| Pentatricopeptide repeat | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | PPR | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01535 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0020 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR002885 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PS51375 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) is a 35-amino acid sequence motif. Pentatricopeptide-repeat-containing proteins are a family of proteins commonly found in the plant kingdom. They are distinguished by the presence of tandem degenerate PPR motifs and by the relative lack of introns in the genes coding for them.
Approximately 450 such proteins have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome, and another 477 in the rice genome. Despite the large size of the protein family, genetic data suggest that there is little or no redundancy of function between the PPR proteins in Arabidopsis.
The purpose of PPR proteins is currently under dispute. It has been shown that a good deal of those in Arabidopsis interact (often essentially) with mitochondria and other organelles and that they are possibly involved in RNA editing. However many trans proteins are required for this editing to occur and research continues to look at which proteins are needed.
The structure of the PPR has been resolved. It folds into a helix-turn-helix structure similar to those found in the tetratricopeptide repeat. Several repeats of the protein forms a ring around a single-strand RNA molecule in a sequence-sensitive way reminiscent of TAL effectors.
Examples
Human genes encoding proteins containing this repeat include:
References
- Mingler MK, Hingst AM, Clement SL, Yu LE, Reifur L, Koslowsky DJ (November 2006). "Identification of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins in Trypanosoma brucei". Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 150 (1): 37–45. doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.06.006. PMID 16837079.
- ^ Lurin C, Andrés C, Aubourg S, Bellaoui M, Bitton F, Bruyère C, Caboche M, Debast C, Gualberto J, Hoffmann B, Lecharny A, Le Ret M, Martin-Magniette ML, Mireau H, Peeters N, Renou JP, Szurek B, Taconnat L, Small I (August 2004). "Genome-wide analysis of Arabidopsis pentatricopeptide repeat proteins reveals their essential role in organelle biogenesis". Plant Cell. 16 (8): 2089–103. doi:10.1105/tpc.104.022236. PMC 519200. PMID 15269332.
- O'Toole N, Hattori M, Andres C, Iida K, Lurin C, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Sugita M, Small I (June 2008). "On the expansion of the pentatricopeptide repeat gene family in plants". Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (6): 1120–8. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn057. PMID 18343892.
- Kotera E, Tasaka M, Shikanai T (January 2005). "A pentatricopeptide repeat protein is essential for RNA editing in chloroplasts". Nature. 433 (7023): 326–30. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..326K. doi:10.1038/nature03229. PMID 15662426. S2CID 4416316.
- Takenaka M, Verbitskiy D, Zehrmann A, Brennicke A (June 2010). "Reverse genetic screening identifies five E-class PPR-proteins involved in RNA editing in mitochondria of Arabidopsis Thaliana". J Biol Chem. 285 (35): 27122–27129. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.128611. PMC 2930711. PMID 20566637.
- Yin P, Li Q, Yan C, Liu Y, Liu J, Yu F, et al. (December 2013). "Structural basis for the modular recognition of single-stranded RNA by PPR proteins". Nature. 504 (7478): 168–71. Bibcode:2013Natur.504..168Y. doi:10.1038/nature12651. PMID 24162847. S2CID 4471801.
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