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Pe (Persian letter)

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Letter used to represent the sound in Persian and Kurdish alphabet
← Ghayn Pe Che →
Persianپ‎
Phonemic representationp
Position in alphabet29
Numerical value2000
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician
Persian alphabet
ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی
Perso-Arabic script

Pe (پ) is a letter in the Persian alphabet and the Kurdish alphabet used to represent the voiceless bilabial plosive ⟨p⟩. It is based on bā' (ب) with two additional diacritic dots. It is one of the five letters that were created specifically for the Persian alphabet to symbolize sounds found in Persian but not in Standard Arabic, others being ژ, چ, and گ, in addition the obsolete ڤ. In name and shape, it is a variant of be (ب). It is used in Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, and other Iranian languages, Uyghur, Urdu, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Shina, and Turkic languages (before the Latin and Cyrillic scripts were adopted). Its numerical value is 2000 (see Abjad numerals).

Example of the letter's use on a street sign in Alexandria, Egypt, in French Rue Champollion and Arabic شارع شامپوليون.
A trilingual road sign in Israel transliterates the final consonant from a winery with the English name "Tulip" into Arabic and Hebrew using non-native letters: پ in Arabic and the non-final form of פ in Hebrew.

It is one of additional common foreign letters that are sometimes used in some Arabic dialects to represent foreign sounds, it represents /p/ in loanwords and it can be substituted by ب /b/ such as in protein which is written as بروتين /broːtiːn/ or پروتين /proːtiːn/. In Egypt, the letter is called be be-talat noʾaṭ (به بتلات نقط [be beˈtælæt ˈnoʔɑtˤ], "be with three dots"). In Israel, the letter is sometimes used to transliterate names containing /p/ into Arabic, when that sound originates in non-Semitic languages; when the /p/ sound comes from a Hebrew word, there is normally an Arabic translation instead.


Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help) 		پ‎ ـپ‎ ـپـ‎ پـ‎

When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as ב׳.

Character encodings

Character information
Preview پ
Unicode name PERSIAN LETTER PEH
Encodings decimal hex
Unicode 1662 U+067E
UTF-8 217 190 D9 BE
Numeric character reference پ پ

See also

References

  1. "فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی". 2017-09-07. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
  2. Izadi, Sara; Sadri, Javad; Solimanpour, Farshid; Suen, Ching Y. (2008). Doermann, David; Jaeger, Stefan (eds.). "A Review on Persian Script and Recognition Techniques". Arabic and Chinese Handwriting Recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 4768. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer: 22–35. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78199-8_2. ISBN 978-3-540-78199-8.
  3. Orsatti, Paola (2019). "Persian Language in Arabic Script: The Formation of the Orthographic Standard and the Different Graphic Traditions of Iran in the First Centuries of the Islamic Era". Creating Standards (Book).


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