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Penang Island City Council
Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang
Coat of arms
Overview
Established	1976; 49 years ago (1976)
Polity	George Town
Leader	Mayor Rajendran P. Anthony (since 2023)
Appointed by	Chief Minister Chow Kon Yeow
Responsible to	Penang state government
Annual budget	RM466.31 million (2025)
Headquarters	City Hall Esplanade Road George Town
Website	www.mbpp.gov.my/en/

The Penang Island City Council (abbrev. MBPP) is the local government that administers the city of George Town, which includes the entirety of Penang Island. The city council, which has jurisdiction over an area of 306 km (118 sq mi), falls under the purview of the Penang state government.

The Penang Island City Council is responsible for urban planning, heritage preservation, public health, sanitation, waste management, traffic management, environmental protection, building control, social and economic development, and general maintenance of urban infrastructure. In addition, the local government, in a joint effort with Rapid Penang, runs a free shuttle bus service within the heart of George Town.

The headquarters of the city government is located within the City Hall in George Town, which had served as the seat of its predecessor, the George Town City Council, until 1974. It also has offices within Komtar, the tallest skyscraper in the city.

History

Formation

In the 1969 state election, Gerakan, under the leadership of Lim Chong Eu, wrested control of Penang's state legislature from the incumbent Alliance (predecessor to the present-day Barisan Nasional) administration. Lim subsequently became Penang's Chief Minister, replacing Wong Pow Nee. Lim had pledged to restore municipal elections, which had been suspended since 1965 due to the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. However, he soon recognised its futility without support from the Alliance-controlled federal government, which had to impose a nationwide state of emergency following post-election sectarian violence in Kuala Lumpur.

At the time, Penang Island was governed by two separate local governments – the George Town City Council and the Penang Island Rural District Council. In lieu of holding local government elections, Lim decided on a massive restructuring of local governments within Penang. The rural district councils were perceived as ineffective and a study conducted in 1971 recommended the consolidation of the two local governments on the island to form a single, unified city government. In addition, by the 1970s, the George Town City Council faced financial difficulties. Despite this, the city government still maintained a skilled workforce, which Lim considered advantageous for a potential municipal merger.

In 1973, the federal government initiated a restructuring of local governments nationwide to enhance efficiency. By then, Gerakan became a member of the newly-formed Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, ensuring Penang's integration into national development policies. In 1974, Lim announced the merger of the George Town City Council with the Penang Island Rural District Council, creating a unified management board for the entirety of Penang Island. This board consisted of 34 members, including appointed representatives of the BN coalition, civil servants and technocrats.

While the new management board was perceived to be subordinate to the Penang state government, differences soon emerged over the proposed redevelopment of the city centre. This redevelopment entailed the construction of a new complex (what is now Komtar), designed to integrate state and local government services, and improve traffic dispersal in the area. Although the project initially came under the management board's purview, the Penang Development Corporation (PDC), a state agency, later asserted control over the project. This led to tensions between Lim's administration and the board, which were further exacerbated by partisanship between members of the board affiliated with Gerakan and the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the largest party within BN.

In 1976, the federal Parliament enacted the Local Government Act, which mandated the appointment of mayors and councillors by the respective state governments, contrary to the recommendations of a royal commission advocating for the restoration of local government elections. By the end of that year, Lim's administration implemented the Act in Penang, transforming the island's management board into the Penang Island Municipal Council. The new local government consisted of eight councillors and a president. Among the councillors, two were former members of the defunct board, four were appointed by Gerakan, one was from UMNO and one was an independent member.

With the establishment of the municipal council, Toh Ah Bah, who previously headed the management board, took on the role of president of the new council. The hasty establishment of the local government also contributed to reducing opposition to the urban redevelopment project.

Reinstatement of city status

The decades that followed the formation of the Penang Island Municipal Council saw a prolonged debate on George Town's city status, which had been granted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1957. Clause 3 of the Local Government (Merger of the City Council of George Town and the Rural District Council of Penang Island) Order, 1974, stated that

"the status of the City of George Town as a city shall continue to be preserved and maintained and shall remain unimpaired by the merger hereby effected".

However, the BN-controlled federal government was of the view that George Town had effectively lost its city status. In contrast, Penangites contended that George Town's city status was never revoked. Activist Anwar Fazal asserted that George Town "legally has been and is still a city because the City of George Town Ordinance 1957 was never repealed". Following the 2008 state election that resulted in Pakatan Rakyat (predecessor to the present-day Pakatan Harapan coalition) coming to power in Penang, the issue of George Town's city status reignited tensions between the federal and Penang state governments.

In 2015, George Town's jurisdiction was expanded by the federal government to encompass the entirety of Penang Island and the surrounding islets. The Penang Island Municipal Council was thus renamed the Penang Island City Council. Patahiyah Ismail was appointed as the new Mayor of Penang Island, the first female mayor in the city's history. The expansion also resulted in an enlargement of the city council's workforce and responsibilities, as well as enhancing the regulation of heritage conservation.

List of mayors

Organisation

The city council is headed by the Mayor of Penang Island, who is assisted by the City Secretary and 24 councillors. The mayor's term lasts for two years, while each of the 24 councillors is appointed for a one-year term by the Penang state government.

22 of the councillors are selected by the component parties of the ruling Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. Of these, 10 are appointed by the Democratic Action Party (DAP), eight by the People's Justice Party (PKR) and four from the National Trust Party (Amanah). Following the 2023 state election that saw the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) forming an unprecedented political alliance with PH, the former is allocated one councillor post as well. Penang-based non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are allocated the remaining councillor post to allow for the participation in policy-making by civil societies.

The current mayor of Penang Island is Rajendran P. Anthony, who assumed office in 2023, whilst Cheong Chee Hong holds the positions of City Secretary and chief digital officer.

Councillors

As of 1 August 2024, the councillors of the Penang Island City Council are as listed below.

Departments

The internal organisation of the city council comprises the following departments and units.

Public finance

See also

• Seberang Perai City Council

References

1. Edmund Lee (11 September 2024). "MBPP's Budget 2025 Focuses on Cleanliness and Sustainability". Buletin Mutiara. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
2. "Background". Official Portal of City Council of Penang Island (MBPP). 9 October 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
3. ^ Chet Singh; Rasiah, Rajah; Wong, Yee Tuan (2019). From Free Port to Modern Economy: Economic Development and Social Change in Penang, 1969 to 1990. Penang Institute. pp. 93–110. ISBN 978-983-2221-10-4.
4. Daniel Goh, P. S. (2014). "Between History and Heritage: Post-Colonialism, Globalisation, and the Remaking of Malacca, Penang and Singapore" (PDF). Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
5. Abdullah, Saifuddin. "George Town: Malaysia's First Local Democracy". Penang Institute. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
6. "City fathers". The Straits Times. 1 April 1977. p. 14. Retrieved 1 January 2025 – via National Library Board.
7. "Penang's Big Day — What a Day!". The Straits Times. 2 January 1957. p. 1. Retrieved 30 December 2024 – via National Library Board.
8. Goh, Ban Lee (February 2010). "Remember the City Status of George Town". Penang Monthly. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
9. Opalyn Mok (24 March 2015). "Penang now officially a city". Malay Mail. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
10. "Where is George Town?". Malay Mail. 4 April 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
11. "Penang forgetting its history". The Star. 1 January 2007. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
12. Opalyn Mok (8 July 2013). "Guan Eng: Penang should be afforded its long overdue city status". Malay Mail. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
13. "George Town Meliputi 'Pulau', Jelas Datuk Bandar" (PDF). Buletin Mutiara (in Malay). 1 May 2015. p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018. Dari segi sejarah, pengiktirafan George Town sebagai 'bandar raya' oleh Ratu Elizabeth II pada 1 Januari 1957 tidak pernah ditarik balik hingga kini. Bagaimanapun, Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang (MPPP) pula ditubuhkan semula pada 15 Disember 1976 berdasarkan Akta Kerajaan Tempatan, 1976. Justeru, sempadan sebenar George Town meliputi seluruh bahagian 'pulau', sebagaimana kekal dipertanggungjawabkan ke atas MBPP.
14. Looi, Sue Chern (25 March 2015). "George Town A City Again". The Edge. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
15. Lilian Chan (9 April 2015). "Patahiyah is mayor of Penang Island". Buletin Mutiara. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
16. ^ Opalyn Mok (31 March 2015). "Council president now Penang's first mayor". Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2024. Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
17. Katahenggam, Nagathisen. "Fiscal Analysis and Governance of the City Council of Penang Island 2002–2011" (PDF). Taylor's University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
18. "Patahiyah is mayor of Penang Island". 9 April 2015.
19. "New MBPP mayor Maimunah takes oath of office". 4 July 2017.
20. "Yew to replace Maimunah as MBPP mayor". 17 January 2018.
21. "Organisation Chart". Official Portal of Penang Island City Council (MBPP). 9 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
22. "Newbies pledge to give their best - Community | The Star Online". www.thestar.com.my. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
23. ^ Opalyn Mok (27 June 2018). "Putrajaya asked Penang's help to return third vote, says state exco". Malay Mail. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
24. "New list of city councillors to be tabled on Jan 4 - Nation | The Star Online". Retrieved 1 January 2017.
25. Nataf Zulkifli, Watawa (1 August 2024). "Empat angkat sumpah sebagai Ahli Majlis MBPP, lantikan hingga 31 Disember". Buletin Mutiara (in Malay). Retrieved 2 August 2024.
26. "Penang Island City Council". iDirectory of the Penang State Government. Penang State Government.
27. "Laporan Sosioekonomi Negeri Pulau Pinang 2023". Department of Statistics Malaysia (in Malay). August 2024. ISSN 2600-9854.
28. "Laporan Sosioekonomi Negeri Pulau Pinang 2022". Department of Statistics Malaysia. August 2023. ISSN 2600-9854.
29. "Laporan Sosioekonomi Negeri Pulau Pinang 2021". Department of Statistics Malaysia. August 2022. ISSN 2600-9854.

External links

• Official website

• Local government in Penang
• City councils in Malaysia
• George Town, Penang
• Penang Island