially , All these dishes are made from milk , a symbol of luck.They also add plantains too.At the alms giving day , they offer dishes for Lord Buddha and Goddess Pattini . After they offer the dishes for the invited good womans.Next , they read the ancient script of Pattini Halla and Some chants of goddess pattini.
Pattini temples in Sri Lanka
| Devalaya/Temple | Image | Location | District | Province | Description | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halpe Pattini Devalaya |  |
Halpe | Badulla | Uva Province | Archaeological protected monument | |
| Kabulumulla Pattini Devalaya | One of the four major Pattini temples which the great 'Pattini Salamba' exists. This devale was built by King Rajasinghe I in 1582. | |||||
| Lindamulla Pattini Devalaya |  |
Lindamulla | Badulla | Uva Province | Archaeological protected monument | |
| Maduwa Pattini Devalaya | The festival of the Pattini Devale is held annually during July–August season. | |||||
| Mahanuwara Pattini Devalaya | Kandy | Kandy | Central | Pattini Devale is located to the west of Natha Devale close to Sri Dalada Maligawa premises. | ||
| Nawagamuwa Pattini Devalaya | Nawagamuwa | Colombo | Western | As the legend unfolds King Gajabahu I of Anuradhapura (A.D. 114 - 136) came from India with 12,000 men as prisoners, bringing with him a Pattini anklet, he landed at a place close to devalaya. Devalaya was built to enshrine the anklet. | ||
| Madulla Paththini Devalaya | Madulla | Nuwara Eliya | Central | Ancient Devala, Built by King Rajasinghe II |
- Gagula Sri Sudharshana Pattini Devalaya - * One of the oldest Pattini temples in the western coast of Sri Lanka.
- Mee Gaha Kovila Pattini Devalaya - Oldest Pattini temple located in Panadura city.The name recognizes the huge Mee tree in the temple and it also has huge tamarind trees too.
See also
References
- "King Gajabahu I of Anuradhapura". Lanka Pradeepa. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- "The Cult of Goddess Pattini at a time of Pandemic: Gammaduwa as a Strategy of Supernatural Protection". ari.nus.edu.sg. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- "Ella Halpe Pattini Devalaya". Department of Archaeology. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- "Gazette". The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 1401. 8 July 2005.
- "Gazette". The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 1597. 8 April 2009.
- "Nawagamuwa Devalaya - Dedicated to goddess Pattini". Sunday Observer. 17 April 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
Further reading
- Bastin, Rohan (December 2002). The Domain of Constant Excess: Plural Worship at the Munnesvaram Temples in Sri Lanka. Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-252-0.
- Obeyesekera, Gananath (1984). The Cult of the Goddess Pattini. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-61602-9.
External links
- Website of Kubulumulla Pattini Devalaya Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine