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Phaudidae
Phauda mahisa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Zygaenoidea
Family:	Phaudidae Kirby, 1892

The Phaudidae are a family of moths. Species occur from India to East and Southeast Asia, and include Phauda flammans, a significant horticultural pest on Ficus spp. trees in China, Vietnam, Thailand and India. Formerly known as subfamily Phaudinae within the Zygaenidae, it has since been elevated to the taxonomic rank of family, with phylogenetic research placing the family as sister group to the Zygenidae within superfamily Zygenoidea.

Taxonomic history

Phaudidae was established as subfamily Phaudinae within the Zygaenidae in 1892 by William Forsell Kirby. Elevation to the rank of family was proposed in 1998 by Harald Fänger et al. Phylogenetic research in 2006 and 2010 supports placement outside Zygenidae, and most though not all subsequent authors have followed this placement. Further phylogenetic research in the 2020s confirms placement outside the Zygenidae, finding the Phaudidae as sister group to the Zygenidae, and the grouping (Phaudidae+Zygaenidae) as sister group to the Limacodidae.

Distribution

Species occur from India east to Southeast and East Asia.

Genera

• Alophogaster Hampson, 1892
• Phauda Walker, 1854
• Phaudopsis Hampson, 1900

References

1. ^ Joshi, R.; Pathania, P. C.; Das, A.; Mazumder, A.; Ranjan, R.; Singh, N. (2021). "Chapter 42: Insecta : Lepidoptera : Heterocera (Moths)". In Chandra, Kailash; Kosygin, Laishram; Raghunathan, C.; Gupta, Devanshu (eds.). Faunal diversity of biogeographic zones of India: North-East. Kolkata, West Bengal: Zoological Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. p. 525. ISBN 978-81-8171-565-4. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
2. Zheng, Xia-Lin; Liu, Junyan; Lu, Wen; He, Xiong Zhao; Wang, Qiao (1 March 2020). "Mating Delay Reduces Reproductive Performance but not Longevity in a Monandrous Moth". Journal of Insect Science. 20 (2): 3. doi:10.1093/jisesa/ieaa009. PMC 7050306. PMID 32118258. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
3. ^ Fibiger, Michael; Larsen, Knud; Buchsbaum, Ulf (2010). "Phauda bicolor sp. n. from North Sumatra (Indonesia) (Zygaenidae: Phaudinae)" (PDF). Nota Lepidopterologica. 33 (2): 263. ISSN 0342-7536. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
4. Yen, Shen-Horn; Naumann, Clas M.; Fänger, Harald (1998). "External morphology of the last instar larva of Phauda mimica Strand, 1915 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea)". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 29 (4): 447–449. doi:10.1163/187631298X00050. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
5. ^ Niehuis, Oliver; Yen, Shen-Horn; Naumann, Clas M.; Misof, Bernhard (June 2006). "Higher phylogeny of zygaenid moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data and the evolution of larval cuticular cavities for chemical defence". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 812–829. Bibcode:2006MolPE..39..812N. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.007. PMID 16483803. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
6. Mutanen, Marko; Wahlberg, Niklas; Kaila, Lauri (22 September 2010). "Comprehensive gene and taxon coverage elucidates radiation patterns in moths and butterflies". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1695): 2839–2848. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0392. PMC 2981981. PMID 20444718. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
7. van Nieukerken, Erik J.; Kaila, Lauri; Kitching, Ian J.; Kristensen, Niels P.; et al. (2011). "Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758" (PDF). In Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Magnolia Press. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
8. Leraut, Patrice (2012). Moths of Europe Vol. 3: Zygaenids, Pyralids 1 and Brachodids. NAP Editions. ISBN 9782913688155.
9. Efetov, Konstantin; Hofmann, Axel; Tarmann, Gerhard; Tremewan, Walter Gerald (8 September 2014). "Taxonomic comments on the treatment of the Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) in volume 3 of Moths of Europe, Zygaenids, Pyralids 1 and Brachodids (2012)". Nota Lepidopterologica. 37 (2): 123–133. doi:10.3897/nl.37.7940. Retrieved 29 November 2024. the Phaudidae were elevated to full family status within the Zygaenoidea by Niehuis et al. (2006: 822, fig. 3), a placement that is now widely accepted by lepidopterists (van Nieukerken et al. 2011) and fully supported by the present authors.
10. Zhang, Ruyue; Li, Jing; Geng, Shuo; Yang, Juan; Zhang, Xiao; An, Yuxin; Li, Cong; Cui, Haoran; Li, Xiaoying; Wang, Yuyu (15 April 2020). "The first mitochondrial genome for Phaudidae (Lepidoptera) with phylogenetic analyses of Zygaenoidea". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 149: 951–961. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.307. ISSN 0141-8130. PMID 32018010.
11. ^ Farooqui, Shahabab A.; Siddiqua, Kazi S.; Rayhan, MD. J.; Khan, Shameem Ahmad (7 April 2023). "A world checklist of the genus Phauda Walker (Lepidoptera: Phaudidae) with the description of female genitalia of Phauda flammans (Walker, 1854)". Tropical Lepidoptera Research. 33 (1). doi:10.5281/zenodo.7790068. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
12. ^ Cai, Yanpeng; Yin, Aihui (25 March 2024). "The complete mitochondrial genome of Chibiraga houshuaii (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae) and its phylogenetic implications". Scientific Reports. 14 (1): 7009. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14.7009C. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57709-4. PMC 10963781. PMID 38528107.

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